COURSES IN ENGLISH FOR ERASMUS STUDENTS
COURSES IN ENGLISH FOR ERASMUS STUDENTS
Course title: Foundation of Mathematical Statistics School, city: Univeristy of Lodz, Lodz Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Sociology ERASMUS Subject code: ECTS points: 6 Number of hours: 30 Duration: 1 semester Type: Seminar Lecturer: prof. Czesław Domański Target group: Students interested in economy and management Assessment Method: Written examination Prerequisites: Good command of English Deadline of application: For installation with instructor Contact person: prof. Czesław Domański The subject of mathematical statistics. Statistical model. Sample distributions of statistics. Types of statistical inference. Confidence interval estimation for the mean, variance and fraction. Parametric tests of signifiance for the means, variances Description: and fractions. Nonparametric estimation. Nonparametric test of signifiance: run, sign and rank test. Fitness tests: the ch- square test, test Shapiro-Wilk test. The analysis of variance. Estimation for regression parameters. The verification of hypotheses in regression and correlation analysis. Time series. The decomposition of time series. Literature: Additional information:
1 COURSES IN ENGLISH FOR ERASMUS STUDENTS
Course title: Statistical Analysis of Financial Instruments School, city: University of Lodz, Lodz Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Sociology ERASMUS Subject code: ECTS points: 6 Number of hours: 30 Duration: 1 semester Type: Seminar Lecturer: prof.. Czesław Domański, dr Jerzy Korzeniewski Target group: Students interested in economy and management Assessment Method: Written paper and oral examination Prerequisites: Good command of English Deadline of application: For installation with instructor Contact person: prof.. Czesław Domański, dr Jerzy Korzeniewski Basic financial instruments (fundamental and modified). The models of the changes of paper titles. The probability distributions and correlationsof shares prices, return rates. The application of statistical measures, discrimination analysis and Description: factor analysis to the investigation of financial instruments on capital and insurance market. Term contracts of forward, swap and future type options. Options pricing- discret model, the Black-Scholes formula. Protection from risk – Greek parameters. Literature: Additional information:
2 COURSES IN ENGLISH FOR ERASMUS STUDENTS
Course title: Financial Mathematics School, city: Univeristy of Lodz, Lodz Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Sociology ERASMUS Subject code: ECTS points: 6 Number of hours: 30 Duration: 1 semester Type: Seminar Lecturer: prof. Czesław Domański Target group: Students interested in economy and management Assessment Method: Written examination Prerequisites: Good command of English Deadline of application: For installation with instructor Contact person: prof. Czesław Domański The calculation of money value in time: simple interests, compound interest, present value of money. Debt repayment calculations: debt payments, inconsistent debt repayments in equal capital instruments, debt repeyment in established capital instalments or established payments, the calculation of debt repayment in presence of high inflation rate. Loan repayment: Description: loans with delayed repayment period, loan with additional payments, average time of loan repayment, effective loan cost. Pension funds: types of annuities: creating pension capital, annuity certain for n years, annuity for certain annual payments, perpetual annuity with m annual payments, perpetual annuity with arbitrarily changing annual payments, annuity with increasing payments, annuities with decreasing payments. Literature: Additional information:
3 COURSES IN ENGLISH FOR ERASMUS STUDENTS
Course title: Risk in Strategic Management School, city: University of Lodz, Lodz Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Sociology ERASMUS Subject code: ECTS points: 6 Number of hours: 30 Duration: 1 semester Type: Seminar Lecturer: prof.. Czesław Domański, dr Jerzy Korzeniewski Target group: Students interested in economy and management Assessment Method: Written paper Prerequisites: Good command of English Deadline of application: For installation with instructor Contact person: prof. Czesław Domański, dr Jerzy Korzeniewski The nototion of risk and uncertainty. Types of risk. The classification of risk and uncertainty. Risk measures. The trends of risk elimination in management: management board flexibility, production concentration and specialization, reserves Description: accumulation, creating insurance funds, self – insurance. Risk in investment decisions, pricing of capital reserves, investment risk analisys. Risk in company’s activity: the methods of risk estimation and elimination. The multicriterial models of production designs in the presence of risk. Literature: Additional information:
4 COURSES IN ENGLISH FOR ERASMUS STUDENTS
Course title: Statistical Methods for Management School, city: University of Lodz, Lodz Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Sociology ERASMUS Subject code: ECTS points: 6 Number of hours: 30 Duration: 1 semester Type: Seminar Lecturer: prof.. Czesław Domański, dr Jerzy Korzeniewski Target group: Students interested in economy and management Assessment Method: Preparing of project Prerequisites: Good command of English Deadline of application: For installation with instructor Contact person: prof. Czesław Domański, dr Jerzy Korzeniewski The foundations of probability – probability, join and conditional probability and their applications in decision making. The methods of data collecting and analysing. Random variables and their applications. Parameter estimation and hypothesis Description: testing for univariate- applications in operation and strategic decisions. Time series inference and forecasting – applications in marketing research. Literature: Additional information:
5 COURSES IN ENGLISH FOR ERASMUS STUDENTS
Course title: Risk Theory and its Applications School, city: University of Lodz, Lodz Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Sociology ERASMUS Subject code: ECTS points: 6 Number of hours: 30 Duration: 1 semester Type: Seminar Lecturer: prof.. Czesław Domański, dr Jerzy Korzeniewski Target group: Students interested in economy and management Assessment Method: Written paper Prerequisites: Good command of English Deadline of application: For installation with instructor Contact person: prof. Czesław Domański, dr Jerzy Korzeniewski The nototion of risk and uncertainty. Risk classification. The factors and sources of investment risk. Risk measures: expected value, correlation coefficient variance, changeability coefficient. Markovitz rule. The criteria of the mode of type I and type II Description: distribution. Risk as the criterion of the construction of optimal portfolio. The analysis of investment risk. Insurance risk. Banking risk: inappropriate interest risk, credit risk, currency risk, liquidity risk. New instruments and techniques of minimization. Literature: Additional information:
6 COURSES IN ENGLISH FOR ERASMUS STUDENTS
Course title: Statistics for Economics School, city: University of Lodz, Lodz Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Sociology ERASMUS Subject code: ECTS points: 6 Number of hours: 30 Duration: 1 semester Type: Seminar Lecturer: prof.. Czesław Domański, dr Dariusz Parys Target group: Students interested in economy and management Assessment Method: Written examination Prerequisites: Good command of English Deadline of application: For installation with instructor Contact person: prof. Czesław Domański, dr Dariusz Parys The foundations of index theory. Individual and aggregate indices. Agregate indices absolute and relative quantities. Relations between indices. The economical interpretation of indices. The arithmetic and geometric mean of indices. Description: Productions and labour efficiency indices. Synthetic price index of life level. Statistical inference based on sample indices. The analysis of income and salary distributions. Literature: Additional information:
7 COURSES IN ENGLISH FOR ERASMUS STUDENTS
Course title: Expert Systems School, city: University of Lodz, Lodz Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Sociology ERASMUS Subject code: ECTS points: 6 Number of hours: 30 Duration: 2 semester Type: Seminar Lecturer: prof.. Czesław Domański, dr Agnieszka Rossa Target group: Students interested in economy and management Assessment Method: project Prerequisites: Good command of English Deadline of application: For installation with instructor Contact person: prof. Czesław Domański, dr Agnieszka Rossa Problem classification for creating expert system. The concept of expert systems. The organization and coding of knowledge Description: – creating data bases. The construction of the mechanism of inference and communication with users. Types of neutral networks and their learning algorithms. Hybrid experts systems. Literature: Additional information:
8 COURSES IN ENGLISH FOR ERASMUS STUDENTS
Course title: Computer assisted economic modeling I School, city: University of Lodz, Lodz Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Sociology ERASMUS Subject code: ECTS points: 5 Number of hours: 30 Duration: 1 semester Type: Seminar Lecturer: prof. Jan Gajda Target group: Students interested in economy and management Assessment Method: Written paper + test Prerequisites: Good command of English Deadline of application: For installation with instructor Contact person: Prof. Jan Gajda Description of course unit: in modern economics one verifies economic theory confronting it with statistical data. The results – econometric model either is consistent with the theory thus confirming it or rejects the theory. One builds econometric Description: models to verify economic theories, to estimate some specific parameter of interest, to stimulate effects of economic policy or to forecast the future. Literature: Additional information:
9 COURSES IN ENGLISH FOR ERASMUS STUDENTS
Course title: Computer assistes economic modeling Iimultiequational models School, city: University of Lodz, Lodz Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Sociology ERASMUS Subject code: ECTS points: 5 Number of hours: 30 Duration: 1 semester Type: Seminar Lecturer: prof. Jan Gajda Target group: Students interested in economy and management Assessment Method: Paper describing student’s project Prerequisites: Good command of English Deadline of application: For installation with instructor Contact person: Prof. Jan Gajda In modern economics one builds multiequational models to stimulate effects of economic policy or forecast the future. The Description: course is practically oriented nevertheless basic knowledge in economics, statistics and economerics – roughly on the level of computer assisted economic modelling I is expected. Literature: Additional information:
10 COURSES IN ENGLISH FOR ERASMUS STUDENTS
Course title: Practical forecasting of economic phenomena School, city: University of Lodz, Lodz Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Sociology ERASMUS Subject code: ECTS points: 5 Number of hours: 30 Duration: 1 semester Type: Seminar Lecturer: prof. Jan Gajda Target group: Students interested in economy and management Assessment Method: Written paper + test Prerequisites: Good command of English Deadline of application: For installation with instructor Contact person: Prof. Jan Gajda The course covers both structural and non-structural methods of forecasting of economic phenomena. The course is Description: practically oriented and requires basic econometrics and worksheet (Excel) is desirable but not crucial. Literature: Additional information:
11 COURSES IN ENGLISH FOR ERASMUS STUDENTS
Course title: Computer assisted optimization of economic decisions School, city: University of Lodz, Lodz Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Sociology ERASMUS Subject code: ECTS points: 5 Number of hours: 30 Duration: 1 semester Type: Seminar Lecturer: prof. Jan Gajda Target group: Students interested in economy and management Assessment Method: Written paper + test Prerequisites: Good command of English Deadline of application: For installation with instructor Contact person: Prof. Jan Gajda Comparative analysis of optimization problem of linear criterion under linear constraints vs. optimization of nonlinear under Description: nonlinear constraints, decision making under risk and uncertainty, techniques for project evaluation and management. Prerequisite basic: calculus and statistics, knowledge of worksheet (Excel). Literature: Additional information:
12 COURSES IN ENGLISH FOR ERASMUS STUDENTS
Course title: Simulation in economic decisions and forecasts School, city: University of Lodz, Lodz Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Sociology ERASMUS Subject code: ECTS points: 5 Number of hours: 30 Duration: 1 semester Type: Seminar Lecturer: prof. Jan Gajda Target group: Students interested in economy and management Assessment Method: Written paper + test Prerequisites: Good command of English Deadline of application: For installation with instructor Contact person: Prof. Jan Gajda Deterministic simulation assumes no uncertainty in the model elements; in most cases it is an alternative for analytic solution Description: of the model. Stochastic simulation refers to models with uncertain elements – parameters, restrictions, variables. Prerequisite basic: calculus and statistics, knowledge of worksheet (Excel). Literature: Additional information:
13 COURSES IN ENGLISH FOR ERASMUS STUDENTS
Course title: Multivariate Statistics School, city: University of Lodz, Lodz Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Sociology ERASMUS Subject code: ECTS points: 6 Number of hours: 30 Duration: 1 semester Type: Seminar Lecturer: prof. Krystyna Pruska, dr Dariusz Parys Target group: Students interested in economy and management Assessment Method: Written paper + oral examination Prerequisites: Good command of English Deadline of application: For installation with instructor Contact person: prof. Krystyna Pruska, dr Dariusz Parys Some multivariate distributions of fundamental multivariate statistics. Estimation and statistical tests for the expectation Description: vector. Analysis of variance (ANOVA and MANOVA). Statistical tests for covariance matrix. Discrimination analysis. Cluster analysis. Factor analysis. Literature: Additional information:
14 COURSES IN ENGLISH FOR ERASMUS STUDENTS
Course title: Calculus of the Probability School, city: University of Lodz, Lodz Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Sociology ERASMUS Subject code: ECTS points: 6 Number of hours: 30 Duration: 1 semester Type: Seminar Lecturer: prof. Krystyna Pruska Target group: Students interested in economy and management Assessment Method: Written examination Prerequisites: Good command of English Deadline of application: For installation with instructor Contact person: prof. Krystyna Pruska The definition and properties of probability. Conditional probability. The independents of events. Probability of spaces. Description: General characteristics of uni and multivariate discrete and continuous random variables. Some discrete and continuous distributions: Bernoulli, binomial, Poisson, normal, chi-square, Student, F. The low of large numbers etc. Literature: Additional information:
15 COURSES IN ENGLISH FOR ERASMUS STUDENTS
Course title: Statistical Methods of Decision Making School, city: University of Lodz, Lodz Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Sociology ERASMUS Subject code: ECTS points: 6 Number of hours: 30 Duration: 1 semester Type: Seminar Lecturer: Dr Dariusz Parys Target group: Students interested in economy and management Assessment Method: Project and exam Prerequisites: Good command of English Deadline of application: For installation with instructor Contact person: Dr Dariusz Parys The elements of decision models, information in decision processes, modelling, decision situations. Subjective probability Description: and utility function. Statistical decision problems. Decision trees, payoff matrixes, opportunity loss table, the strategic games decisions under uncertainty. Game theory: optimal solution of two – person and zero – sum games, mixed strategies. Literature: Additional information:
16 COURSES IN ENGLISH FOR ERASMUS STUDENTS
Course title: Exploratory Data Analysis School, city: University of Lodz, Lodz Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Sociology ERASMUS Subject code: ECTS points: 6 Number of hours: 30 Duration: 1 semester Type: Seminar Lecturer: Dr Agnieszka Rossa Target group: Students interested in economy and management Assessment Method: Written paper and oral examination Prerequisites: Good command of English Deadline of application: For installation with instructor Contact person: Dr Agnieszka Rossa General rules of working with computer packages STATGRAPHICS and STATISTICA. The methods of graphical date presentation with data’s numerical characteristics. Detecting development tendency and modelling dependence correlation Description: between investigated variables. Formulating hypotheses on the future development of investigated phenomenon and the rules of their behaviour. Literature: Additional information:
17 COURSES IN ENGLISH FOR ERASMUS STUDENTS
Course title: Collective Bargaining School, city: University of Lodz, Lodz Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Sociology ERASMUS Subject code: ECTS points: 6 Number of hours: 30 Duration: 1 semester Type: Seminar Lecturer: Prof. Stanisława Borkowska, prof. Bogusława Urbaniak Target group: Students interested in economy and management Assessment Method: Test of knowledge and skills, paper Prerequisites: Good command of English Deadline of application: For installation with instructor Contact person: Prof. Stanisława Borkowska, prof. Bogusława Urbaniak Nature and significance of collective bargaining. Structure and models of negotiations. Tripartite negotiations. Negotiation Description: procedures. Content of collective bargaining. Evolution one the best subject of collective bargaining: Wages. Simulation game Literature: Additional information:
18 COURSES IN ENGLISH FOR ERASMUS STUDENTS
Course title: Human Resources Management School, city: University of Lodz, Lodz Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Sociology ERASMUS Subject code: ECTS points: 6 Number of hours: 30 Duration: 1 semester Type: Seminar Lecturer: Prof. Stanisława Borkowska, prof. Bogusława Urbaniak Target group: Students interested in economy and management Assessment Method: Test of knowledge and skills, paper Prerequisites: Good command of English Deadline of application: For installation with instructor Contact person: Prof. Stanisława Borkowska, prof. Bogusława Urbaniak The labour market: Definitions. Facts and Trends. Determinants, level and structure of labour cost in a firm, Main HRM Description: models. Personal strategies. Recruitment and selection of employees. Investment in human capital. Components of performance appraisal system. Salary and other benefits. Literature: Additional information:
19 COURSES IN ENGLISH FOR ERASMUS STUDENTS
Course title: Capital Market School, city: University of Lodz, Lodz Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Sociology ERASMUS Subject code: ECTS points: 6 Number of hours: 30 Duration: 1 semester Type: Seminar Lecturer: Dr Jerzy Gajdka Target group: Students interested in economy and management Assessment Method: Written examination Prerequisites: Good command of English Deadline of application: For installation with instructor Contact person: Dr Jerzy Gajdka Financial markets – functions and classification. Capital market – organization and basic regulations. Rate of return and risk assessment, portfolio theory. Market’s equilibrium models. Stock analysis and pricing. Bond analysis and pricing with Description: duration concept. Option market characteristics, equilibrium on the market and pricing of instruments. Strategic investments using options. Literature: Additional information:
20 COURSES IN ENGLISH FOR ERASMUS STUDENTS
Course title: Corporate Finance School, city: University of Lodz, Lodz Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Sociology ERASMUS Subject code: ECTS points: 6 Number of hours: 30 Duration: 1 semester Type: Seminar Lecturer: Dr Monika Rychter-Wojtczak Target group: Students interested in economy and management Assessment Method: Written examination Prerequisites: Good command of English Deadline of application: For installation with instructor Contact person: Dr Monika Rychter – Wojtczak Introduction to corporate finance. Case flow analysis. Cost capital. Capital budgeting. Long – term financial planning. Capital Description: structure. Sources of long – term financing. Dividend policy. Working capital management. Short-term financing. Derivatives in financial management. Literature: Additional information:
21 COURSES IN ENGLISH FOR ERASMUS STUDENTS
Course title: Derivative Market School, city: University of Lodz, Lodz Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Sociology ERASMUS Subject code: ECTS points: 6 Number of hours: 30 Duration: 1 semester Type: Seminar Lecturer: Dr Monika Rychter-Wojtczak Target group: Students interested in economy and management Assessment Method: Written examination Prerequisites: Good command of English Deadline of application: For installation with instructor Contact person: Dr Monika Rychter – Wojtczak Derivative market versus base financial market. Futures and forwards characteristics. Futures and forward pricing models. Risk management – reducing risk using hedging strategy. Investment and speculation. No equilibrium state and arbitrage Description: strategy. Swaps characteristics. Swaps pricing and strategy. Options and option market characteristic. Option pricing models. Risk management strategy using options. Literature: Additional information:
22 COURSES IN ENGLISH FOR ERASMUS STUDENTS
Course title: Polish women's and feminist movements School, city: University of Lodz, Lodz Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Sociology ERASMUS Subject code: ECTS points: 3 Number of hours: 10 Duration: 1 semester Type: Seminar Lecturer: Prof. Ewa Malinowska Target group: Students interested in sociology Assessment Method: Oral examination Prerequisites: Good command of French Deadline of application: For installation with instructor Contact person: Prof. Ewa Malinowska The first wave of the women’s movement in the USA, Europe and in Poland. The second wave of the feminist movement in Description: Europe, status and conditions of the women’s organizations in Poland under the communist rules (1945-1989). Feminist movement in the post communist Polish society (afeter 1989) Literature: Additional information:
23 COURSES IN ENGLISH FOR ERASMUS STUDENTS
Course title: Elements of sociology of culture and art. School, city: University of Lodz, Lodz Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Sociology ERASMUS Subject code: ECTS points: 6 Number of hours: 30 Duration: 1 semester Type: Seminar Lecturer: Prof. Anna Matuchniak-Krasuska Target group: Students interested in sociology Assessment Method: Participation at seminars and written essay Prerequisites: Good command of French Deadline of application: For installation with instructor Contact person: Prof. Anna Matuchniak-Krasuska The main topic are: definitions of culture, culture and communication, cultural participation of Polish society; institutions and Description: public, sociology of culture in Poland, national culture as sociological problem, censorship in Europe and Poland, sociology of art. Literature: Additional information:
24 COURSES IN ENGLISH FOR ERASMUS STUDENTS
Course title: Rhetoric of the collective in the political discourse School, city: University of Lodz, Lodz Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Sociology ERASMUS Subject code: ECTS points: 6 Number of hours: 30 Duration: 1 semester Type: Seminar Lecturer: Prof. Andrzej Piotrowski Target group: Students interested in sociology Assessment Method: essay Prerequisites: Good command of English Deadline of application: For installation with instructor Contact person: Prof. Andrzej Piotrowski One of the basic elements of the political discourse is a range of meaning – structures as well as rhetoric – argumentative devices that can be persuasively used in defining “wethey” relationship as vehicles of collective identifications and loyalties Description: on various level of social organization of membership, be the class, nation or state. The seminar is intended to reflect upon meaning / argumentative devices of the political discourse as well as textual communicative and interactional forms and strategies of their realization Literature: Additional information:
25 COURSES IN ENGLISH FOR ERASMUS STUDENTS
Course title: Local Community Studies School, city: University of Lodz, Lodz Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Sociology ERASMUS Subject code: ECTS points: 3 Number of hours: 15 Duration: 1 semester Type: Seminar Lecturer: Prof. Paweł Starosta Target group: Students interested in sociology Assessment Method: Oral examination Prerequisites: Good command of English Deadline of application: For installation with instructor Contact person: Prof. Paweł Starosta Theory of community developpement in Europe and USA, sociological ideas and theory of community, community action, Description: Chicago-School – social sociology, theories of local power. Literature: Additional information:
26 COURSES IN ENGLISH FOR ERASMUS STUDENTS
Course title: Culture and communication School, city: University of Lodz, Lodz Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Sociology ERASMUS Subject code: ECTS points: 6 Number of hours: 30 Duration: 1 semester Type: Seminar Lecturer: prof.. Bogusław Sułkowski, prof. Anna Matuchniak - Krasuska, dr Emilia Zimnica, dr Tomasz Ferenc Target group: Students interested in sociology Assessment Method: Participation at seminars and written exam Prerequisites: Good command of English Deadline of application: For installation with instructor Contact person: prof.. Bogusław Sułkowski, prof. Anna Matuchniak - Krasuska, dr Emilia Zimnica, dr Tomasz Ferenc The main topic link with great area of sociology of art as mass media, visual art, theatre, photography. Culture and Description: communication. Media communication. Pathology of media communication. Sociology of culture in Poland. Sociology of art: problematic and methods. Sociology of theatre. Theory and sociology of photography. Literature: Additional information:
27 COURSES IN ENGLISH FOR ERASMUS STUDENTS
Course title: Social deviance School, city: University of Lodz, Lodz Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Sociology ERASMUS Subject code: ECTS points: 5 Number of hours: 20 Duration: 1 semester Type: Seminar Lecturer: prof. Jolanta Grotowska-Leder Target group: Students interested in sociology Assessment Method: Oral examination Prerequisites: Good command of English Deadline of application: For installation with instructor Contact person: prof. Jolanta Grotowska-Leder The goal is to introduce students to the sphere of social reality which constitutes the arena of the application of broadly, understood social services. The cognitive goal of the course includes theoretical and empirical findings in the field of social Description: deviance. Depicting the essence of deviant phenomena, causes of their occurrence, scale, dynamics and ways of fighting specific deviant behaviour fulfils practical tasks. Literature: Additional information:
28 COURSES IN ENGLISH FOR ERASMUS STUDENTS
Course title: Sociology of poverty School, city: University of Lodz, Lodz Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Sociology ERASMUS Subject code: ECTS points: 5 Number of hours: 20 Duration: 1 semester Type: Seminar Lecturer: prof. Jolanta Grotowska-Leder Target group: Students interested in sociology Assessment Method: Oral examination Prerequisites: Good command of English Deadline of application: For installation with instructor Contact person: prof. Jolanta Grotowska-Leder The cognitive goal of the course includes theoretical and empirical findings in the field of sociology of poverty. Depicting the Description: nature of poverty, cause of their occurrence, dynamics and ways of fighting. Causes of poverty according to the various concepts. Faces of poverty. Counteracting poverty – institutional aspects. Literature: Additional information:
29 COURSES IN ENGLISH FOR ERASMUS STUDENTS
Course title: Rural areas in transition: the case of Poland School, city: University of Lodz, Lodz Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Sociology ERASMUS Subject code: ECTS points: 6 Number of hours: 15 Duration: 1 semester Type: Seminar Lecturer: dr Andrzej Pilichowski Target group: Students interested in sociology Assessment Method: Written paper on chosen topic Prerequisites: Good command of English Deadline of application: For installation with instructor Contact person: dr Andrzej Pilichowski Course unit focuses on social aspects of changing rural areas at local and global level. The main aim is to analyse the rural world particularly in view of Poland’s accession to the European Union. The main topic are: Rural development as a multi- Description: level process rooted in historical traditions. The type of the social-politic discourse in the countries of the EU and in the CEFCs on the present and future aspects of agriculture and rural areas in the globalising world and uniting Europe. The rural Poland. One day – long excursion in the field. Literature: Additional information:
30 COURSES IN ENGLISH FOR ERASMUS STUDENTS
Course title: Social inequality School, city: University of Lodz, Lodz Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Sociology ERASMUS Subject code: ECTS points: 3 Number of hours: 15 Duration: 1 semester Type: Seminar Lecturer: Prof. Ewa Rokicka Target group: Students interested in sociology Assessment Method: essay Prerequisites: Good command of English Deadline of application: For installation with instructor Contact person: Prof. Ewa Rokicka The course is intended to provide the students with the knowledge about Polish society and Western societies – their structure, functioning and dynamics of changes. The course programme covers the following types of questions: 1) Social Description: classes and stratification 2) Class structure as an inequality system 3) Research on inequality in Western countries and in Poland 4) Social inequality dimensions 5) Measures of social inequality 6) Inequality and social mobility 7) Research on reception of social inequality 8) Social structure transformation in modern societies Literature: Additional information:
31 COURSES IN ENGLISH FOR ERASMUS STUDENTS
Course title: Sociological workshop of photography School, city: University of Lodz, Lodz Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Sociology ERASMUS Subject code: ECTS points: 6 Number of hours: 20 Duration: 1 semester Type: Seminar Lecturer: Dr Tomasz Ferenc Target group: Students interested in sociology Assessment Method: Participation and activity during workshop Prerequisites: Good command of English Deadline of application: For installation with instructor Contact person: Dr Tomasz Ferenc Basic ideas of sociological workshop of photography are: practical analyzing and discovering cognitive possibilities, which photography offer to us, studying different ways of analysing an image, developing the ways of the perception of our social Description: environment. Finally it is also good opportunity for reconsidering our own photographical practices and to developed photographical skills. Literature: Additional information:
32 COURSES IN ENGLISH FOR ERASMUS STUDENTS
Course title: Social aspects of management School, city: University of Lodz, Lodz Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Sociology ERASMUS Subject code: ECTS points: 3 Number of hours: 10 Duration: 1 semester Type: Seminar Lecturer: Mgr Anna Kubczak Target group: Students interested in economy and management Assessment Method: Essay and group work Prerequisites: Good command of English Deadline of application: For installation with instructor Contact person: Mgr Anna Kubczak Course unit focuses on social aspects of management. It’s main aim is to analyse structure, functioning and the dynamics of human relations within an organization. The course programme covers the following topics: organization as social system, Description: Human Resources Management, leadership, group decision making, recruitment and selection, motivation theory, evaluation and organizational culture. Literature: Additional information:
33 COURSES IN ENGLISH FOR ERASMUS STUDENTS
Course title: Collisions of cultures School, city: University of Lodz, Lodz Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Sociology ERASMUS Subject code: ECTS points: 6 Number of hours: 30 Duration: 1 semester Type: Seminar Lecturer: Prof. Ryszard Piasecki Target group: Students interested in economy and management Assessment Method: Written examination Prerequisites: Good command of English Deadline of application: For installation with instructor Contact person: Prof. Ryszard Piasecki The definition of cultural values the description of cultural differences and their impact on economic development and Description: business behaviour. Categorising of cultures, description of cultural values of chosen countries like USA, France, UK, Germany, Japan, Russia and Poland. Correlation between cultural and institutional features and economic progress. Literature: Additional information:
34 COURSES IN ENGLISH FOR ERASMUS STUDENTS
Course title: Macroeconomics with the elements of economy policy School, city: University of Lodz, Lodz Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Sociology ERASMUS Subject code: ECTS points: 6 Number of hours: 30 Duration: 1 semester Type: Seminar Lecturer: Dr Joanna Działo Target group: Students interested in economy and management Assessment Method: For installation with instructor Prerequisites: Good command of English Deadline of application: Participation in discussion, written and oral presentation of a topic based on a bibliography Contact person: Dr Joanna Działo National Income Accounting. Major problems of macroeconomics. The business cycle. Unemployment; inflation; The Description: Keynsian approach; Aggregate spending; Fiscal policy; The public sector, The banking system and creation of money; International economics. Long –term growth. Literature: Additional information:
35 COURSES IN ENGLISH FOR ERASMUS STUDENTS
Course title: Evolution and evaluation of corporate governance models in the chosen countries School, city: University of Lodz, Lodz Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Sociology ERASMUS Subject code: ECTS points: 6 Number of hours: 30 Duration: 1 semester Type: Seminar Lecturer: Dr Joanna Działo Target group: Students interested in economy and management Assessment Method: Participation in discussion, written and oral presentation of a topic based on a bibliography Prerequisites: Good command of English Deadline of application: For installation with instructor Contact person: Dr Joanna Działo Corporate governance – theoretical background. Legislation of corporate governance in some (model) countries. Evaluation Description: of the corporate governance models and development tendencies. Corporate governance in the Central and East Europe. Literature: Additional information:
36 COURSES IN ENGLISH FOR ERASMUS STUDENTS
Course title: Applied macroeconomics School, city: University of Lodz, Lodz Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Sociology ERASMUS Subject code: ECTS points: 6 Number of hours: 30 Duration: 1 semester Type: Seminar Lecturer: Dr Bogna Gawrońska-Nowak Target group: Students interested in economy and management Assessment Method: Participation in discussion, test Prerequisites: Good command of English Deadline of application: For installation with instructor Contact person: Dr Bogna Gawrońska-Nowak Macroeconomics vs. microeconomics; GDP; Employment, unemployment, flexibility of labour market. Inflation, deflation. Description: Incomes policy; Complete IS-LM model; Fiscal policy, monetary policy, government expenditures, government transfers, crowding-off effect; Philips Curve. Literature: Additional information:
37 COURSES IN ENGLISH FOR ERASMUS STUDENTS
Course title: Linear programming in modelling and solving economic decision problems School, city: University of Lodz, Lodz Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Sociology ERASMUS Subject code: ECTS points: 3 Number of hours: 15 Duration: 1 semester Type: Seminar Lecturer: Dr Iwona Konarzewska Target group: Students interested in economy and management Assessment Method: Individual project, written form Prerequisites: Good command of English Deadline of application: For installation with instructor Contact person: Dr Iwona Konarzewska Introduction to linear programming. Simplex algorithm. Duality and sensitivity analysis. Interpretation of the dual problem Description: and its optimal solution. Transformation problem. Literature: Additional information:
38 COURSES IN ENGLISH FOR ERASMUS STUDENTS
Course title: Macroeconomics School, city: University of Lodz, Lodz Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Sociology ERASMUS Subject code: ECTS points: 6 Number of hours: 30 Duration: 1 semester Type: Seminar Lecturer: Dr Jerzy Kropiwnicki Target group: Students interested in economy and management Assessment Method: For installation with instructor Prerequisites: Good command of English Deadline of application: Participation in discussion, written and oral presentation of prepared topic Contact person: Dr Jerzy Kropiwnicki National Accounts, GPD, Factors influencing the level of GPD. Economic Growth part1 and part2. Business cycles. Philips Description: Curve, Okun’a law, Laffer’s curve, Inflation, inflation – by main reason. Transformation of Polish economy; structural changes. Economic and social consequences of transformation in Poland. Literature: Additional information:
39 COURSES IN ENGLISH FOR ERASMUS STUDENTS
Course title: International trade and forgein direct investment School, city: University of Lodz, Lodz Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Sociology ERASMUS Subject code: ECTS points: 6 Number of hours: 30 Duration: 1 semester Type: Seminar Lecturer: Dr Joanna Wyszkowska-Kuna Target group: Students interested in economy and management Assessment Method: Participation in discussion, written and oral presentation of prepared topic Prerequisites: Good command of English Deadline of application: For installation with instructor Contact person: Dr Joanna Wyszkowska-Kuna The current global recovery and imbalances in a longer-term perspective. The world economy: performance and prospects. International trade and finance. Crisis and recovery in East Asia. Towards reform of the international financial architecture; Description: which way forward? Exchange regimes and the scope for regional cooperation; Foreign Direct Investment, trade and development; policy issues. International investment agreements; flexibility for development. Transfer of technology. Literature: Additional information:
40 COURSES IN ENGLISH FOR ERASMUS STUDENTS
Course title: Elements of economics School, city: University of Lodz, Lodz Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Sociology ERASMUS Subject code: ECTS points: 6 Number of hours: 30 Duration: 1 semester Type: Seminar Lecturer: Mgr Anna Myślińska Target group: Students interested in economy and management Assessment Method: Participation in discussion, test Prerequisites: Good command of English Deadline of application: For installation with instructor Contact person: Mgr Anna Myślińska Economics – why is it worth studying? Working with graphs: mathematics for economists. Basic microeconomics definitions. Description: National accounts. Traditional Keynesian theories of fluctuations. Economic growth I and II. Real business cycle theory. Open economy. Literature: Additional information:
41 COURSES IN ENGLISH FOR ERASMUS STUDENTS
Course title: Micro- and macroeconomics School, city: University of Lodz, Lodz Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Sociology ERASMUS Subject code: ECTS points: 3 Number of hours: 15 Duration: 1 semester Type: Seminar Lecturer: Mgr Kamila Paszyn Target group: Students interested in economy and management Assessment Method: Written examination Prerequisites: Good command of English Deadline of application: For installation with instructor Contact person: Mgr Kamila Paszyn Working with graphs. Elementary definitions of macroeconomic. National accounts. Traditional Keynesian theory of Description: fluctuations. Economic growth. Open Economy. Literature: Additional information:
42 COURSES IN ENGLISH FOR ERASMUS STUDENTS
Course title: International accounting standards School, city: University of Lodz, Lodz Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Sociology ERASMUS Subject code: ECTS points: 6 Number of hours: 30 Duration: 1 semester Type: Seminar Lecturer: Dr Monika Marcinkowska Target group: Students interested in economy and management Assessment Method: essay Prerequisites: Good command of English Deadline of application: For installation with instructor Contact person: Dr Monika Marcinkowska Lectures will cover the theme of accounting harmonization and convergence worldwide and in Europe. Specifically the Description: “Framework” and the Financial Reporting Standards issued by International Accounting Standards Board will be addressed. The differences between IAS US GAAP and Polish Accounting Regulations will be discussed. Literature: Additional information:
43 COURSES IN ENGLISH FOR ERASMUS STUDENTS
Course title: Management of corporate finance School, city: University of Lodz, Lodz Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Sociology ERASMUS Subject code: ECTS points: 3 Number of hours: 15 Duration: 1 semester Type: Seminar Lecturer: Dr Radosław Pastusiak Target group: Students interested in economy and management Assessment Method: For installation with instructor Prerequisites: Good command of English Deadline of application: For installation with instructor Contact person: Dr Radosław Pastusiak Main goal of this meeting is to recover or learn students about basic problems in management of corporate finance. Theory will be backed practical case’s, which should be solve during classes. Students activity is very important and apart short test Description: will be basic reason of successful ending of the classes. The plan of lectures. Cost of the capital. Financial sentiment analyze. Financing investments projects. Credits, debenture, leasing, Corporate efficiency. Management of working capital. Literature: Additional information:
44 COURSES IN ENGLISH FOR ERASMUS STUDENTS
Course title: Fiscal policy in theory and practice School, city: University of Lodz, Lodz Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Sociology ERASMUS Subject code: ECTS points: 6 Number of hours: 30 Duration: 1 semester Type: Seminar Lecturer: Mgr Tomasz Uryszek Target group: Students interested in economy and management Assessment Method: Preparation of the paper and perforation of the presentation by every student Prerequisites: Good command of English Deadline of application: For installation with instructor Contact person: Mgr Tomasz Uryszek The main goal of the classes is to formalize students with different theories relevant to fiscal policy as well as to present the most important problems of Polish fiscal policy during the transformation period in EU enlargement process. Students will Description: have an opportunity to focus on causes and results of the fiscal deficit in Poland and to have closer look at Polish fiscal system. Literature: Additional information:
45 COURSES IN ENGLISH FOR ERASMUS STUDENTS
Course title: Commercial Policies under the WTO School, city: University of Lodz, Lodz Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Sociology ERASMUS Subject code: ECTS points: 3 Number of hours: 15 Duration: 1 semester Type: Seminar Lecturer: Prof. Maria Bijak-Kaszuba Target group: Students interested in economy and management Assessment Method: Reports prepared and presented by students on the basis of literature, participation in discussions Prerequisites: Good command of English Deadline of application: For installation with instructor Contact person: Prof. Maria Bijak-Kaszuba Options of commercial policies. Overview of the multilateral trading system under the GATT/WTO, his functions and rules Description: governing commercial policies of member countries. Multilateral trade liberalization. Regional trade liberalization as a challenge for the multilateral system. Future challengers for commercial policies under the WTO. Literature: Additional information:
46 COURSES IN ENGLISH FOR ERASMUS STUDENTS
Course title: Selected issues on monetary integration School, city: University of Lodz, Lodz Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Sociology ERASMUS Subject code: ECTS points: 6 Number of hours: 30 Duration: 1 semester Type: Seminar Lecturer: Dr Joanna Bogołębska Target group: Students interested in economy and management Assessment Method: Written examination and participation in discussions Prerequisites: Good command of English Deadline of application: For installation with instructor Contact person: Dr Joanna Bogołębska The course unit is concentrated mainly on central bank’s view of the monetary integration. It comprises the following items: The political economy of monetary union (Historical perspective – implications for EMU etc.); European System of Central Description: Banks – as an integrated central banking. Challenges of the European monetary integration to the central bank in accession country. The case of The National Bank of Poland. New initiatives of monetary integration in the world economy. Literature: Additional information:
47 COURSES IN ENGLISH FOR ERASMUS STUDENTS
Course title: Contemporary Problems of the World Economy School, city: University of Lodz, Lodz Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Sociology ERASMUS Subject code: ECTS points: 6 Number of hours: 30 Duration: 1 semester Type: Seminar Lecturer: Dr Bogdan Buczkowski Target group: Students interested in economy and management Assessment Method: This will consist of course work such as case study exercise and a short essay to be written and presented by students Prerequisites: Good command of English Deadline of application: For installation with instructor Contact person: Dr Bogdan Buczkowski The objective of this course is to familiarize students with some recent developments in the global economy. The topics covered will include specific aspects of trade regulations and a new round of negotiations under WTO, financial crisis and its Description: consequences and conclusion for Asian countries; Protectionism practices in developed countries (the USA, EU, Japan), new aspects and problems of economic integration in Europe, Asia, Latin and North Americas. Literature: Additional information:
48 COURSES IN ENGLISH FOR ERASMUS STUDENTS
Course title: Business systems School, city: University of Lodz, Lodz Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Sociology ERASMUS Subject code: ECTS points: 6 Number of hours: 30 Duration: 1 semester Type: Seminar Lecturer: Dr Bogdan Buczkowski Target group: Students interested in economy and management Assessment Method: This will consist of course work such as case study exercise and a short essay to be written and presented by students Prerequisites: Good command of English Deadline of application: For installation with instructor Contact person: Dr Bogdan Buczkowski The objective is to show make participants aware of the fact that there is no single way of organising firms and markets even in Europe. The topics covered will include the characteristics of business systems: the nature of the firm, market organisation, Description: authoritative coordination and control systems. The institutional contexts and national specificity of business systems in Europe, Japan, Hong-Kong and Australia. Literature: Additional information:
49 COURSES IN ENGLISH FOR ERASMUS STUDENTS
Course title: Economic policy in the European Union School, city: University of Lodz, Lodz Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Sociology ERASMUS Subject code: ECTS points: 6 Number of hours: 30 Duration: 1 semester Type: Seminar Lecturer: Dr Małgorzata Czernielewska-Rutkowska Target group: Students interested in economy and management Assessment Method: Written thesis, participation in discussions Prerequisites: Good command of English Deadline of application: For installation with instructor Contact person: Dr Małgorzata Czernielewska-Rutkowska The seminar is aimed to familiarising the students with the conduct of macroeconomic policy in the EU. It’s objective to Description: disseminate knowledge on the objectives, the principles as well as the instruments of macroeconomic policy in EU, to scrutinise the theoretical and practical rationale for economic policy at EU level, to assess its implications and efficiency. Literature: Additional information:
50 COURSES IN ENGLISH FOR ERASMUS STUDENTS
Course title: The integration of the Polish financial market and common financial market of the European Union School, city: University of Lodz, Lodz Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Sociology ERASMUS Subject code: ECTS points: 3 Number of hours: 15 Duration: 1 semester Type: Seminar Lecturer: Małgorzata Janicka, Ph.D. Target group: Students interested in economy and management Assessment Method: For installation with instructor Prerequisites: Good command of English Deadline of application: test Contact person: Małgorzata Janicka, Ph.D. The lecture is devoted to the problem of the accession of Polish financial market to the European structures. The two Description: processes are to be discussed simultaneously. On the one hand – the actual and institutional integration of the markets in question and on the other one – finishing the process of building the truly single financial market within the European Union. Literature: Additional information:
51 COURSES IN ENGLISH FOR ERASMUS STUDENTS
Course title: Economic integration in NAFTA and European Union School, city: University of Lodz, Lodz Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Sociology ERASMUS Subject code: ECTS points: 6 Number of hours: 30 Duration: 1 semester Type: Seminar Lecturer: Dr Anna Midera Target group: Students interested in economy and management Assessment Method: Written essay, oral presentation+ participation in general Prerequisites: Good command of English Deadline of application: For installation with instructor Contact person: Dr Anna Midera Regionalism has been important phenomenon in the world of international trade in recent decade. Groups of countries, typically geographically concentrated are banding together to liberalise trade and investment among themselves. The course is Description: designed to provide an understanding of two different processes of economic integration in North America (NAFTA) and Western Europe (EU), to present their divergent histories, structures and ideologies. Literature: Additional information:
52 COURSES IN ENGLISH FOR ERASMUS STUDENTS
Course title: Leasing as one of the finance forms of the activity of a company 1.1. School, city: University of Lodz, Lodz Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Sociology ERASMUS Subject code: ECTS points: 6 Number of hours: 30 Duration: 1 semester Type: Seminar Lecturer: Dr Tomasz Motowidlak Target group: Students interested in economy and management Assessment Method: Written examination Prerequisites: Good command of German Deadline of application: For installation with instructor Contact person: Dr Tomasz Motowidlak The goal of the lecture is to disseminate among students the knowledge about finance forms of the companies activity. The lecture presents the classification of the finance forms which includes the internal and external finance sources. The subject of Description: the lecture also are the main dependences existing between own and foreign capital and the advantages and disadvantages connected with their use. Literature: Additional information:
53 COURSES IN ENGLISH FOR ERASMUS STUDENTS
Course title: Theoretical aspects of foreign investment School, city: University of Lodz, Lodz Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Sociology ERASMUS Subject code: ECTS points: 6 Number of hours: 30 Duration: 1 semester Type: Seminar Lecturer: Mgr Beata Andrzejczak Target group: Students interested in economy and management Assessment Method: Written examination Prerequisites: Good command of German Deadline of application: For installation with instructor Contact person: Mgr Beata Andrzejczak The classes are designed to offer knowledge concerning selected problems of foreign investments. The following subjects shall be covered: Changes in the size and structure of FDI in Central and Eastern Europe in 1990s against the flows of FDI Description: capital in the world. Theories explaining the motivation of multinational companies and host countries. Micro- and macroeconomic effects and development prospectives for FDI; Poland’s investment attractiveness in the eyes of foreign investors. Literature: Additional information:
54 COURSES IN ENGLISH FOR ERASMUS STUDENTS
Course title: Policy of regional development and environmental protection School, city: University of Lodz, Lodz Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Sociology ERASMUS Subject code: ECTS points: 3 Number of hours: 15 Duration: 1 semester Type: Seminar Lecturer: Prof. A. Jewtuchowicz Target group: Students interested in economy and management Assessment Method: Oral examination Prerequisites: Good command of French Deadline of application: For installation with instructor Contact person: Prof. A. Jewtuchowicz Problems and complexity of development of regions in processes of globalisation and European integration. Explanations of processes of development of territorial units in the market economy. European context of regional development and territorial transformation in Poland. New economical map of Europe. Process of transformation of European space. Policy of Description: development of cities and regions in process of globalisation of world economy. New conceptions and factors connected with development of cities and regions. Transformation of government and development on the level of development, regions with disparities. Literature: Additional information:
55 COURSES IN ENGLISH FOR ERASMUS STUDENTS
Course title: Urban sociology School, city: University of Lodz, Lodz Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Sociology ERASMUS Subject code: ECTS points: 6 Number of hours: 30 Duration: 1 semester Type: Seminar Lecturer: Prof. Andrzej Majer Target group: Students interested in economy and management Assessment Method: Suitable attendance, written exam-test Prerequisites: Good command of English Deadline of application: For installation with instructor Contact person: Prof. Andrzej Majer Key theories of the cities and urban society. City as a social aggregate. Urbanism and urbanites. Neighborhood and communities. Spatial and social structure of the city space. Social production of the space. Urbanization and it present Description: aftermath. Urban decline. Urban renewal. Urban policy. Local government, institutions, organizations and theirs representatives. Social aspect of urban policies and governance. Social planning of the city space. Literature: Additional information:
56 COURSES IN ENGLISH FOR ERASMUS STUDENTS
Course title: Environmental Protection in Poland - economical issues School, city: University of Lodz, Lodz Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Sociology ERASMUS Subject code: ECTS points: 3 Number of hours: 15 Duration: 1 semester Type: Seminar Lecturer: Dr Zbigniew Głuszczak Target group: Students interested in economy and management Assessment Method: Preparation of the paper and perforation of the presentation by every student Prerequisites: Good command of Hungarian Deadline of application: For installation with instructor Contact person: Dr Zbigniew Głuszczak Introduction –environment and its elements. Main information about Polish environment. Hazard of main environment – Description: reasons, tendencies and effects. Environments organization on management. Eco – development and tools of its fulfilment with concentration of economical tools. Polish problems with implementation of European ecological standards. Literature: Additional information:
57 COURSES IN ENGLISH FOR ERASMUS STUDENTS
Course title: Regional Politic. Theory and Practice School, city: University of Lodz, Lodz Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Sociology ERASMUS Subject code: ECTS points: 3 Number of hours: 15 Duration: 1 semester Type: Seminar Lecturer: Dr Adam Dąbrowski Target group: Students interested in economy and management Assessment Method: Written or oral examination Prerequisites: Good command of German Deadline of application: For installation with instructor Contact person: Dr Adam Dąbrowski Introduction to regional policy. Presentation of the theory of space order and practice of regional policy. The essence of Description: regional policy. Theory of space order. Regional policy in practice. Introduction to the regional policy; Goals instruments, strategies of the regional policy; Regional policy in EU. Case study: Germany and Poland. Literature: Additional information:
58 COURSES IN ENGLISH FOR ERASMUS STUDENTS
Course title: IT technology in foreign language School, city: University of Lodz, Lodz Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Sociology ERASMUS Subject code: ECTS points: 3 Number of hours: 15 Duration: 1 semester Type: Seminar Lecturer: Dr Konrad Woźnicki, mgr Łukasz Murowaniecki Target group: Students interested in economy and management Assessment Method: Preparation of the paper and perforation of the presentation by every student Prerequisites: Good command of English Deadline of application: For installation with instructor Contact person: Dr Konrad Woźnicki, mgr Łukasz Murowaniecki Selection of the topic from the list proposed by lecturer. Preparation of the paper and materials for the class. Presentation of Description: the prepared materials. After presentation: discussion, Q&A, teachers comments. Literature: Additional information:
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