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A Tanatopoética De Sarah Kane: Escritos Para a Morte

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A Tanatopoética De Sarah Kane: Escritos Para a Morte 0 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO NORTE CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS, LETRAS E ARTES PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ESTUDOS DA LINGUAGEM RUMMENIGGE MEDEIROS DE ARAÚJO A Tanatopoética de Sarah Kane: escritos para a morte Natal/RN 2016 1 RUMMENIGGE MEDEIROS DE ARAÚJO A Tanatopoética de Sarah Kane: escritos para a morte Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Estudos da Linguagem da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Linha de Pesquisa: Poéticas da Modernidade e da Pós-Modernidade como requisito parcial para a obtenção do grau de Doutor em Literatura Comparada. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Alex Beigui de Paiva Cavalcante Natal/RN 2016 2 Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN Sistema de Bibliotecas - SISBI Catalogação de Publicação na Fonte. UFRN - Biblioteca Setorial do Centro de Ciências Humanas, Letras e Artes - CCHLA Araujo, Rummenigge Medeiros de. A tanatopoética de Sarah Kane: escritos para a morte / Rummenigge Medeiros de Araujo. - 2016. 298f.: il. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Ciências Humanas, Letras e Artes. Programa de Pós- graduação em Estudos da Linguagem. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Alex Beigui de Paiva Cavalcante. 1. Literatura inglesa. 2. Kane, Sarah, 1971-1999. 3. Tanatopoética. 4. Escrita performática. I. Cavalcante, Alex Beigui de Paiva. II. Título. RN/UF/BS-CCHLA CDU 821.111-1 3 RUMMENIGGE MEDEIROS DE ARAÚJO A Tanatopoética de Sarah Kane: escritos para a morte Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Estudos da Linguagem, no Centro de Ciências Humanas, Letras e Artes da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, como requisito parcial para a obtenção do grau de Doutor (a) em Literatura Comparada. Banca Examinadora: _________________________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Alex Beigui de Paiva Cavalcante Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte Orientador ______________________________________________________________________ Profa. Dra. Ana Graça Canan Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte Avaliador ________________________________________________________________ Profa. Dr. Bruce Stewart Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte Avaliador ______________________________________________________________________ Profa. Dra. Moama Lorena de Lacerda Marques Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Norte Avaliadora ___________________________________________________________________ Profa. Dra. Lígia Mychelle de Melo Silva Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Norte Avaliadora 4 Dedico esse trabalho aos meus mortos, os fantasmas que não me deixam um só instante. 5 AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço ao meu orientador, Alex Beigui, por acreditar no meu projeto, por me orientar esses quatro anos e ter contribuído com a minha formação para além da sala de aula. À Maria Helena Braga e Vaz da Costa, por seu exemplo como profissional, apoio e incentivo ao longo desta escrita e jornada, e por ter acreditado e continuado a acreditar em mim nesses treze anos. À Rebeka Caroça, pelo companheirismo na vida acadêmica, artística, profissional e pela extensão desse carinho e parceria para além dessas fronteiras. À Lígia Mychelle de Melo Silva e a Moama Marques por terem estado presentes desde as primeiras escritas até a fase final, sempre com muita generosidade, carinho e atenção. Suas contribuições e observações foram determinantes para o desenvolvimento desta tese. À minha irmã Sandra Geruza Melo, por simplesmente ser quem é na minha vida, por me motivar neste trabalho e por fazer questão de acompanhar o meu percurso, mesmo não entendendo direito sobre o que se tratava. Ao meu sobrinho Matheus Araújo Mafra, pelo olhar carinhoso, crítico, criterioso e cuidadoso do meu trabalho, e para com as minhas ideias de tradução. A minha diretora acadêmica Gilmara Azevedo, por ter carinhosamente me dispensado das minhas atividades na Instituição após uma longa trajetória de tentativas sem sucesso. A minha companheira, Camila Silva, pelo apoio incondicional, compreensão, carinho e valoroso auxílio durante toda a jornada que foi a realização deste trabalho. Esse é o momento em que as palavras se tornam incapazes e insuficientes de lhe dizer ou de traduzir o tamanho da sua importância para esse trabalho. Aos meus alunos, que me desafiam todos os dias a dar o melhor de mim, e fazê-lo com paixão, dedicação e compromisso. 6 “Uma consciência consolidada reside num salão de banquete escurecido perto do teto de uma mente cujo chão se move como dez mil baratas quando um feixe de luz penetra como todos os pensamentos se unem num instante de harmonia corpo não mais repelente como as baratas contém uma verdade que ninguém nunca fala”. (SARAH KANE) 7 RESUMO Esta pesquisa é o resultado de uma reflexão teórico-analítica sobre a obra dramatúrgica da escritora inglesa Sarah Kane. Na maneira como ela estrutura e articula um incessante diálogo, em sua escritura, com os mortos (a tradição dramatúrgica), sobre os mortos (as diferentes ideias e noções de morte na vida urbana) e para os que vão morrer, nesse caso, a sua própria pessoa em forma de registro autobiográfico. O trabalho se detém, especificamente, na análise dos seus três últimos trabalhos: Cleansed (Purificados, 1998), Crave (Ânsia, 1998) e 4.48 Psychosis (Psicose 4:48, 2000). Levando em consideração o desenvolvimento dos elementos e noções que constroem o conceito de Tanatopoética. Dessa maneira, são de interesse particular para esse trabalho as noções de escritura e escrita performática para análise e contextualização da obra da dramaturga na história teatral, uma vez que essas noções permitem compreender e abordar a obra a partir do viés performativo. Este trabalho identifica, constrói e investe ainda, na noção de personagem golem como um dispositivo de duplo ou sombra para discutir e inscrever questões do universo íntimo de sua autora. Para a discussão dessas noções foram fundamentais as ideias de Gilles Deleuze, Jacques Derrida, Roland Barthes, Alex Beigui, Diana Klinger e Gershom Scholem. O estudo sobre a morte e a fenomenologia tanatológica foi conduzido a partir da análise das escrituras, na sua abordagem direta ao tema, ou por meio das referências, citações e metáforas utilizadas pela autora para elaborar a sua poética da morte, ou tanatopoética. Para isso levaram-se em consideração as ideias de Edgar Morin, Emmanuel Levinas, Martin Heidegger, Arthur Schopenhauer, Heiner Müller, Vladimir Safatle, entre outros. Kane aparece neste trabalho como autora que se mostra tributária à linhagem histórica do Teatro do Absurdo, sem reconhecer ou assumir oficialmente sua filiação, mas transcendendo a ela na superação daquele que foi o seu maior intento; a recusa ao nome, a aniquilação e a fuga da linguagem teatral. Palavras-chave: Sarah Kane; Escrita Performática; Personagem Golem; Tanatopoética. 8 ABSTRACT This research is the outcome of a theoretical-analytical consideration about the dramaturgical works of the british playwright Sarah Kane. About the way she structures and articulate an unceasing dialogue in her writings with the dead (the dramaturgical tradition); about the dead (the different ideas and notions about death in the urban life); and with the ones that are going to die, i.e. herself in autobiographical registers. The work focuses, specifically, at the analysis of her three last plays: Cleansed (1998), Crave (1998), and 4.48 Psychosis (2000), taking into consideration the development of the notions and elements that build the Thanatopoetic concept. The particular interests of this work are the notions of writing and performative writing applied to the analysis and contextualization of Kane’s work at the theatre history, since those notions allow the comprehension and approach of the plays through a performative bias. This work also identifies, develops and invests the notion of the ‘Golem’ character as a dual or shadow device, to discuss and enroll matters from the playwright’s intimate universe. For the discussion of these notions, the author uses ideas from Gilles Deleuze, Jacques Derrida, Roland Barthes, Alex Beigui, Diana Klinger and Gershom Scholem. The study about death and the thanatological phenomenology will be conducted with the analysis of the writings, in its direct theme approach, or through references, quotations and metaphors used by the playwright to elaborate her ‘Death poetic’, or Thanatopoetic. For that, the author takes into consideration the works of Edgar Morin, Emmanuel Levinas, Martin Heidegger, Arthur Schopenhauer, Heiner Müller, Vladimir Safatle, among others. This work also identifies in Kane an author that pays tribute to the historical lineage of the Absurd theatre, without officially recognizing or assuming such affiliation, but instead transcending it with the overcoming of what was her biggest intent; the annihilation of and escape from the theatrical language. Keywords: Sarah Kane, Performative Writing, Golem character, Thanatopoetic. 9 RÉSUMÉ Cette recherche est le resultat d’une reflexion théorico-alanytique sur l’oeuvre dramaturgique de l’ecrivaine englaise Sarah Kane. Sur la façon comment elle structure et articule un incessant dialogue, lors de son écriture, avec les morts (la tradition dramaturgique), sur les morts (les différentes idées et notions de mort dans la vie urbaine) et pour ceux qui mourront, dans ce cas- là, elle-même comme un rapport auto-biographique. Le travail étudie, espécifiquement, les les trois prémières oeuvres de l’auteure: Cleansed (Purifiés, 1998), Crave (Manque, 1998) et 4.48 Psychosis
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