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Co-Production to Promote Creativity in the Chinese Variety Show Industry

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Co-Production to Promote Creativity in the Chinese Variety Show Industry NOTE TO USERS Page(s) not included in the original manuscript are unavailable from the author or university. The manuscript was microfilmed as received. 12 This is reproduction is the best copy available UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY Co-Production To Promote Creativity In The Chinese Variety Show Industry: From The Global To The Local by Siqi Li A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS FACULTY OF COMMUNICATIONS AND CULTURE CALGARY, ALBERTA SEPTEMBER, 2007 © Siqi Li 2007 Abstract The purpose of this study is to explore the implementation of co-production to promote creativity in the Chinese variety show industry, and the social impacts on this link. The finding indicates that the use of international co-production strategies results in hybridization, which promotes creativity and constantly pushes the development of the Chinese variety show industry. The application of domestic co-production stimulates the commercial operation in the production and distribution of Chinese variety shows; in turn, the integration of commercial operations into domestic co-production promotes creativity in the Chinese variety show industry. Intrusive state power over the Chinese variety show industry and current market mechanisms applied to the industry are the major obstacles that negatively impact on co-production and the promotion of creativity strategies. -ii- MA Thesis, Communications & Culture University of Calgary © Siqi Li 2007 Acknowledgements This project would not have been possible without the support of many people. I would like to thank my supervisor, Dr. Bart Beaty, who provided guidance and support. I also express my gratitude for my friends Astrid Jacobson and Jian Jiao, who revised and commented on this research paper. And finally, I would like to thank my mother, who endured this long process with me, always offering support and love. -iii- MA Thesis, Communications & Culture University of Calgary © Siqi Li 2007 Table of Contents Approval Page...................................................................................................................... i Abstract............................................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgements............................................................................................................ iii Table Of Contents.............................................................................................................. iv List Of Tables .................................................................................................................... vi List Of Figures .................................................................................................................. vii CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................1 1.1 Introduction................................................................................................................1 1.2 Research Questions....................................................................................................3 1.3 Research Context .......................................................................................................3 1.4 Research Theoretical Framework ..............................................................................5 1.5 Research Scope..........................................................................................................6 1.6 Significance Of The Study.........................................................................................7 1.7 Outline Of Chapters...................................................................................................8 CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE REVIEW ...........................................................................13 2.1 Introduction..............................................................................................................13 2.2 The Evolution Of The Concept Of Creativity In Western Society..........................14 2.3 Creation/Creativity Research In Chinese Television Industries..............................19 2.4 Cooperative Production (Co-Production) In Western Literatures ...........................24 2.5 Economic And Cultural Approaches To Chinese Perspective Of Co-Production...28 2.6 Co-Production To Promote Creativity: A Strategy For The Chinese Variety Show Industy .........................................................................................................31 2.7 Summary..................................................................................................................33 Chapter 3. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ...................................................................34 3.1 Introduction: Constructing The Theoretical Framework.........................................34 3.2 Critiques Of Cultural Economics.............................................................................35 3.3 An Institutional Analysis Of The Political Economy Of Communication ..............36 3.3.1. Commodification............................................................................................38 3.3.2. Spatialization ..................................................................................................39 3.4 Cultural Globalization..............................................................................................43 3.4.1. Cultural Globalization In The Global.............................................................43 3.4.2. Cultural Globalization In The Local...............................................................47 3.5 Summary..................................................................................................................51 Chapter 4. CASE STUDY .................................................................................................54 4.1 Introduction..............................................................................................................54 4.2 The Historical Transformation Of The Chinese Television Institutes.....................55 4.2.1. The Underdevelopment Of Chinese Television: From The 1950s To The Mid 1970s ........................................................................................................55 -iv- MA Thesis, Communications & Culture University of Calgary © Siqi Li 2007 4.2.2. Decentralization, Commercialization, And Technological Progress: The Growth Of Chinese Television: From The Late 1970s To The 1990s. ...........56 4.2.3. The Development Of The Chinese Television Entertainment Business: Balance The Foreign And Domestic Forces ....................................................59 4.2.4. Television Program Co-Production: One Way Towards Globalization.........61 4.2.5. CCTV .............................................................................................................64 4.2.6. Hunan Television (Hunan TV).......................................................................67 4.3 The Development Of Chinese Variety Shows: A Typical Case Of The Competition Between CCTV And Hunan TV.......................................................69 4.4 Super Voice Girls Vs. Dream China .......................................................................74 4.4.1. Hunan Satellite TV And Its Super Voice Girls ..............................................75 4.4.2. CCTV Economic Channel And Its Dream China ..........................................78 4.5 Summary..................................................................................................................82 CHAPTER 5. ANALYSIS.................................................................................................83 5.1 Introduction..............................................................................................................83 5.2 Defining Creativity ..................................................................................................84 5.3 Defining Co-Production...........................................................................................87 5.4 International Co-Production To Promote Creativity Through Cultural Technique Transfer ................................................................................................89 5.4.1. Forms Of Cultural Technique Transfer In The Chinese Variety Show Industry ............................................................................................................90 5.4.2. Hybridization: The Core To Industrial Creativity..........................................94 5.4.3. The Influences Of The Chinese State And Television Institutes ...................96 5.5 Historical Transformation To Creativity In The Chinese Variety Show Industry 100 5.6 Domestic Co-Production To Promote Institutional Creativity ..............................108 5.6.1. Differences Between Super Voice Girls And Dream China........................109 5.6.2. Institutional Creativity: Integrating Commercial Operations To Domestic Co-Production Strategies ...............................................................................110 5.7 Factors Determining Co-Production And Creativity Of The Television Institutes...............................................................................................................113 5.8 Summary................................................................................................................117 Chapter 6. CONCLUSION ..............................................................................................119
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