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11. Soils and Geology July 20, 2004 Page 11-1 Bayside Gardens Project Draft EIR City of Redwood City 11. Soils and Geology July 20, 2004 Page 11-1 11. SOILS AND GEOLOGY This EIR chapter describes existing geologic and soil conditions at the project site, identifies associated potential geotechnical impacts related to development of the proposed project, and sets forth measures designed to mitigate identified significant adverse impacts. Data sources used to complete these descriptions include a preliminary geotechnical investigation of the Bayside Gardens project site performed for the applicant by Treadwell & Rollo, Environmental and Geotechnical Consultants, dated August 7, 2001; published reference materials produced by the Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); environmental documents prepared for previous development projects in the immediate vicinity (e.g., Boardwalk Motors, Marina Shores Village, the "Villas at Bair Island"/Bair Island Marina); and the Redwood City Strategic General Plan. The Treadwell & Rollo preliminary geotechnical investigation, much of which is presented in this EIR chapter, notes that the "investigation will be used for preliminary project planning" and that "[p]rior to final design...a final geotechnical investigation to evaluate the soil conditions at the proposed building locations [should be performed]. The final investigations should include several rotary-wash soil borings so that a more detailed evaluation of the consolidation properties of the Bay mud and liquefaction potential of the medium dense sand layers can be performed. In addition, the seismic design parameters should be re-evaluated once the building types and heights have been determined."1 These future study needs are further described in section 11.3 herein (Impacts and Mitigation Measures). 11.1 SETTING 11.1.1 Regional Geologic Setting The project site is within a broad structural trough of the California Coast Ranges that extends from an area south of Hollister northward beyond San Pablo Bay. This structural depression, which contains San Francisco Bay, has been subsiding and filling with alluvium during the past five to eight million years. At the site, bedrock of the Franciscan Assemblage underlies the 1Treadwell & Rollo. Preliminary Geotechnical Investigation, 557 East Bayshore Boulevard (Project No. 3195.01), August 7, 2001, pp. 1 and 12-13. WP9.0\634\DEIR\11.634 Bayside Gardens Project Draft EIR City of Redwood City 11. Soils and Geology July 20, 2004 Page 11-2 alluvial deposits at a depth of approximately 400 feet. The most recent underlying deposit is soft Bay mud, which has been deposited in the last 10,000 years.1 The approximately 14.13-acre project site is located on flat-lying, estuarine sediments along the southwest shoreline of San Francisco Bay. The site is comprised of filled tidal lands along the south bank of a tidal channel tributary to Smith Slough, approximately one-half mile southwest of the slough's confluence with Redwood Creek. 11.1.2 Site Drainage and Topography (a) Site Drainage. Stormwater runoff from the project site currently flows via a series of on- site, subsurface pipes ranging from 8 to 36 inches in diameter, an on-site pump station, and a force main that discharges to the Smith Slough tidal channel. The on-site system collects stormwater from the 14.13-acre project site as well as the adjacent approximately 0.9-acre Boardwalk Motors property on the west and 0.3-acre East Bayshore Road street frontage on the south.2 (b) Site Topography. The project site is relatively flat; existing ground surface elevations range from approximately 104.0 to 107.5 feet RCD (or +4.0 feet to +7.5 feet NGVD).3 The site and surrounding area were originally tidal marshlands with meandering sloughs. During the early 1900s, the area was diked and filled. The upper soil dried over time, and a crust formed on the surface. Between approximately 1950 and 1964, salt evaporation ponds were developed in the surrounding area by constructing interior levees.4 11.1.3 Site Soils (a) USSCS Soil Survey. The project site has undergone human disturbance, including filling, vegetation removal, soil compaction, altered runoff conditions, and building construction. The tidal condition of the Redwood Creek-Smith Slough estuarine system results in a relatively stable and shallow on-site groundwater elevation; mid-winter groundwater elevations could rise somewhat closer to the ground surface. Due to the presence of nearly impervious Bay mud and the tidal zone beneath and adjacent to the project site, the perched groundwater underlying the site does not represent a significant groundwater resource. A review of the U.S. Soil 1Bay Area Geotechnical Group (BAGG). Report of Geotechnical Investigation for Bair Island Marina, 700 Bair Island Road, Redwood City, California, February 9, 1998, p. 8. 2BKF Engineers et al. Syufy Project Preliminary Project Description, March 17, 2003. 3All elevations are referenced to City of Redwood City Datum (RCD), which is equal to National Geodetic Vertical Datum (NGVD) plus 100 feet. Treadwell & Rollo. 4Treadwell & Rollo. Preliminary Geotechnical Investigation, Bair Island Project, Project No. 3147.01, June 21, 2001, p. 3. WP9.0\634\DEIR\11.634 Bayside Gardens Project Draft EIR City of Redwood City 11. Soils and Geology July 20, 2004 Page 11-3 Conservation Service (SCS) Soil Survey map for San Mateo County Eastern Part and San Francisco indicates the presence of one soil series in the project vicinity: urban land--orthents, reclaimed complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes. This soil series is located in areas that were once part of San Francisco Bay and adjacent tidal flats. Urban land soils generally consist of deep, poorly drained fill. The soil texture varies greatly, and is typically composed of native soil, gravel, broken cement and asphalt, Bay mud, and solid waste. (b) Site-Specific Investigation. To evaluate subsurface conditions at the project site, six cone penetration tests (CPTs) were performed in July 2001 by Treadwell & Rollo, environmental and geotechnical consultants for the applicant.1 The on-site CPTs indicate that the project site is covered by approximately 7.0 to 11.0 feet of clayey fill with thin sand and gravel lenses. The fill generally appears thinnest at the southern edge of the site (near East Bayshore Road) and thickest at the northern edge of the site (near the Smith Slough tidal channel). The fill generally is underlain by about 4.5 to 9.5 feet of weak, compressible marine clay known as Bay mud. The Bay mud is underlain by silt and clay with interbedded sand and silty sand layers up to the maximum explored depth of approximately 100 feet. The Bay mud on-site varies in stiffness, strength, and compressibility. Stiffness ranges from medium stiff to stiff. The Bay mud is expected to be softer and more compressible at the northern project boundary along the Smith Slough tidal channel, and stiffer and less compressible along East Bayshore Road. (c) Groundwater. The levels of measured groundwater in the CPTs ranged from approximately 6.6 to 11.2 feet below the ground surface. These levels can fluctuate depending on rainfall, seasonal conditions, and tide elevations. 11.1.4 Seismicity (a) Earthquake Fault Locations. No active or probable active fault traverses the project site.2 The major known active faults in the project vicinity include the Monte Vista (approximately 4.2 miles southeast of the project site), San Andreas (approximately 4.5 miles southwest of the site), San Gregorio (approximately 13 miles west of the site), and Hayward (approximately 14 miles northeast of the site).3 1Treadwell & Rollo. Much of the following information has been extracted from the previously cited Treadwell & Rollo report for the project site (August 7, 2001), which includes additional, more technical data. The report is available for review at the City of Redwood City Community Development Services Department. 2Department of the Interior, United States Geological Survey. Map MF-355: Active Faults, Probable Active Faults, and Associated Fracture Zones, San Mateo County, California. Compiled by Robert D. Brown, Jr., 1972. 3Treadwell & Rollo, August 7, 2001, p. 4. WP9.0\634\DEIR\11.634 Bayside Gardens Project Draft EIR City of Redwood City 11. Soils and Geology July 20, 2004 Page 11-4 Because there are no faults on the project site or on adjacent properties, there is no known risk of surface rupture during an earthquake, and development of the site is not restricted by the presence of an Alquist-Priolo Special Studies Zone (see subsection 11.2.4 below). (b) Earthquake Probability. In 1999, the Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities (WGCEP) at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) predicted a 70 percent probability of a magnitude 6.7 or greater earthquake occurring in the San Francisco Bay Area by the year 2030, with the following estimates of probability for particular faults: Hayward-Rogers Creek--32 percent; San Andreas--21 percent; Calaveras--18 percent; San Gregorio--10 percent; and Mount Diablo--4 percent. (c) Earthquake Hazards. Hazards that can result from an earthquake include surface rupture, landsliding, violent ground shaking, differential settlement, liquefaction, and lateral spreading. (1) Potential for Surface Rupture. Surface rupture occurs along active fault traces, or at locations where compressed and distorted soils break open to relieve earthquake-induced stress. Structures and other improvements built across the actual trace or line of such fractures are generally destroyed. As noted above, no active or probable active fault has been identified on the project site, and the risk of surface rupture is considered very low.1 (2) Potential for Landsliding. Landsliding entails sudden slope failures. Because the project site and its surroundings are essentially level, landsliding is not considered a significant hazard. (3) Potential for Ground Shaking. Ground shaking is caused by the seismic waves that radiate out from an earthquake's epicenter. The severity of ground shaking at a particular location is primarily determined by distance from the epicenter of the earthquake and by the local soil profile.
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