Dibenzilbutirolakton Lignánok Azonosítása, Bioszintézisük Nyomon Követése Arctium, Centaurea, Cirsium Fajok Terméseiben

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Dibenzilbutirolakton Lignánok Azonosítása, Bioszintézisük Nyomon Követése Arctium, Centaurea, Cirsium Fajok Terméseiben Dibenzilbutirolakton lignánok azonosítása, bioszintézisük nyomon követése Arctium, Centaurea, Cirsium fajok terméseiben és mennyiségi meghatározása Centaurea termésekben és in vitro sejttenyészeteiben Szokol-Borsodi Lilla Témavezetők: Dr. Böddi Béla tanszékvezető egyetemi tanár az MTA doktora és Dr. Gyurján István† professor emeritus az MTA doktora ELTE Biológia Doktori Iskola Vezetője: Dr. Erdei Anna Kísérletes Növénybiológia Doktori Program Programvezető: Dr. Szigeti Zoltán ELTE Növényszervezettani Tanszék Budapest 2013 Id. Dr. Béres József iránymutató gondolata: RÖVIDÍTÉSEK JEGYZÉKE ················································································································· 4 II. IRODALMI BEVEZETŐ ··················································································································· 6 II.1. A lignánok általános jellemzői ···································································································· 6 II. 2. A lignánok előfordulása ·············································································································· 9 II.3. A lignánok bioszintézise ············································································································ 12 II.4. A lignánok gyógyászati hatásai és hatásmechanizmusai ··························································· 14 II.5. Glikozidok és aglikonok in vivo: a növényi β-glikozidáz enzim ·············································· 18 II.6. Kémiai analízis ·························································································································· 19 II.6.1. Extrakció ····························································································································· 19 II.6.2 Minőségi meghatározás ······································································································· 19 II.8. A lignánok mennyiségi és minőségi változása a termés érése során ········································· 23 II.9. Centurea fajok in vitro szövettenyészete ··················································································· 23 II.10. A hatóanyagtermelés és az organogenezis összefüggései ······················································· 25 III. CÉLKITŰZÉSEK ··························································································································· 27 IV. ANYAGOK ÉS MÓDSZEREK ····································································································· 28 IV.1. Növényi minták ···························································································································· 28 IV.1.1. Növényi minták ················································································································· 28 IV.1.2. A termésérés folyamata ····································································································· 29 IV.1.3. A csírázás folyamata ········································································································· 29 IV.1.4. A kaszattermés részeinek szétválasztása ··········································································· 30 IV.2. Vegyszerek, reagensek ············································································································· 30 IV.3. Növényi szövettenyésztés ········································································································ 30 IV.3.1. A különböző Centaurea fajok kallusztenyészeteinek létrehozása és fenntartása ············· 30 IV.3.2. A munkában használt táptalajok összetétele ····································································· 31 IV.3.4. A sejkultúra biomassza növekedésének vizsgálata ··························································· 31 IV.4. Mikroszkópos vizsgálatok ········································································································ 32 IV.4.1. Transzmissziós elektronmikroszkópos vizsgálatok ······························································ 32 IV.4.2. Pásztázó elektronmikroszkópos vizsgálatok ····································································· 32 IV.4.3. Fénymikroszkópos és sztereomikroszkópos vizsgálatok ·················································· 32 IV.4.4. A mikroszkópos minták értékelése ··················································································· 32 1 IV.5. Kémiai analízis ························································································································· 33 IV.5.1. Lignán extrakció ··············································································································· 33 IV.5.2. Nagyhatékonyságú folyadékkromatográfiás (HPLC) elválasztás ultraibolya spektrofotometriás (UV) és tömeg spektrometriás (MS) detektálással ········································· 33 IV.6. Glikozidáz enzimes hidrolízis ·································································································· 33 IV.7. Savas hidrolízis ························································································································ 34 IV.8. Az eredmények statisztikai értékelése ····················································································· 34 V. EREDMÉNYEK ······························································································································ 35 V.1.A lignánok azonosítása és mennyiségi meghatározása ······················································ 35 V.1.1. A lignánösszetétel folyadékkromatográfiás meghatározása ··············································· 35 V.2. A lignánösszetétel változása a termés érése és csírázása során ················································· 41 V.2.1. A lignánösszetétel változása a termésérés során ································································ 41 V.2.2. A lignánösszetétel változása a csírázás során és a lignánok megoszlása a kaszattermés termésfala és az embrió részei között: natív, csíráztatott, és glikozidáz enzimmel hidrolizált minták ············································································································································ 43 V.3. A Centaurea fajok terméseinek lignánösszetétel vizsgálata ······················································ 48 V.3.1. A natív minták lignánösszetétele ························································································ 48 V.3.2. A hidrolizált minták lignánösszetétele ··············································································· 51 V.4. A Centaurea fajok szövettenyészeteinek létrehozása, lignán összetételének és mennyiségének vizsgálata, valamint morfológiája ····································································································· 51 V.4.1. A Centaurea fajok szövettenyészeteinek létrehozása ························································ 52 V.4.2. A Centaurea adjarica biomassza termelése ······································································· 52 V.4.3. Az in vitro kallusz kultúrák differenciációja ······································································ 53 V.4.3. Az in vitro kallusz kultúrák lignán összetételének és mennyiségének vizsgálata, valamint az egyes kultúrák differenciálódott részeinek lignán tartalma ······················································ 61 VI. AZ EREDMÉNYEK MEGVITATÁSA ························································································· 65 VI.1. A lignánok azonosítása és mennyiségi meghatározása ···························································· 66 VI.1.1. A lignánösszetétel folyadékkromatográfiás meghatározása ············································· 66 VI.2. A lignánösszetétel változása a termés érése és csírázása során ··············································· 67 VI.2.1. A lignánösszetétel változása a termésérés során ······························································· 67 2 VI.2.2. A lignánösszetétel változása a csírázás során és a lignánok megoszlása a kaszattermés termésfala és az embrió részei között: natív, csíráztatott, és glikozidáz enzimmel hidrolizált minták ············································································································································ 68 VI.3. A Centaurea fajok terméseinek lignánösszetétel vizsgálata ····················································· 69 VI.3.1. A natív minták lignánösszetétele ······················································································ 69 VI.3.2. A hidrolizált minták lignánösszetétele ·············································································· 71 VI.4. A Centaurea fajok szövettenyészeteinek létrehozása, lignán összetételének és mennyiségének vizsgálata, valamint morfológiája ····································································································· 71 VI.4.1. A Centaurea fajok szövettenyészeteinek létrehozása ······················································· 72 VI.4.2. Az in vitro kallusz kultúrák differenciációja ····································································· 72 VI.4.3. Az in vitro kallusz kultúrák lignán összetételének és mennyiségének vizsgálata, valamint az egyes kultúrák differenciálódott részeinek lignán tartalma ······················································
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