Microbial Olefin Production – Towardsa Biorefinery Approach
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The Role of Earthworm Gut-Associated Microorganisms in the Fate of Prions in Soil
THE ROLE OF EARTHWORM GUT-ASSOCIATED MICROORGANISMS IN THE FATE OF PRIONS IN SOIL Von der Fakultät für Lebenswissenschaften der Technischen Universität Carolo-Wilhelmina zu Braunschweig zur Erlangung des Grades eines Doktors der Naturwissenschaften (Dr. rer. nat.) genehmigte D i s s e r t a t i o n von Taras Jur’evič Nechitaylo aus Krasnodar, Russland 2 Acknowledgement I would like to thank Prof. Dr. Kenneth N. Timmis for his guidance in the work and help. I thank Peter N. Golyshin for patience and strong support on this way. Many thanks to my other colleagues, which also taught me and made the life in the lab and studies easy: Manuel Ferrer, Alex Neef, Angelika Arnscheidt, Olga Golyshina, Tanja Chernikova, Christoph Gertler, Agnes Waliczek, Britta Scheithauer, Julia Sabirova, Oleg Kotsurbenko, and other wonderful labmates. I am also grateful to Michail Yakimov and Vitor Martins dos Santos for useful discussions and suggestions. I am very obliged to my family: my parents and my brother, my parents on low and of course to my wife, which made all of their best to support me. 3 Summary.....................................................………………………………………………... 5 1. Introduction...........................................................................................................……... 7 Prion diseases: early hypotheses...………...………………..........…......…......……….. 7 The basics of the prion concept………………………………………………….……... 8 Putative prion dissemination pathways………………………………………….……... 10 Earthworms: a putative factor of the dissemination of TSE infectivity in soil?.………. 11 Objectives of the study…………………………………………………………………. 16 2. Materials and Methods.............................…......................................................……….. 17 2.1 Sampling and general experimental design..................................................………. 17 2.2 Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (FISH)………..……………………….………. 18 2.2.1 FISH with soil, intestine, and casts samples…………………………….……... 18 Isolation of cells from environmental samples…………………………….………. -
Effect of Cover Crops on Weed Community and Oil Palm Yield
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE & BIOLOGY ISSN Print: 1560–8530; ISSN Online: 1814–9596 13–541/2014/16–1–23–31 http://www.fspublishers.org Full Length Article Effect of Cover Crops on Weed Community and Oil Palm Yield Batoul Samedani1*, Abdul Shukor Juraimi1, Sheikh Awadz Sheikh Abdullah1, Mohd Y. Rafii 2, Anuar Abdul Rahim3 and Md. Parvez Anwar2 1Department of Crop Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 2Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 3Department of Land Management, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia *For correspondence: [email protected] Abstract Sustainable weed management in oil palm plantation has been a challenge now a day. Weed suppression by cover cropping is considered as a viable alternative to herbicidal control. This study0020was, therefore, conducted during 2010-2012 in a Malaysia oil palm plantation to characterize oil palm weed communities and evaluate oil palm yield under four different perennial cover-crop systems. Experimental treatments included four different cover crop combinations such as Axonopus compressus, Calopogonium caeruleum + Centrosema pubescens, Mucuna bracteata, Pueraria javanica + Centrosema pubescens, and herbicidal control by glufosinate-ammonium and weedy control. Weed composition in the un-weeded treatment was different from that of cover crop treatments. The un-weeded treatment favored Paspalum conjugatum and A. compressus as the dominant species. In the A. compressus and C. caeruleum + C. pubescens treatments the associated weed species with highest dominance was Asystasia gangetica, while the weeds A. compressus and A. gangetica were associated with M. bracteata and P. javanica + C. pubescens treatments. In the weeded treatment receiving 6 sprays of glufosinate- ammonium over the two years, B. -
General Discusion
IDENTIFICATION OF NITROGEN FIXING MICROSYMBIONTS FROM Mucuna bracteata NODULES SALWANI BINTI SHAFFIE UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA APRIL 2011 IDENTIFICATION OF NITROGEN FIXING MICROSYMBIONTS FROM Mucuna bracteata NODULES by SALWANI BINTI SHAFFIE Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science APRIL 2011 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost to my supervisor, Dr. Amir Hamzah b. Ahmad Ghazali, I have only my sincerest gratitude for your endless supervision, counsel and encouragement. Thank you for your spent time and such patience with me over the years. My special thanks to Prof Nazalan Najimudin for your help, support and great idea especially for helping me in molecular part. To Kak Mun, Kak Ai, Kak Lin, Kak Wan, Ika, Poi Leng and Fatin, thank you for all those time you spent for supporting, teaching and helping me to finish my lab works and also complete the thesis. I enjoy being with you guys especially when we managed to catch the sneaky rats! My special dedication to Dr Sam Allen, for giving me a hand in finishing my thesis writing. Also not forgotten, to Kak Nurul Huda for cleaning my lab and your kind heart for lending me the chemicals and lab apparatus. From the bottom of my heart, thanks to all my friends throughout my life in USM for supporting me directly and indirectly. Last but not least, my deepest gratitude to my family especially my husband, Afdzal b. Nazri and wonderful baby, Syafinaz bt Afdzal. My deepest thanks also to my parents, Shaffie b. Isa and Sharifah Haryati bt. Sharif Jaafar and parents in law, Nazri b. -
Smallholder Oil Palm: Space for Diversification?
Smallholder oil palm: space for diversification? WaNuLCAS model-based exploration of the environmental and economic impact of intercropping scenarios for Indonesian smallholders MSc Thesis Plant Production Systems WaNuLCAS 4.3 Dienke Stomph January 2017 Smallholder oil palm: space for diversification? MSc Thesis Plant Production Systems Name Student: Dienke Stomph Registration Number: 930507808100 Study: MSc Organic Agriculture – Specialization Agroecology Chair group: Plant Production Systems (PPS) Code Number: PPS-80436 Date January, 2017 Supervisors: Meine van Noordwijk Ni’matul Khasanah Tom Schut Examiner: Maja Slingerland Disclaimer: this thesis report is part of an education program and hence might still contain (minor) inaccuracies and errors. Correct citation: Stomph, D., 2017, Smallholder oil palm: space for diversification?, MSc Thesis Wageningen University, 78 p. Contact [email protected] for access to data, models and scripts used for the analysis 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Firstly, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to supervisors Meine van Noordwijk and Ni’matul Khasanah for their continuous support, assisting me, challenging me and allowing for independence. I would also like to thank Tom Schut for his helpful remarks, which were of considerable support in improving the structure of this final report. Furthermore, the fruitful discussions with people in my close surroundings at Wageningen University and the World Agroforestry Centre scientists are gratefully acknowledged. FOREWORD This MSc. thesis report describes the model development and simulation of plot-level diversification scenarios for oil palm cultivation. The study zooms in to the Indonesian oil palm context, with as a focal point smallholders on Sumatra. The report first lists the research aim and objective. -
Mucuna Bracteata) Cover Crop
12 KKU Researeh Journal KKU Research Journal 2016; 21(3) : 12 - 27 http://www.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/kkurj/index 3KRWRV\QWKHWLFHI¿FLHQF\RI36,,DQGJURZWKRI\RXQJUXEEHU tree (Hevea brasiliensis) planted with Mucuna (Mucuna bracteata) cover crop Anoma Dongsansuk 1,2*, Supat Isarangkool Na Ayutthaya1,2, Naruemol Kaewjumpa1,2, and Anan Polthanee1* 1Department of Plant science and Agricultural resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Thailand, 40002 2Knowledge development of Rubber tree in Northeastern group, Khon Kaen University, Thailand, 40002 3Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Thailand, 40002 *Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] and [email protected] Abstract Mucuna bracteata is a legume crop recommended for use as a cover crop to plant EHWZHHQURZVRI\RXQJUXEEHUWUHHVLQDQLQWHUFURSSLQJV\VWHP,WKDVPDQ\DGYDQWDJHV as a cover crop including its rapid growth rate, deep root system, drought tolerance and KLJKQLWURJHQ¿[DWLRQUDWH+RZHYHUWKHUHLVOLWWOHLQIRUPDWLRQUHJDUGLQJWKHSK\VLRORJLFDO UROHVSDUWLFXODUO\LQUHJDUGVWRHQKDQFHPHQWRISKRWRV\QWKHWLFHI¿FLHQF\DQGJURZWK performance, in which M. bracteata plants provide for the young rubber trees. 3KRWRV\QWKHVLVSDUDPHWHUVLQFOXGLQJ3KRWRV\VWHP,,HI¿FLHQF\FKORURSK\OOFRQWHQWWKH greenness or relative chlorophyll content of leaves (SPAD values) and growth of two-year-old rubber trees planted with or without M. bracteata were evaluated. The rubber plantation was situated at Khon Kaen University (NE Thailand) and the measurements were performed during the dry (March) -
Litter Accumulation from Mucuna Bracteata Cover Crop and Its Effects on Some Soil Chemical Properties in Rubber Plantations
Journal of the Rubber Research Institute of Sri Lanka, (2010) 90, 49-57 Litter accumulation from Mucuna bracteata cover crop and its effects on some soil chemical properties in rubber plantations Surani Chathurika*, Lalani Samarappuli** and Ranjith B Mapa* * Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya **Department of Soils and Plant Nutrition, Rubber Research Institute, Agalawatta Received 26 November 2009; Accepted 25 November 2010 Abstract Young rubber plants do not provide sufficient protection to the soil, mainly due to the poor canopy cover. Mucuna bracteata (MB) has been introduced recently as a potential cover crop for young rubber plantations. This study aimed to assess the litter accumulation from MB and its impact on soil properties under rubber. In this study sampling was done from different age groups of rubber (1 to 8 years) in two different rubber growing soil series, namely Boralu and Homagama series. Soil samples were collected under three different ground cover conditions, under MB (UM), naturals (NA) and weed free circle (WF) at two soil depths; D1 (0-15 cm) and D2 (15-30 cm). The Experimental design was a fully nested ANOVA with three replicates. Soil organic C, total sol N, available P and K were measured using standard methods. Litter accumulation of MB was significantly high in five years old plantation. Mean soil organic carbon was significantly different between two soil series and at different locations in a rubber plantation. Higher soil N contents (0.22- 0.37%) were observed in four, five and six year’s old rubber plantations. Soil K content was significantly different between age of rubber plantation and at different locations in a rubber plantation. -
The Quest for Novel Extracellular Polymers Produced by Soil-Borne Bacteria
Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. Bioprospecting: The quest for novel extracellular polymers produced by soil-borne bacteria A thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science In Microbiology at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand Jason Smith 2017 i Dedication This thesis is dedicated to my dad. Vaughan Peter Francis Smith 13 July 1955 – 27 April 2002 Though our time together was short you are never far from my mind nor my heart. ii Abstract Bacteria are ubiquitous in nature, and the surrounding environment. Bacterially produced extracellular polymers, and proteins are of particular value in the fields of medicine, food, science, and industry. Soil is an extremely rich source of bacteria with over 100 million per gram of soil, many of which produce extracellular polymers. Approximately 90% of soil-borne bacteria are yet to be cultured and classified. Here we employed an exploratory approach and culture based method for the isolation of soil-borne bacteria, and assessed their capability for extracellular polymer production. Bacteria that produced mucoid (of a mucous nature) colonies were selected for identification, imaging, and polymer production. Here we characterised three bacterial isolates that produced extracellular polymers, with a focus on one isolate that formed potentially novel proteinaceous cell surface appendages. These appendages have an unknown function, however, I suggest they may be important for bacterial communication, signalling, and nutrient transfer. -
Preliminary Taxonomic Study on Homestead Flora of Four Districts of Bangladesh: Magnoliopsida
Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 27(1): 37‒65, 2020 (June) © 2020 Bangladesh Association of Plant Taxonomists PRELIMINARY TAXONOMIC STUDY ON HOMESTEAD FLORA OF FOUR DISTRICTS OF BANGLADESH: MAGNOLIOPSIDA GOUTAM KUMER ROY* AND SALEH AHAMMAD KHAN Department of Botany, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh Keywords: Homestead flora; Magnoliopsida; Threatened Species; Four Districts; Bangladesh. Abstract This study has documented the contemporary taxonomic information on the species of the class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledons) extant in the homestead areas of Dhaka, Gazipur, Manikganj and Tangail districts of Bangladesh. In these areas, the Dicotyledons are comprised of total 455 species under 302 genera belonging to 78 families. Fabaceae with 41 species is the largest family and Solanum and Lindernia are the largest genera. Total 238 species are herbs followed by 129 species of trees and 88 species of shrubs. Total 332 species are economically useful. The composition and distribution of the species of this plant group are remarkably variable in the homestead areas of the four districts. The current status of seven threatened species viz., Abroma augusta, Andrographis paniculata, Aniseia martinicensis, Mucuna bracteata, Pterocarpus santalinus, Rauvolfia serpentina and Tournefortia roxburghii, included in the Red Data Book of Bangladesh and extant in the study area, has been evaluated and described. This study has identified some threats to the homestead flora and formulated some recommendations for the conservation of threatened and declining native plant species of the study area. The data provided by this study will serve as an important baseline to track the trend of changes in the floristic composition and diversity and sustainable development of plant genetic resources in the homesteads of the study area. -
Temperature Effect Investigation Toward Peat Surface CO2
Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology B 5 (2015) 170-183 doi: 10.17265/2161-6264/2015.03.002 D DAVID PUBLISHING Temperature Effect Investigation toward Peat Surface CO2 Emissions by Planting Leguminous Cover Crops in Oil Palm Plantations in West Kalimantan Arifin1, Suntoro Wongso Atmojo2, Prabang Setyono3 and Widyatmani Sih Dewi4 1. Environmental Engineering Department, Tanjungpura University, Pontianak 78124, Indonesia 2. Agriculture Faculty, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia 3. Environmental Science Postgraduate Program, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia 4. Agriculture Postgraduate Program, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia Abstract: The aim of this research was to know the impact of planting leguminous cover crops (LCCs) of Mucuna bracteata and Calopogonium mucunoides in oil palm plantation on peatland on reducing CO2 emissions. Atmosphere temperature, peat surface temperature, in-closed chamber temperature and peat surface CO2 fluxes were monitored on two adjacent experimental plots. The first experimental plot was on the newly opened peat surface (NOPS) and another was on the eight years planted oil palm land (EPOL). The closed chamber techniques adopted from International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) (1993) were implemented to trap CO2 emissions emitted from 24 treatment plots at the 1st, 3rd and 6th months observations. Average CO2 fluxes observed on no LCCs plots in the NOPS site were 61.25 ± 8.98, 33.76 ± 2.92 and 33.75 ± 3.45 g/m2h , while in the EPOL site were 55.38 ± 15.95, 2 29.90 ± 5.32 and 27.70 ± 4.62 g/m h at the 1st, 3rd and 6th months monitoring, respectively. -
Chapter 4 Project Options 4 Project Options
SECOND SCHEDULE EIA FOR THE PROPOSED LOGGING AND OIL PALM PLANTATION AT PT 11675 (854.31 HECTARES) IN MUKIM KERATONG DISTRICT OF ROMPIN, PAHANG DARULMAKMUR CHAPTER 4 PROJECT OPTIONS 4 PROJECT OPTIONS The aim of this project is to bring development and economic benefit to the State of Pahang, thus the Project Options as in Build-Out and No-Build Options were also given due consideration as required in the EIA Guidelines. 4.1 SITE OPTION The selection of this proposed project site is based on the economic need for converting the land to a land use with economic value by planting palm oil trees which can generate revenue to the state. Department of Forestry Pahang State through a letter dated 24th July 2018 with reference number PHN.PHG.100.21/4/11/643 (5) has granted an approval to APSB to develop this 854.31 ha with oil palm plantation projects. Soil categories for this site which is Rengam Series and Durian Series shows that this area are suitable for palm oil plantation based on “Panduan Mengenali Siri-Siri Tanah Utama Di Semenanjung Malaysia published by Ministry of Agriculture Malaysia”, 2008. In addition into that, this site which was licensed in 2006 is considered as Kawasan Sudah Kerja. Thus no other site is available to be developing as oil palm plantation. 4.2 PROJECT OPTIONS 4.2.1 Build-Out Option The advantages from Build-Out Option would mean that the project will materialise as planned and all the resource potential of the field can be increased and will generate economic benefits to sustain the oil palm industries and revenue to the country. -
Isolation and Characterization of Cultivable Fermentative Bacteria from the Intestine of Two Edible Snails, Helix Pomatia and Cornu Aspersum (Gastropoda: Pulmonata)
CHARRIER ET AL. Biol Res 39, 2006, 669-681 669 Biol Res 39: 669-681, 2006 BR Isolation and characterization of cultivable fermentative bacteria from the intestine of two edible snails, Helix pomatia and Cornu aspersum (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) MARYVONNE CHARRIER*, 1, GÉRARD FONTY2, 3, BRIGITTE GAILLARD-MARTINIE2, KADER AINOUCHE1 and GÉRARD ANDANT2 1 Université de Rennes I, UMR CNRS 6553 EcoBio, 263, Avenue du Général Leclerc, CS 74205, F-35042 Rennes Cedex, France. 2 Unité de Microbiologie, CR INRA de Clermont-Ferrand - Theix, F-63122 Saint Genès-Champanelle, France. 3 Laboratoire de Biologie des Protistes, UMR CNRS 6023, Université Clermont II, 63177 Aubière, France. ABSTRACT The intestinal microbiota of the edible snails Cornu aspersum (Syn: H. aspersa), and Helix pomatia were investigated by culture-based methods, 16S rRNA sequence analyses and phenotypic characterisations. The study was carried out on aestivating snails and two populations of H. pomatia were considered. The cultivable bacteria dominated in the distal part of the intestine, with up to 5.109 CFU g -1, but the Swedish H. pomatia appeared significantly less colonised, suggesting a higher sensitivity of its microbiota to climatic change. All the strains, but one, shared ≥ 97% sequence identity with reference strains. They were arranged into two taxa: the Gamma Proteobacteria with Buttiauxella, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Kluyvera, Obesumbacterium, Raoultella and the Firmicutes with Enterococcus, Lactococcus, and Clostridium. According to the literature, these genera are mostly assigned to enteric environments or to phyllosphere, data in favour of culturing snails in contact with soil and plants. None of the strains were able to digest filter paper, Avicel cellulose or carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). -
Updated Nomenclature and Taxonomic Status of the Plants of Bangladesh Included in Hook
Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 19(2): 173-190, 2012 (December) © 2012 Bangladesh Association of Plant Taxonomists UPDATED NOMENCLATURE AND TAXONOMIC STATUS OF THE PLANTS OF BANGLADESH INCLUDED IN HOOK. F., THE FLORA OF BRITISH INDIA: VOLUME-II 1 M. ENAMUR RASHID AND M. ATIQUR RAHMAN Department of Botany, University of Chittagong, Chittagong-4331, Bangladesh Keywords: J.D. Hooker; Flora of British India; Bangladesh; Nomenclature; Taxonomic Status. Abstract Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker in his second volume of the Flora of British India included a total of 2328 species in 416 genera under 28 natural orders (= families) of which 201 species in 104 genera under 20 natural orders are determined to have been recorded from the area now in Bangladesh. These taxa are listed with their updated nomenclature and taxonomic status as per ICBN following Cronquist’s system of plant classification. The current nomenclatural treatment revealed a total of 200 species in 109 genera under 25 families to be recognized from the area of Bangladesh. The recorded area and the name of specimen’s collector, as in the protologue of the Flora of British India, are also provided. Introduction The plants from the area of Bangladesh included in the Volume-I of the Flora of British India have recently been puiblished with updated nomenclature and taxonomic status as per ICBN (Rashid and Rahman, 2011). The present study deals with the similar treatment of the Volume II of the Flora of British India (1876-1879) which was compiled by J. D. Hooker with three different parts (IV-VI) published in 3 different dates.