Cultural Resource Reports
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City of Fairfield - Hawthorne Mill Project Draft EIR/EIS Appendix D: Cultural Resource Reports Michael Brandman Associates H:\Client (PN-JN)\2097\20970002\4 - DEIR\20970002_Sec99-00 Appendix Dividers.doc City of Fairfield - Hawthorne Mill Project Draft EIR/EIS D.1 - Section 106 Cultural Resources Assessment Michael Brandman Associates H:\Client (PN-JN)\2097\20970002\4 - DEIR\20970002_Sec99-00 Appendix Dividers.doc Section 106 Cultural Resources Assessment Hawthorne Mill Project City of Fairfield, County of Solano, California Elmira, California, USGS 7.5-minute Topographic Quadrangle Map Section 16, Township 5 North, Range 1 West Prepared for: City of Fairfield 1000 Webster Street Fairfield, CA 94533-4883 707.428.7448 Contact: David Feinstein Senior Planner Prepared by: Michael Brandman Associates 2633 Camino Ramon, Suite 460 San Ramon, CA 94583 925.830.2733 Author: Carrie D. Wills, M.A., RPA, Senior Project Archaeologist June 30, 2009 Keywords: Cement Hill Road, Peabody Road, City of Fairfield, Solano County Elmira, California, USGS 7.5-minute Topographic Quadrangle Map City of Fairfield - Hawthorne Mill Project Section 106 Cultural Resources Assessment Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS Management Summary......................................................................................................... 1 Section 1: Introduction.........................................................................................................5 1.1 - Project Location .................................................................................................. 5 1.2 - Project Description.............................................................................................. 6 1.3 - Existing Conditions.............................................................................................. 6 1.4 - Area of Potential Effect (APE)............................................................................. 9 Section 2: Cultural Setting ................................................................................................. 10 2.1 - Prehistoric Background ..................................................................................... 10 2.1.1 - Windmiller Pattern or Early Horizon (3000 to 1000 B.C.)................... 11 2.1.2 - Berkeley Pattern or Middle Horizon (1000 B.C. to A.D. 500) ............. 11 2.1.3 - Augustine Pattern or Late Horizon (A.D. 500 to Historic Period) ....... 12 2.1.4 - Regional Investigations ...................................................................... 12 2.2 - Native American Background............................................................................ 13 2.3 - Historic Background .......................................................................................... 14 2.3.1 - Spanish and Mexican California......................................................... 14 2.3.2 - California Gold Rush .......................................................................... 14 2.3.3 - Solano County.................................................................................... 15 Section 3: Regulatory Background and Research Goals................................................ 16 3.1 - Regulatory Background..................................................................................... 16 3.2 - Thresholds of Significance................................................................................ 17 3.2.1 - Federal Criteria of Adverse Effects .................................................... 17 3.2.2 - If Adverse Effects Are Found ............................................................. 18 Section 4: Results............................................................................................................... 19 4.1 - Records Search ................................................................................................ 19 4.1.1 - Northwest Information Center (NWIC) Record Search ...................... 19 4.1.2 - Native American Heritage Commission Record Search..................... 26 4.2 - Pedestrian Survey............................................................................................. 27 4.2.1 - Background ........................................................................................ 27 4.2.2 - Field Survey Results .......................................................................... 27 Section 5: Summary, Recommendations, Inadvertent discoveries ............................... 32 5.1 - Summary........................................................................................................... 32 5.2 - Recommendations ............................................................................................ 32 5.3 - Inadvertent Discovery Procedures .................................................................... 32 5.3.1 - Accidental Discovery of Human Remains .......................................... 32 5.3.2 - Accidental Discovery of Cultural Resources ...................................... 33 5.3.3 - Accidental Discovery of Paleontological Resources .......................... 34 Section 6: References......................................................................................................... 35 Appendix A: Cultural Resources Correspondence A-1: Information Center Records Search Response A-2: Native American Heritage Commission Response and Representative Letter A-3: Second Native American Information Request Representative Letter and Response Appendix B: Personnel Qualifications Michael Brandman Associates ii H:\Client (PN-JN)\2097\20970002\Section 106 CRA\20970002_Section 106 CRA.doc City of Fairfield - Hawthorne Mill Project Section 106 Cultural Resources Assessment Table of Contents Appendix C: Regulatory Framework Appendix D: Project Area Photographs Appendix E: DPR Forms Appendix F: Holman and Associates 2005 Report LIST OF EXHIBITS Exhibit 1: Project Area of Potential Effects Map...................................................................... 2 Exhibit 2: Local Vicinity Map Topographic Base ..................................................................... 7 Exhibit 3: Local Vicinity Map Aerial Base................................................................................ 8 Exhibit 4: 1853 GLO Plat Map............................................................................................... 20 Exhibit 5: 1872 Map of Solano County.................................................................................. 21 Exhibit 6: 1877 Map of Solano County.................................................................................. 22 Exhibit 7: USGS 1908 Vacaville 15-Minute Topographic Map.............................................. 23 Exhibit 8: USGS 1918 Fairfield South 7.5-Minute Topographic Map .................................... 24 Exhibit 9: 1941 USACE Tactical Map Vacaville Quad, Grid Zone “G” .................................. 25 Michael Brandman Associates iii H:\Client (PN-JN)\2097\20970002\Section 106 CRA\20970002_Section 106 CRA.doc City of Fairfield - Hawthorne Mill Project Section 106 Cultural Resources Assessment Management Summary MANAGEMENT SUMMARY At the request of the City of Fairfield, Michael Brandman Associates (MBA) conducted a cultural resource investigation that included record search reviews and a field survey of the proposed Hawthorne Mill Project (project) Area of Potential Effect (APE), located within the City of Fairfield in Solano County, California (Exhibit 1). The project site encompasses approximately 411 acres of a 453.8-acre site located in the northwest portion of the City of Fairfield, within the city limits. The 453.8-acre site is an irregular polygon located approximately three miles east of Interstate 80, north of Airbase Parkway, south of Cement Hill Road and west of Peabody Road. The Union Pacific Railroad tracks form the southern border of the project site. The site is bisected by McCoy Creek and surrounds the McCoy Basin. The McCoy Basin is situated near the southwestern corner of the property and is owned by the Bureau of Reclamation and managed by the Solano County Irrigation District. It encompasses 42 acres that lie within the project’s boundaries but which will not be developed as part of this project. Since the proposed project would affect the waters of the United States, the project proponent must meet the requirements of Section 404 of the Clean Water Act and therefore, is seeking a permit from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The purpose of this report is to document the presence/absence of any potentially significant cultural resources located within the project’s Area of Potential Effect (APE), and, if significant resources would be affected by the proposed project, to propose recommendations to mitigate the effects, which might include a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) or other protective measures. Completion of this investigation fulfills the protocols associated with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA). The APE for the proposed project consists of the areas and resources that could potentially be directly or indirectly affected by the proposed project. As the project is located within a partially developed area, the APE was determined to consist of the 411-acre project area. A records search was conducted by staff at the Northwest Information Center (NWIC), Rohnert Park, on March 10, 2009. To identify any historic properties or resources, the current inventories of the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP), the California Register of Historical Resources