Unit V – Problem 6 – Histology: Large Intestine and Appendix

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Unit V – Problem 6 – Histology: Large Intestine and Appendix - Colon: The colon has no villi. The epithelium is simple columnar with numerous goblet cells. In the lamina propria are found deep intestinal glands, blood vessels and lymphatic nodules. The muscularis mucosae is present. In the submucosa are blood vessels, submucosal plexuses & some lymphatic nodules. The muscularis externa consists of inner circular smooth muscle fibers & outer longitudinal smooth muscle fibers which are arranged in three longitudinal bands called teniae coli (between the muscle layers are myenteric plexuses). The serosa is only found in the transverse and sigmoid parts of the colon. - Appendix: Simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells (no villi) and shorter less developed intestinal glands. The lamina propria contains diffuse lymphatic nodules with germinal centers. Muscularis mucosa is present. There are submucosa, muscularis externa (with inner circular and outer longitudinal smooth muscle fibers: between them are myenteric plexuses) & serosa. - Rectum: It has no villi. The epithelium is simple columnar with brush border and goblet cells. In the lamina propria are found deep intestinal glands and lymphatic nodules. There are submucosa, muscularis externa (arranged into inner circular & outer longitudinal smooth muscle fibers) & serosa. - Anorectal junction: Transition from the rectal epithelium (simple columnar) to the epithelium of the skin (non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium). In the anal canal are found internal hemorrhoid plexus of veins, thickening of the circular smooth muscle to form the internal anal sphincter & the skeletal external anal sphincter. .

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