Morphometric Analysis of Thoracic Aorta in Slc39a13/Zip13-KO Mice
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Chapter 20 *Lecture Powerpoint the Circulatory System: Blood Vessels and Circulation
Chapter 20 *Lecture PowerPoint The Circulatory System: Blood Vessels and Circulation *See separate FlexArt PowerPoint slides for all figures and tables preinserted into PowerPoint without notes. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Introduction • The route taken by the blood after it leaves the heart was a point of much confusion for many centuries – Chinese emperor Huang Ti (2697–2597 BC) believed that blood flowed in a complete circuit around the body and back to the heart – Roman physician Galen (129–c. 199) thought blood flowed back and forth like air; the liver created blood out of nutrients and organs consumed it – English physician William Harvey (1578–1657) did experimentation on circulation in snakes; birth of experimental physiology – After microscope was invented, blood and capillaries were discovered by van Leeuwenhoek and Malpighi 20-2 General Anatomy of the Blood Vessels • Expected Learning Outcomes – Describe the structure of a blood vessel. – Describe the different types of arteries, capillaries, and veins. – Trace the general route usually taken by the blood from the heart and back again. – Describe some variations on this route. 20-3 General Anatomy of the Blood Vessels Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Capillaries Artery: Tunica interna Tunica media Tunica externa Nerve Vein Figure 20.1a (a) 1 mm © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc./Dennis Strete, photographer • Arteries carry blood away from heart • Veins -
The Circulatory System
TheThe CirculatoryCirculatory SystemSystem Xue Hui DepartmentDepartment ofof HistologyHistology && EmbryologyEmbryology TheThe CirculatoryCirculatory SystemSystem Cardiovascular system (blood vascular system) Heart Artery Capillary Vein Lymphatic vascular system Lymphatic capillary Lymphatic vessel Lymphatic duct II GeneralGeneral structurestructure ofof thethe bloodblood vesselsvessels Tunica intima Tunica media Tunica adventitia Drawing of a medium-sized muscular artery, showing its layers. II GeneralGeneral structurestructure ofof thethe bloodblood vesselsvessels IIII ArteryArtery Large artery Medium-sized artery Small artery Arteriole II Artery LargeLarge arteryartery Structure Tunica intima Tunica media 40-70 layers of elastic lamina Smooth muscle cells, collagenous fibers Tunica adventitia Function Carry the blood from the heart to the middle arteries Tunica Tunica intima intima Tunica Tunica media media Tunica Tunica adventitia adventitia Transverse sections showing part of a large elastic artery showing a well developed tunica media containing several elastic laminas. II Artery MediumMedium--sizedsized arteryartery Structure Tunica intima: clear internal elastic membrane Tunica media: 10-40 layers of smooth muscle cells Tunica adventitia: external elastic membrane Function Regulate the distribution of the blood to various parts of the body Tunica Internal intima elastic membrane Tunica media External elastic membrane Tunica adventitia II Artery SmallSmall arteryartery Structure characteristic Diameter:0.3-1mm Tunica intima: clear -
Anatomy Review: Blood Vessel Structure & Function
Anatomy Review: Blood Vessel Structure & Function Graphics are used with permission of: Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings (http://www.aw-bc.com) Page 1. Introduction • The blood vessels of the body form a closed delivery system that begins and ends at the heart. Page 2. Goals • To describe the general structure of blood vessel walls. • To compare and contrast the types of blood vessels. • To relate the blood pressure in the various parts of the vascular system to differences in blood vessel structure. Page 3. General Structure of Blood Vessel Walls • All blood vessels, except the very smallest, have three distinct layers or tunics. The tunics surround the central blood-containing space - the lumen. 1. Tunica Intima (Tunica Interna) - The innermost tunic. It is in intimate contact with the blood in the lumen. It includes the endothelium that lines the lumen of all vessels, forming a smooth, friction reducing lining. 2. Tunica Media - The middle layer. Consists mostly of circularly-arranged smooth muscle cells and sheets of elastin. The muscle cells contract and relax, whereas the elastin allows vessels to stretch and recoil. 3. Tunica Adventitia (Tunica Externa) - The outermost layer. Composed of loosely woven collagen fibers that protect the blood vessel and anchor it to surrounding structures. Page 4. Comparison of Arteries, Capillaries, and Veins • Let's compare and contrast the three types of blood vessels: arteries, capillaries, and veins. • Label the artery, capillary and vein. Also label the layers of each. • Arteries are vessels that transport blood away from the heart. Because they are exposed to the highest pressures of any vessels, they have the thickest tunica media. -
Blood Vessels: Part A
Chapter 19 The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels: Part A Blood Vessels • Delivery system of dynamic structures that begins and ends at heart – Arteries: carry blood away from heart; oxygenated except for pulmonary circulation and umbilical vessels of fetus – Capillaries: contact tissue cells; directly serve cellular needs – Veins: carry blood toward heart Structure of Blood Vessel Walls • Lumen – Central blood-containing space • Three wall layers in arteries and veins – Tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica externa • Capillaries – Endothelium with sparse basal lamina Tunics • Tunica intima – Endothelium lines lumen of all vessels • Continuous with endocardium • Slick surface reduces friction – Subendothelial layer in vessels larger than 1 mm; connective tissue basement membrane Tunics • Tunica media – Smooth muscle and sheets of elastin – Sympathetic vasomotor nerve fibers control vasoconstriction and vasodilation of vessels • Influence blood flow and blood pressure Tunics • Tunica externa (tunica adventitia) – Collagen fibers protect and reinforce; anchor to surrounding structures – Contains nerve fibers, lymphatic vessels – Vasa vasorum of larger vessels nourishes external layer Blood Vessels • Vessels vary in length, diameter, wall thickness, tissue makeup • See figure 19.2 for interaction with lymphatic vessels Arterial System: Elastic Arteries • Large thick-walled arteries with elastin in all three tunics • Aorta and its major branches • Large lumen offers low resistance • Inactive in vasoconstriction • Act as pressure reservoirs—expand -
BIO 2402 Resource 8
BIO 2402 — Human Anatomy & Physiology Week 8: March 7-13 This week we will be covering the last chapter of the cardiovascular system about blood vessels. You should be able to know the different types of blood vessels, the factors that influence blood pressure, and the difference between baroreceptors and chemoreceptors. Remember that the Tutoring Center offers free individual and group tutoring for this class. Our Group Tutoring sessions will be every Wednesday from 6:00-7:00 PM CST. You can reserve a spot at https://baylor.edu/tutoring. KEY TERM: Vasoconstrictor, Vasodilator, Elastic Artery, Fenestrated Capillary, Vasomotor Center Blood vessel tunics & tissues Arteries Elastic/conducting: large diameter, thick walls, elastic tissue Aorta, brachiocephalic, common carotids, subclavian, common iliac Muscular/distributing: trans. blood to arterioles, thickest tunica media, less elastic tissue Brachials, mesenterics, femorals, tibials Arterioles: only smooth muscle & endothelium Metarterioles: smaller arterioles, precapillary sphincters regulate blood flow into the capillaries. Capillaries Fenestrated: small pores that material can pass through Sinusoids: type of fenestrated capillary in the liver, spleen, pancreas, and bone marrow Continuous: more common, lacks fenestrations All of these arteries and veins can be visualized using the diagram above. Blood pressures For blood pressure we will focus on capillary dynamics and factors affecting vessel diameter. All images are taken from Dr. Taylor’s textbook Vasoconstrictors & vasodilators are factors -
Vocabulario De Morfoloxía, Anatomía E Citoloxía Veterinaria
Vocabulario de Morfoloxía, anatomía e citoloxía veterinaria (galego-español-inglés) Servizo de Normalización Lingüística Universidade de Santiago de Compostela COLECCIÓN VOCABULARIOS TEMÁTICOS N.º 4 SERVIZO DE NORMALIZACIÓN LINGÜÍSTICA Vocabulario de Morfoloxía, anatomía e citoloxía veterinaria (galego-español-inglés) 2008 UNIVERSIDADE DE SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA VOCABULARIO de morfoloxía, anatomía e citoloxía veterinaria : (galego-español- inglés) / coordinador Xusto A. Rodríguez Río, Servizo de Normalización Lingüística ; autores Matilde Lombardero Fernández ... [et al.]. – Santiago de Compostela : Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Servizo de Publicacións e Intercambio Científico, 2008. – 369 p. ; 21 cm. – (Vocabularios temáticos ; 4). - D.L. C 2458-2008. – ISBN 978-84-9887-018-3 1.Medicina �������������������������������������������������������������������������veterinaria-Diccionarios�������������������������������������������������. 2.Galego (Lingua)-Glosarios, vocabularios, etc. políglotas. I.Lombardero Fernández, Matilde. II.Rodríguez Rio, Xusto A. coord. III. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Servizo de Normalización Lingüística, coord. IV.Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Servizo de Publicacións e Intercambio Científico, ed. V.Serie. 591.4(038)=699=60=20 Coordinador Xusto A. Rodríguez Río (Área de Terminoloxía. Servizo de Normalización Lingüística. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela) Autoras/res Matilde Lombardero Fernández (doutora en Veterinaria e profesora do Departamento de Anatomía e Produción Animal. -
Blood and Lymph Vascular Systems
BLOOD AND LYMPH VASCULAR SYSTEMS BLOOD TRANSFUSIONS Objectives Functions of vessels Layers in vascular walls Classification of vessels Components of vascular walls Control of blood flow in microvasculature Variation in microvasculature Blood barriers Lymphatic system Introduction Multicellular Organisms Need 3 Mechanisms --------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Distribute oxygen, nutrients, and hormones CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM 2. Collect waste 3. Transport waste to excretory organs CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Cardiovascular System Component function Heart - Produce blood pressure (systole) Elastic arteries - Conduct blood and maintain pressure during diastole Muscular arteries - Distribute blood, maintain pressure Arterioles - Peripheral resistance and distribute blood Capillaries - Exchange nutrients and waste Venules - Collect blood from capillaries (Edema) Veins - Transmit blood to large veins Reservoir Larger veins - receive lymph and return blood to Heart, blood reservoir Cardiovascular System Heart produces blood pressure (systole) ARTERIOLES – PERIPHERAL RESISTANCE Vessels are structurally adapted to physical and metabolic requirements. Vessels are structurally adapted to physical and metabolic requirements. Cardiovascular System Elastic arteries- conduct blood and maintain pressure during diastole Cardiovascular System Muscular Arteries - distribute blood, maintain pressure Arterioles - peripheral resistance and distribute blood Capillaries - exchange nutrients and waste Venules - collect blood from capillaries -
Microscopic Anatomy of the Human Vertebro-Basilar System
MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY OF THE HUMAN VERTEBRO-BASILAR SYSTEM RENATO P. CHOPARD * — GUILHERME DE ARAÚJO LUCAS * ADRIANA LAUDANA* SUMMARY — Concerning the structure of connective-muscular components the authors stu died the walls of the terminal segments of the vertebral arteries as well as the basilar artery, utilizing the following staining methods: Azan modified by Heideinheim, Weigert's resor-¬ cin-fuchsin, and Weigert modified by van Gieson. It was established that wall of the verte-¬ bro-basilar system exhibits a mixed structure, muscular and elastic, by means of which the vessels are adjusted to the specific blood circulation conditions. Thus, vertebral arteries show in the most external layer of tunica media an evident external elastic lamina. In contrast, in the basilar artery the elastic tissue is localized mainly in the tunica media, and is distributed heterogeneously. In its caudal segment the elastic fibers are situated in the most internal layer of tunica media, and in the cranial segment the elastic component is homogenously distributed in the whole of tunica media. Anatomia microscópica do sistema, vértebro basilar no homem. RESUMO — Os autores estudam a disposição dos componentes fibromusculare» da parede das artérias vertebrais em seus segmentos terminais e a artéria basilar, usando os seguintes métodos de coloração: Azan modificado por Heidenheim, resorcina-fucsina de Weigert e Weigert modificado por van Gieson. O sistema vértebro-basilar apresentou em sua parede estrutura mista, muscular e elástica, pela qual os vasos se adaptam às condições circulató rias especificas daquela região. Besta forma, ias artérias vertebrais apresentam na camada mais externa da túnica média uma lâmina elástica limitante externa evidente, ao contrário do encontrado na artéria basilar. -
Blood Vessels
BLOOD VESSELS Blood vessels are how blood travels through the body. Whole blood is a fluid made up of red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), platelets (thrombocytes), and plasma. It supplies the body with oxygen. SUPERIOR AORTA (AORTIC ARCH) VEINS & VENA CAVA ARTERIES There are two basic types of blood vessels: veins and arteries. Veins carry blood back to the heart and arteries carry blood from the heart out to the rest of the body. Factoid! The smallest blood vessel is five micrometers wide. To put into perspective how small that is, a strand of hair is 17 micrometers wide! 2 BASIC (ARTERY) BLOOD VESSEL TUNICA EXTERNA TUNICA MEDIA (ELASTIC MEMBRANE) STRUCTURE TUNICA MEDIA (SMOOTH MUSCLE) Blood vessels have walls composed of TUNICA INTIMA three layers. (SUBENDOTHELIAL LAYER) The tunica externa is the outermost layer, primarily composed of stretchy collagen fibers. It also contains nerves. The tunica media is the middle layer. It contains smooth muscle and elastic fiber. TUNICA INTIMA (ELASTIC The tunica intima is the innermost layer. MEMBRANE) It contains endothelial cells, which TUNICA INTIMA manage substances passing in and out (ENDOTHELIUM) of the bloodstream. 3 VEINS Blood carries CO2 and waste into venules (super tiny veins). The venules empty into larger veins and these eventually empty into the heart. The walls of veins are not as thick as those of arteries. Some veins have flaps of tissue called valves in order to prevent backflow. Factoid! Valves are found mainly in veins of the limbs where gravity and blood pressure VALVE combine to make venous return more 4 difficult. -
Nomina Histologica Veterinaria, First Edition
NOMINA HISTOLOGICA VETERINARIA Submitted by the International Committee on Veterinary Histological Nomenclature (ICVHN) to the World Association of Veterinary Anatomists Published on the website of the World Association of Veterinary Anatomists www.wava-amav.org 2017 CONTENTS Introduction i Principles of term construction in N.H.V. iii Cytologia – Cytology 1 Textus epithelialis – Epithelial tissue 10 Textus connectivus – Connective tissue 13 Sanguis et Lympha – Blood and Lymph 17 Textus muscularis – Muscle tissue 19 Textus nervosus – Nerve tissue 20 Splanchnologia – Viscera 23 Systema digestorium – Digestive system 24 Systema respiratorium – Respiratory system 32 Systema urinarium – Urinary system 35 Organa genitalia masculina – Male genital system 38 Organa genitalia feminina – Female genital system 42 Systema endocrinum – Endocrine system 45 Systema cardiovasculare et lymphaticum [Angiologia] – Cardiovascular and lymphatic system 47 Systema nervosum – Nervous system 52 Receptores sensorii et Organa sensuum – Sensory receptors and Sense organs 58 Integumentum – Integument 64 INTRODUCTION The preparations leading to the publication of the present first edition of the Nomina Histologica Veterinaria has a long history spanning more than 50 years. Under the auspices of the World Association of Veterinary Anatomists (W.A.V.A.), the International Committee on Veterinary Anatomical Nomenclature (I.C.V.A.N.) appointed in Giessen, 1965, a Subcommittee on Histology and Embryology which started a working relation with the Subcommittee on Histology of the former International Anatomical Nomenclature Committee. In Mexico City, 1971, this Subcommittee presented a document entitled Nomina Histologica Veterinaria: A Working Draft as a basis for the continued work of the newly-appointed Subcommittee on Histological Nomenclature. This resulted in the editing of the Nomina Histologica Veterinaria: A Working Draft II (Toulouse, 1974), followed by preparations for publication of a Nomina Histologica Veterinaria. -
Blood Vessels
10/1/2010 Objectives Overview of the vessels. Human Anatomy & Define the different type of blood vessels. Physiology BI 233 --ArteriesArteries --VeinsVeins Course Intro --CapillariesCapillaries Identify the tissue layers of blood vessels. Distinguish the different forms of arteries, veins and capillaries. Homework Preparations Function of the Blood Vessels Cardiac Flow in HW section (diagram) Transport blood to and from the heart. Need colored pencils or marker Due Wed I. Arteries deliver oxygenated blood to tissues. HW #1 Artery Labeling II Veins carry deoxygenated blood to the Due in lab (Thursday) heart. III Capillaries are the site of gas exchange for internal respiration. Venous system Arterial system Tunica intima Large veins Heart (capacitance • Endothelium Valve • Subendothelial layer vessels) Elastic arteries Large (conducting Internal elastic lamina lymphatic vessels) Tunica media vessels (smooth muscle and Lymph elastic fibers) node Muscular arteries (distributing External elastic lamina Lymphatic system vessels) Tunica externa Small veins (collagen fibers) Arteriovenous (capacitance anastomosis vessels) Lymphatic Sinusoid capillary Lumen Arterioles Lumen Capillary Vein (resistance vessels) Artery network Postcapillary Terminal arteriole Basement membrane venule Metarteriole Endothelial cells Thoroughfare Capillaries Precapillary sphincter channel (exchange vessels) (b) Capillary Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 1 10/1/2010 Tissue Layers of Vessels Tissue Layers of Vessels -
The Circulatory System
The Circulatory System Lec.10 Histology 1 The Circulatory System includes both 1. blood vascular system 2. lymphatic vascular system 2 blood vascular system 1. The heart, an organ whose function is to pump the blood. 2. The arteries, a series of efferent vessels that become smaller as they branch, and whose function is to carry the blood, with its nutrients and oxygen, to the tissues. 3. The capillaries, the smallest blood vessels, constituting a complex network of thin tubules that branch profusely in almost every organ and through whose walls the interchange between blood and tissues takes place. 4. The veins, which result from the convergence of capillaries into a system of larger channels that continue enlarging as they approach the heart, toward which they convey the blood to be pumped again. 3 The lymphatic vascular system • The lymphatic vascular system, begins with the lymphatic capillaries, which are closed-ended tubules that merge to form vessels of steadily increasing size; these vessels terminate in the blood vascular system emptying into the large veins near the heart. • One of the functions of the lymphatic system is to return the fluid of the tissue spaces to the blood. • The internal surface of all components of the blood and lymphatic systems is lined by a single layer of a squamous epithelium, called endothelium. 4 Heart • The heart is a muscular organ that contracts rhythmically, pumping the blood through the circulatory system . • The right and left ventricles pump blood to the lungs and the rest of the body respectively; right and left atria receive blood from the body and the pulmonary veins respectively.