Sedimentary Rocks & Surface Processes Test Name

Sedimentary Rocks & Surface Processes Test Name: Earth Science 2014 Block: DUE DATE:

Section I: Multiple Choice Select the best answer to each question. Mark your final answer on the answer sheet. (1 pt each)

1. What type of sedimentary rocks is formed from fragments of preexisting rocks? A. clastic B. chemical C. organic D. biochemical

2. What type of sedimentary rocks is formed from mineral grains that fall out of solution by evaporation or by chemical action? A. clastic B. chemical C. organic D. biochemical

3. What type of sedimentary rocks is formed from the remains of nonliving parts of plants and animals? A. clastic B. chemical C. organic D. biochemical

4. The process by which pore spaces are removed from sediments is called A. deposition B. stratification C. compaction D. cementation

5. The process by which minerals or compounds such as silica or iron-oxide bind clastic fragments together is called A. deposition B. stratification C. compaction D. cementation

6. The arrangement of sedimentary rocks in layers is called A. deposition B. stratification C. compaction D. cementation 7. What process takes place when water or wind loses the force necessary to keep sediments suspended? A. deposition B. stratification C. compaction D. cementation

8. What sedimentary rock is formed from rounded pebbles and gravel cemented together? A. sandstone B. breccia C. conglomerate D. shale

9. What sedimentary rock is formed from silt and clay cemented together? A. sandstone B. breccia C. conglomerate D. shale

10. What sedimentary rock is formed by deep burial of plant matter such as tree trunks? A. limestone B. shale C. coal D. coquina

11. Clastic sedimentary rocks are classified according to the size and of the particles that make up the rock. A. color B. shape C. length D. age

12. Sediments that form sedimentary rocks are carried by a process called aided by wind, water, ice, gravity and volcanic eruptions. A. erosion B. weathering C. deposition D. compaction

13. What are the remains of plants or animals preserved in sedimentary rocks called? A. mudcracks B. geodes C. fossils D. clasts 14. What are sedimentary structures formed in sediments in rivers, oceans, or deserts by the force of wind or water called? A. graded bedding B. ripple marks C. mudcracks D. geodes

15. These sedimentary structures can be formed when fine, moist sediments dry out and they indicate that the area where they were formed was seasonally wet and the dry. A. graded bedding B. ripple marks C. mudcracks D. geodes

16. Frost wedging would be an example of what type of weathering? A. chemical B. biochemical C. mechanical D. biomechanical

17. The formation showed below is called and is a result of seasonal flooding. A. graded bedding B. ripple marks C. mudcracks D. geodes

18. To a geologist the deposits below indicate that A. there was a desert in this area B. cross-bedding is present C. there was seasonal flooding in this area D. a glacier carried these sediments

19. The sediments below A. will form breccia B. are poorly sorted C. are well sorted D. are igneous rocks

20. Soil horizons or layers develop because of A. evaporation and transpiration B. weathering, climate and biological activity C. compacting and cementing D. faulting and folding 21. The correct order in the development of the soil stages from youngest to most mature in the diagram below is A. I, II, IV, III B. III, I, II, IV C. II, IV, III, I D. III, II, IV, I

22. During transport by a river, sediments will tend to become A. more angular B. more rounded C. heavier D. larger

23. As the velocity of a stream or river decreases, the amount of transported sediment A. decreases B. increases C. stays the same D. is not affected

24. A landscape or region of bedrock that has sinkholes, underground rivers and caves is said to have topography. A. artesian B. aquifer C. sandy D. karst

25. Caves and sinkholes are characteristic of regions with what rock as the bedrock? A. limestone or dolomite B. granite C. basalt D. gneiss

26. The picture below shows that one of the main pollution problems associated with sinkholes is that A. they can destroy roadways B. tractors and horses can fall into them C. homes can be damaged D. they can connect directly to the water table

27. Stalactites and stalagmites can develop regions of karst topography inside of caves. How do they develop? A. The deposition of carbonate deposits by dripping water in caves. B. The intrusion of granite. C. The formation of crystals that grow as water that hallows out a cavern. D. The carving of limestone by the swirling of water.

28. Which choice best describes the physical weathering shown by the diagram below? A. Roots have grown and spread the rock apart, enlarging the crack. B. Water has expanded when it froze, enlarging the crack. C. The climate was warm and humid, enlarging the crack. D. Animals have burrowed and dug into the cliff face, enlarging the crack.

29. Which climatic conditions would normally cause the greatest amount of chemical weathering? A. cool and dry B. cool and moist C. warm and dry D. warm and moist

30. The rounded pebbles of the rock below have been cemented to form the rock . A. granite B. conglomerate C. siltstone D. breccia

Section II: Diagrams & Labeling Use the diagram to the right to answer questions 31-34. You may use a layer more than once. Mark your final answer on the answer sheet. (4 points)

31. The un-weathered parent material from which residual soil is produced? 32. Dark, organic-rich layer.

33. Layer of weathered bedrock.

34. Layer where the greatest amount of weathering and erosion occurs.

Use the diagram to the right to assign a letter to the landform listed in the column to the left. Mark your final answer on the answer sheet. (11 points)

35. alluvial fan

36. drainage basin/divide/ watershed

37. oxbow lake

38. floodplain

39. delta

40. tributary

41. meander

42. cut bank

43. point bar

44. braided river

45. oxbow swamp

Using the diagram showing a cross section of the groundwater system below, write what each letter represents on the lines below. (3 points)

46. A 47. B

48. C.

Sort each of the natural resources below into renewable or nonrenewable. DO NOT write a natural resource under both columns or it will be counted as wrong. (10 points) COAL, OIL, NATURAL GAS, WATER, WIND, SOLAR, NUCLEAR, GEOTHERMAL, WOOD, and ROCKS/MINERALS 49-59. RENEWABLE NON-RENEWABLE

Use the following diagram to answer the questions about the cross section of the Earth. (10 points)

60. Give the letter of the youngest rock layer. 61. Give the letter of the oldest rock layer. 62. Name a law or rule of geologic dating that proves X is younger than layers D and E.

63. Between which two layers is the first unconformity? and 64. Give the letter of one igneous intrusion. 65. Which rock layer is older, B or C? 66. Which rock layer is older, A or X? 67. Which rock layer is older, Y or X? 68. What type of unconformity is represented by layers A-X being faulted and tilted?

Section III: Short Answer

69. Describe what causes the “cone of depression” to form. (2pts)

70. How does porosity contribute to permeability? (5 pts)

71. Compare and contrast U-shaped and V-shaped valleys. (5 pts)

72. What is the difference between residual and transported soils? (5 pts)

73. List the 5 agents of erosion. Choose one and describe how sediments are transported. (7 points)

74. List and describe 2 forms of mass wasting. (4 points)

75. Compare and contrast chemical and mechanical weathering. (4 points)