Aquifers of Arkansas Protection, Management, and Hydrologic and Water-Quality Characteristics of Arkansas’ Groundwater

Arkansas Water Plan Update

D. Todd Fugitt, RPG Geology Supervisor, ANRC

Jim Battreal, RPG Senior Geologist, ANRC

Timothy M. Kresse and Phil Hays USGS Arkansas Water Science Center Todd Fugitt, Arkansas Natural Resources Commission

•Sustainable Yield – Development and use of ground water resources in a manner that can be maintained for an indefinite time without causing unacceptable environmental, economic, or social consequences. (Alley & Leake, USGS, 2004) Physiographic Regions of Arkansas

Legend Fall Line c=J Coun~Boundaries Legend LJ County Boundaries • Crowleys Ridge --Fall line ~ Alluvial Aquifers

- Nacatoch Sand Ozark Aquifer - Wilcox Aquifer

- Sparta/ Memphis Aquifer s - Cockfield Aquifer

25 50 The Sixteen Aquifers of Arkansas

~\ ~------) \ '--- ~ I - ,~ .r 1 I I \ INTERIOR HIGHLANDS i I ~ I I f I COASTAL PLAIN ri I .,if l_, ~6 Il ______si'

l;'OO' EXPLANATION

Undifferentiated formations

Coastal Plain aquifer system, D Coastal Plain alluvial aquifers. [·;<:•.·.! Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer ~ ::::::.: ] Ouachita-Saline River alluvial aquifer

f·:·<·:c/.'1 Red River alluvial aquifer

Jackson Group confining unit Wilcox aquifer

Cockfield aquifer Nacatoch aquifer -Sparta aquijer -Ozan aquifer -Cane River aquifer -Tokio aquifer -Carrizo aquifer -Trinity aquifer -Interior Highlands aquifer system, - D- Ozark aquifer - D Springfield Plateau aquifer

- Western Interior Plains confining system

- Arkansas River alluvial aquifer

- Oua chita Mountains aquifer system

20 II! MILES Base from U S. Geological Survey d1g1tal data, HydrogeologiC data modified from Boswell. 1965. Hosman and others. 1$8; U01versal Transverse Mecator proJection, 15 North r---.-~-.-----L--~------~ 20 40 Ill KILOMETERS Hosman. 1982; Petersen and others. 1~5. Payne. 1968; Hosman. 1988; North Amencan Datum, 1983 Haley ard others, t993 Location, Age, Use, Aquifer Codes, and Number of Water-Quality Sites

Major Division Province Section Formation or Geologic Age Hydrogeologic Unit Aquifer Code Aquifer Use1 Water-Quality Group of Name Sites Formations 110ALVM, 112ALVM Mississippi River Valley, Ouachita- 112VLTR, 112TRRC Coastal Plain Alluvium Quaternary Saline, and Red River alluvial IR, ps, in 4,061 aquifers 124JCKS Jackson Group Tertiary Vicksburg-Jackson confining unit D 68

124CCKF Cockfield Formation Tertiary Cockfield aquifer IN, IR, ps 257 Mississippi Alluvial Plain 12405MP, 124SPRT, and West Gulf Coastal Sparta Sand Tertiary Sparta aquifer IR, PS, IN 1,626 124MMPS Plain 124CRVR, 124CANR Atlantic Plain Coastal Plain Cane River Formation Tertiary Cane River aquifer PS, d 45

Carrizo Sand Tertiary Carrizo aquifer 124CRRZ D 12 124WLCX, 124WLCXG Wilcox Group Tertiary Wilcox aquifer PS, ir, in 170

Nacatoch Sand Cretaceous Nacatoch aquifer 211NCTC PS 143 Ozan Formation Cretaceous Ozan aquifer 212OZAN D 14 212TOKO West Gulf Coastal Plain Tokio Formation Cretaceous Tokio aquifer PS, in 165

Trinity Group Cretaceous Trinity aquifer 218TRNT PS, in 38 110ALVM, 110TRRC Arkansas River Valley Arkansas River Valley alluvial 112TRRC Arkansas Valley Quaternary PS, IR, d 680 Alluvium aquifer

325HRSR, 325MCAL Ouachita 326ATOK, 328JKFK Province 330ARKS, 330HSPG Collier Shale through 330STNL, 350MSRM Ouachita Mountains Cambrian through Pennsylvanian Ouachita Mountains aquifer D 162 Boggy Formation4 361PKCK, 364BGFK

325HRSR, 325MCAL 326ATKN, 326ATOK 328BLYD, 328CNHL Interior Highlands 328JKFK, 3331BSVL Moorefield Formation Western Interior Plains Confining 331MFLD, 331PTKN Boston Mountains through McAlester Mississippian and Pennsylvanian D 287 System Formation2

Ozark Plateaus Boone Formation Mississippian Springfield Plateau aquifer 330BOON D, ps 95

361FRVL, 364EVRN 364JCHM, 364STPR Springfield-Salem Van Buren Formation 367CTJF, 367CTTR Plateaus through Clifty Ordovician through Devonian Ozark aquifer 368PWLL, 371POTS PS, d 131 Limestone3 367RBDX, 367GNTR Critical

Benton Carroll Boone ~

__f \ l--l

Madison Washington South Arkansas Study Area for Sparta in 1996

Grand Prairie Study Area for Sparta & Alluvial in 1998

. L- __j Se b ast 1an Logan ~ c".''.\ T rl-j voll ···~ _flz ;"·~ Scott \~. Montgomery Garland A Polk l TL Hot Spring ---cL

Clark

--'Hempstead

Drew Legend M Crowley's Ridge U Current Study Areas Ashley .. Current Critical 0 15 30 60 90 120 ---==---== ------======-----•Miles Water Supply Planning – Demand and Supply

Capacity reached

Future Baseline Resource Capacity Capacity

Increasing capacity meets needs through Reducing demand 2050 meets needs Forecast Demand Forecast through 2040

2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 Total Demand Projection (Broken line indicates total demand with conservation) 10 EXPLANATION D Mississippi River Valley aquifer aquifer D Vicksburg..Ja<:kSGn confining unit c::::J Upper Claiborne aqu~er c::::J Middle Claiborne conllnlng unit D Middle Claiborne aquller - Lower Claiborne conllnlno unn - Lower Claiborn aquifer - Middle llldlower Wilcox aquifers

Predevelopment EXPLANATION D Mississippi River Yalley aquifer aquifer D Vlcksbura.Jackson confining unit D Upper Claiborne aquifer D Middle Claiborne confining unit D Middle Claiborne aquifer - Lower Claiborne confining unit - Lower Claiborne aquifer - Middle and lower Wilcox aquller1

Postdevelopment Net recharge 567,568

Alluvial aquifer 160,649 Net recharge Streams 63,201 96,826

6051 Tertiary aquifers

Figure 8. Predevelopment groundwater-flow budget of the alluvial and Tertiary systems, in acre-feet per year.

Predevelopment Groundwater Availability of the Mississippi Embayment

Net Streams recharge 697,029 2,513,094

Pumping 19,097,010 Alluvial aquifer ~ I~et recharge t I~treams +401,821 +"·"' 501,682 Tertiary aquifers Pumping .....d•--- --~'~ Net storage loss 1,059,782 1111111111( ~ 126,891

Figure 11. Postdevelopment groundwater-flow budget of the alluvial and Tertia!)' systems in acre-feet per

Postdevelopment Alluvial Aquifer 1--- -,--J Depth to Water 2013, (Feet)

Legend

2 feet - 23 feet - 57 feet - 77 feet - 24 feet - 39 feet - 78 feet - 100 feet - 40 feet- 56 feet - 101 feet- 151 feet c::3 Alluvial Area 0 10 20 40 60 ~====--===:::::.-- Miles Percent of the Alluvia/Aquifer Saturated, Spring 2013

Legend

- 2%-29% - 60%-71% - 30%- 45% - 72%-82% - 46%-59% 83%-100% W Alluvial Area

0 10 20 40 60 -:::::~-======--- M i les Percent of the Alluvia/Aquifer Saturated , Spring 2013 (ft . )

Legend

- 2%-29% - 60%-71% - 30%- 45% - 72%-82% - 46%-59% 83%- 100% (::3 Alluvial Area

0 10 20 40 60 -:::::~-======--- M i les Woodruff

Sparta Aquifer St. Francis Depth to Water 2013, (Feet)

Garland Montgomery

Howard

Miller Chic:ot

Legend

6 feet- 51 feet - 141 feet- 188 feet

- 52 feet- 95 feet - 189 feet - 250 feet 0 5 10 20 30 - 96 feet- 140 feet 251 feet - 390 feet -- Miles M ISSOURI ARKANSAS

36°

TENNESSEE 35° MISSISSIPPI

EXI'LANATION

Ratio of s ustainable g •·ound-water withdrawal rate to 1997 ground water withdrawal rate 0 0 0 0 .0 1 10 0.25 0 0.26 to 0.5 CJ 0 .51 to 0 .75 • 0 .76to 1.0 • Rivercell • Location or hy d raulic-he-.ad binding constrain t

34. NOTE: White areas within model boundary not evalu ated; no pumping in 1997.

10 20 30 40 50 MILES

10 20 30 40 50 KILOMETERS

SaM: from U.S. Ct:n,.us Tiger/line fi l e~. 2003

Figure 2. Optimized ground-water withdrawal rates and binding-constraint locations for scenario 1 (baseline}, maximum withdrawal ratio of 1.0. QUESTIONS?