Name ______Date ______Period ______Chapter 11 Test Review Sheet

VOCABULARY: Use your Chapter 11 vocabulary sheet to define these words.

1. officer – one who holds a commission in an army

2. crush – to destroy or overpower

3. private – the lowest ranking soldier in an army

4. general – a high-ranking commissioned soldier

5. flank – the right or left side of a formation of soldiers

6. cavalry – combat troops on horseback

7. massacre – the killing or slaughter of a large number of people

8. cabinet – a president’s advisers (as a group)

9. column – a formation of troops in which all soldiers follow one behind the other

10. officials – people who hold public office

11. drill – an exercise for teaching a procedure or skill by repetition

12. council of war – a group assembled to make decisions during war

13. infantry – foot soldiers

PEOPLE YOU NEED TO KNOW: Identify the following and describe their significance (importance) to Texas History. Use your notes and textbook to answer the following questions.

11. Sam Houston (Part 1 and 2 Notes) – Commander of the Texas Army and led the surprise attack on Santa Anna’s army at the battle of San Jacinto

12. General Filisola (Part 1 Notes) – led a Mexican army throughout towns in Central and East Texas

13. Hendrick Arnold (Part 1 Notes) – posed as a runaway slave in the Mexican camps and gathered information for scouting reports sent to Sam Houston

14. General Cos (Part 1 Notes) – arrived in the morning at the Mexican camp in San Jacinto with 540 inexperienced soldiers. They were allowed time to eat and rest. 15. Jose Antonio Menchaca (Part 2 Notes) – acted as a spokesperson in the Texas army for those who couldn’t speak English.

16. Juan Seguin (Part 2 Notes) – commanded 20-30 Tejanos.

17. Mirabeau B. Lamar (Part 2 Notes) – distinguished himself in the fighting of a small skirmish with the Mexicans. Because of this he was named to lead the Texas cavalry (mounted horse soldiers)

18. Edward Burleson (Part 2 Notes) – moved on the far right flank

19. George W. Hockley (Part 2 Notes) – moved on the center

20. Henry Millard (Part 2 Notes) – 4 infantry units

21. Emily Morgan (Part 2 Notes) – was a mulatto (mixed) slave who lured Santa Anna in to his tent before the battle; later became known as “The Yellow Rose of Texas”

21. Lorenzo de Zavala (Part 2 Notes) – opened his home as a temporary hospital for both wounded Texan and Mexican troops; was the ad-interim vice-president

22. Deaf Smith and Henry Karnes (Part 2 Notes) – destroyed the bridge across Vince’s Bayou in order to cut off a path of retreat for both Texas and Mexican armies.

ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS: Use a separate sheet of notebook paper if necessary.

23. What did Santa Anna order his troops to do? (11-1) burn all towns and settlements

24. What did Houston find once he arrived in Gonzales? (11-1) finds 370 volunteers (many untrained) who had responded to Travis’s letter for help. He also found out the Alamo had fallen from scout Deaf Smith.

25. What is Juan Seguin ordered to do during the withdrawal from Gonzales? (11-1) he is ordered to stay behind and burn the town and its provisions that could not be carried.

26. What are the 3 reasons Houston ordered a retreat east towards the Brazos River? (11-1)

1. He believed his forces were still too weak; they were untrained and outnumbered. 2. The farther east the Mexican army went; their supply lines would be stretched. 3. In East Texas, the Texans might get help (i.e. reinforcements) from the USA. 27. Explain the Runaway Scrape. (11-1) Hundreds of civilian Texans feared for their lives, so they packed up everything they could and headed east towards the Sabine River.

28. List the 3 reasons why the Runaway Scrape was miserable. (11-1) 1. Heavy spring rains 2. Lack of food 3. Sickness

29. What did Houston’s army do at Groce’s plantation? (11-1) train, march and drill

30. What did President Burnet urge Sam Houston to do? (11-1) urged him to not wait and go ahead and attack Santa Anna

31. Where did President Burnet move his cabinet when they had to flee from Harrisburg? (11-1) New Washington

32. What were the “Twin Sisters” and where did they come from? (11-1) 2 six-pound cannons from the people of Cincinnati, Ohio

33. Where did Sam Houston set his army to confront the Mexican army? (11-2) along the banks of Buffalo Bayou

34. Why was Houston concerned that Juan Seguin and his company might get shot by mistake? (11-2) because they were Tejanos and looked Mexican.

35. Why did the Council of War meet? What was the outcome? (11-2) to determine time of attack; disagreement arose on whether or not they should attack directly or wait defensively so no decision was made as a whole group.

36. How did Santa Anna think Houston’s troops would fight at San Jacinto? (11-2) fight only on the defensive

37. What was the Texas cavalry’s mission at San Jacinto? (11-2) cut off the Mexicans’ path when they attempted to flee.

38. What were the two Texans’ battle cries? (11-2) “Remember the Alamo!” and “Remember Goliad!”

39. Why were Houston’s troops able to easily defeat Santa Anna and his army? (11-2) Most Mexicans were ill-prepared and unarmed as the surprise attack ensued. Some were resting, others gathered firewood or watered their horses. Total confusion resulted

40. How long did the battle last? (in minutes) (11-2) 18 minutes 41. What happened to Santa Anna once the battle began? Where was he caught hiding and what was he wearing? How did his own men give him away? (11-2) When the battle begins, Santa Anna suddenly leaves and disappears with no weapons or armor; He was caught hiding in some tall grass dressed as a common soldier or peasant; On the way to the Texan camp, his own men give him away with saying “El Presidente?”

42. How many Texans were killed during the battle? How many were wounded? Who was wounded that was an important leader during the battle? (11-2) fewer than 10 killed; 30 wounded; Sam Houston

43. How many Mexicans were killed? How many were taken prisoner? (11-2) 630 killed; 730 taken prisoner

44. After the battle, where was the Texas capital moved to? (11-2) Velasco

45. List the points of the public treaty that Santa Anna signed. (11-2)

i. He promises to never again fight against the Texans. ii. He officially orders all Mexican forces out of Texas. iii. Prisoner Exchange iv. All property taken by Mexican forces returned.

46. List the points of the private treaty that Santa Anna signed. (11-2)

i. He promises to work for Mexican recognition of Texas independence . ii. He promises to work for the Rio Grande as the border between Texas and Mexico.

47. What two men prevented Santa Anna from being executed? (11-2) President David G. Burnet and Sam Houston

48. What was the name of the ship that was to carry Santa Anna back to Mexico? (11-2) invincible

49. What did angry Texas army officers demand happen to Santa Anna? (11-2) they stopped the ship from sailing and demanded that Santa Anna be turned over for execution.

50. Why was the battle of San Jacinto an important event? (11-2)

i. Captured Santa Anna ii. Texas won its independence! iii. Republic of Texas was born!