Transition to Cios in the Public Sector: a Comparative Study Between a Developed and a Developing Country
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Transition to CIOs in the Public Sector: A Comparative Study between a Developed and a Developing Country Bashir Hussain A thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Engineering & Information Technology The University of New South Wales, Canberra, Australia UNSW, AUSTRALIA May 2019 [this page is intentionally left blank] ii Thesis/Dissertation Sheet Surname/Family Name : Hussain Given Name/s : Bashir Abbreviation for degree as give in the University calendar : PhD Faculty : School of Engineering and Information Technology School : Canberra Transition to CIOs in the Public Sector: A Comparative Study Thesis Title : between a Developed and a Developing Country. The Public Sectors of developing countries are facing challenges in integrating Information and Communication Technology (ICT) due to the absence of an ICT leadership position. Although the literature suggests that the Chief Information Officer (CIO) position facilitates better alignment of ICT with business objectives, the literature only captures scattered issues including competency, role effectiveness, and structural relationships, and those only from developed countries’ perspectives. It remains under-researched how the public sector of developing countries can make the transition to the implementation of strategic positions such as CIO. Reflecting on the challenge of integrating ICT in the public sector of developing countries, this research advances the idea of establishing an ICT leadership position such as a Chief Information Officer (CIO) or equivalent through an empirical investigation comparing Australia and Bangladesh. Using interpretivism research, a case study approach (Yin, 2009) is applied, incorporating change management conditions (Fernandez & Rainey, 2006), defensive routines (Argyris, 1985), and Institutional process (Scott, 2008) theories. Findings of the research contribute to the CIO literature by revealing interesting and important similarities and differences between the two countries regarding CIO transition. In Australia, the CIO position was established over a decade ago through the reformation of governance structures within a whole-of-government agenda. In contrast, weak governance mechanisms, aggravated by strong defensive routines from top level management, hinder the transition to CIO in Bangladesh. A combination of theories offers a new and holistic perspective and provides that interventions in the governance structure are critical to ensure a conducive climate by nurturing coercive and normative pressures to minimize defensiveness towards establishing a CIO. Declaration relating to disposition of project thesis/dissertation I hereby grant to the University of New South Wales or its agents the right to archive and to make available my thesis or dissertation in whole or in part in the University libraries in all forms of media, now or here after known, subject to the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968. I retain all property rights, such as patent rights. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis or dissertation. I also authorise University Microfilms to use the 350 word abstract of my thesis in Dissertation Abstracts International (this is applicable to doctoral theses only). …………………………………………………………… ……………………………………..……………… Signature Witness Signature ……….……………………...…….… Date The University recognises that there may be exceptional circumstances requiring restrictions on copying or conditions on use. Requests for restriction for a period of up to 2 years must be made in writing. Requests for a longer period of restriction may be considered in exceptional circumstances and require the approval of the Dean of Graduate Research. Date of completion of requirements for FOR OFFICE USE ONLY Award: ORIGINALITY STATEMENT ‘I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and to the best of my knowledge it contains no materials previously published or written by another person, or substantial proportions of material which have been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma at UNSW or any other educational institution, except where due acknowledgement is made in the thesis. Any contribution made to the research by others, with whom I have worked at UNSW or elsewhere, is explicitly acknowledged in the thesis. I also declare that the intellectual content of this thesis is the product of my own work, except to the extent that assistance from others in the project’s design and conception or in style, presentation and linguistic expression is acknowledged.’ Signed ……………………………………… Date …………………………… iv COPYRIGHT STATEMENT ‘I hereby grant the University of New South Wales or its agents the right to archive and to make available my thesis or dissertation in whole or part in the University libraries in all forms of media, now or here after known, subject to the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968. I retain all proprietary rights, such as patent rights. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis or dissertation. I also authorise University Microfilms to use the 350 word abstract of my thesis in Dissertation Abstract International (this is applicable to doctoral theses only). I have either used no substantial portions of copyright material in my thesis or I have obtained permission to use copyright material; where permission has not been granted I have applied/will apply for a partial restriction of the digital copy of my thesis or dissertation.' Signed ……………………………………………........................... Date ……………………………………………........................... AUTHENTICITY STATEMENT ‘I certify that the Library deposit digital copy is a direct equivalent of the final officially approved version of my thesis. No emendation of content has occurred and if there are any minor variations in formatting, they are the result of the conversion to digital format.’ Signed ……………………………………………........................... Date ……………………………………………........................... v Publications Statement UNSW is supportive of candidates publishing their research results during their candidature as detailed in the UNSW Thesis Examination Procedure. Publications can be used in their thesis in lieu of a Chapter if: • The student contributed greater than 50% of the content in the publication and is the “primary author”, ie. the student was responsible primarily for the planning, execution and preparation of the work for publication • The student has approval to include the publication in their thesis in lieu of a Chapter from their supervisor and Postgraduate Coordinator. • The publication is not subject to any obligations or contractual agreements with a third party that would constrain its inclusion in the thesis Please indicate whether this thesis contains published material or not. This thesis contains no publications, either published or ☐ submitted for publication (if this box is checked, you may delete all the material on page 2) Some of the work described in this thesis has been published and it has been documented in the relevant Chapters with ☒ acknowledgement (if this box is checked, you may delete all the material on page 2) This thesis has publications (either published or submitted for ☐ publication) incorporated into it in lieu of a chapter and the details are presented below CANDIDATE’S DECLARATION I declare that: • I have complied with the Thesis Examination Procedure • where I have used a publication in lieu of a Chapter, the listed publication(s) below meet(s) the requirements to be included in the thesis. Name Signature Date (dd/mm/yy) Bashir Hussain vi DEDICATION To my beloved mother who is blessing me from the other world and to my father who always asked to keep patience in my PhD journey. vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS A journey by desktop, with internet connection and reflection as food, is what a PhD is about. Constant reading and writing are two hefty fellow passengers in this journey. Let us not forget the critical comments from supervisors causing hard braking. This is a PhD, just think about it! Although I was alone in this turbulent journey and wrote the intellectual ‘contributions of this research’, a number of people, including family members, friends, and fellow-researchers, also contributed to it. They painted some real colours for me on this colourless journey. Now, it is time to thank them and convey my gratitude to them. First, I would like to offer my gratitude to the most merciful and benevolent who created me, and gave me an opportunity to prove myself in this world. After Him, I should thank my parents, especially my mother, who always prayed that I would finish the journey smoothly. Thank you mom. I know you are surely watching me writing this from the other world and smiling at me as you always did. I love you mom. My father’s advice to be patient and not to lose my temper will inspire me for the rest of my life. I can tell you dad, whatever situation arises, I shall not fear. My supervisors’ Dr Ahmed Imran and Dr Tim Turner guided and inspired me throughout this journey. I am thankful to them for their suggestions and hard work. Without their guidance, this thesis would be rambling and lost in my pile of data and papers. I am also grateful to them as they arranged for me to attend a number of seminars and workshops where I got to meet IS scholars and the industry guys. I thank the CIOs in the Australian public sector who squeezed out some time from their busy schedules for my research. I am also thankful to the officers of the Bangladesh public sector, especially officers of A2i, ICT Division, MOPA, BPATC and a few other organisations who provided me with valuable data and information to complete this journey. Family, I am coming to you. My brother Mehdi, who is now Dr Mehdi, was truly my co-passenger in this journey. On many occasions, I shared my research with him and got fantastic ideas and support. His relentless support until the end of this journey is viii unforgettable. He inspired me with his own experiences during the ups-and-downs of my journey. Mehdi’s wife Nastaran was always asking me about how I was going with my thesis, and that is worth sharing here.