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COMPOSITION and ABUNDANCE of SHRIMP SPECIES (PENAEIDEA and CARIDEA) in FORTALEZA BAY, UBATUBA, SAO PAULO, BRAZIL Adilson Fransozo, Rogerio C

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COMPOSITION and ABUNDANCE of SHRIMP SPECIES (PENAEIDEA and CARIDEA) in FORTALEZA BAY, UBATUBA, SAO PAULO, BRAZIL Adilson Fransozo, Rogerio C Composition and abundance of shrimp COMPOSITION AND ABUNDANCE OF SHRIMP SPECIES (PENAEIDEA AND CARIDEA) IN FORTALEZA BAY, UBATUBA, SAO PAULO, BRAZIL Adilson Fransozo, Rogerio C. Costa, Fernando L. Af. Mantelatto, Marcelo A. A. Pinheiro and Sandro Santos NEBECC.Croup of Studies on Crustacean Biology. Ecology and Culture AF& RCC. Depto. de Zoologia. IBB. UNESR s/n. 18618-000. Botucatu. SP. Brasil fransozo<aibb.unesp.br FLVf.W. Depto. de Biologia - FFCLRP - Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP) • Av. Bandeirantes. 5900 - 14040-901. Riberao Preto. SP. Brasil MAAP. Depto de Biologia Aplicada - FCAV- UNESP - 14870-000. faboticabal. SP Brasil SS. Depto de Biologia - CCSE - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. 97119-900. Santa Maria. RS. Brasil ABSTRACT In spite of their economic importance, only a few studies have been conducted so far on the shrimp fauna of Sao The abundance and spatio-temporal distribu­ ftulo, namely those on their taxonomy (ChristDffersen 1982, tion of the caridean and penaeid fauna from Fortaleza D'Incao 1995, Costa et ai 2000), abundance (Pins 1992, Bay, Ubatuba, Sao Paulo. Brazil were analyzed. Seven Nakagakietal 1995) and population biology (Rodrigueset transects were sampled over a one year period from No­ aL 1993. Chacur and Negrenos-Fransozo 1998, Nakagaki vember 1988 to October 1989. A total of 17047 shrimps and Negreiros-rTansozo 1998, Costa and Fransozo 1999). were captured representing 15 species belonging to 5 Trie aim of the present paper is to characterize the families. The interaction of temperature and type of sedi­ caridean and penaeid fauna from Fonaleza Bay, Ubatuba ment was fundamental in determining the presence and (SP) Brazil with emphasis on their abundance and spatio- abundance of shrimp species in die area. temporal distribution as a function of the most relevant en­ vironmental factors, Le. temperature, salinity, depth, organic I. INTRODUCTION matter contents and sediment grain-size composition. Since human populations are growing along II. MATERIALS AND METHODS coastlines and their resultant anthropogenic impact thus increasing, gathering accurate information on benthic Fortaleza Bay is located in the northern coast of communities is urgently needed for proper management the State of Sao Paulo (23° 29*30'* to 23° 52*30" S and and conservation of coastal ecosystems (Alongi 1989). 45° 06'30" to 45° 10'30** W). According to Castro-Filho Along the Brazilian coast the shrimp fauna is rep- etaL(1987) this region is affected by three water masses roeruedby6lspeck5ofDeridrobr^ wim different distribution patterns in summer and winter. 58 species'c^Alpheoidea (Hohhuis 1993) and 48 species of The Coastal Water (CW) mass is characterized by a high feiaemonoidea (Ramos-Porto 1986). In Sao Paulo State, temperature and low salinity, the Tropical "Water (TW) dendrobranchiates, palaemonoids and atpheoids comprise rrassbyahighteTnperatuiearKJhJghsalirury.amitrieSoum 19,14, and 25 species, respectively (ChristofFersen 1982, Atlantic Central "vVater (SACW) mass by a low tempera­ Hdthuis 1995, D'Incao 1995. Costa etal. 2000). ture and salinity following an annual cycle. E. Escobar- Briones <k F. Alvarez Eos. Kluwer Academic/ Plenum Publishers MODERN APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF CRUSTACEA PR 117-125 A. Fransozo, R.C. Costa, ELM. atto, MAA. Pinheiro & S. Santos The species constancy index (C) was calcu­ lated according to Dajoz (1985): OpxlOO/P, where "p" is the number of samples in which a given species was recorded, and "P* the total number of samples analyzed. Species were classified in three different cat­ egories: constant (C > 50%). accessory (25% < C < 50%), and accidental (C < 25%). For diversity anaty- ses. the Shannon-Wiener (H1) and equitabtlity (I*) indi­ ces were calculated as indicated by Krebs (1989). Table 1. Average values of abiotic factors obtained in each transect during the periodfrom November 1988 to October 1989. Sediment grain composition is expressed as Phi ($1 values. Depth Phi Salinity Organic Matter Transect (m) • (%e) (%) 1 11.2 £0.9 2.9 54.8 = 0.8 4.4 = 2.5 II 7.0 = 0.9 2.5 54.3 £ 1.3 6.7 * 2.4 Ml 8.5 = 0.9 5.8 34.4 * t.l 2.3 £ 1.5 IV 4.4 = 0.6 3.3 33.5 £ 1.5 1.8 £ 1.3 V 7.1 = 0.8 2.7 54.4 £ t.l 5.5 £ 1.4 VI 11.1 £ 1.2 3.4 54.4 s 1.1 5.1 £ 1.8 VII 13.3 £ 1.6 3.5 54.9 = 1.7 4.6 * 5.6 *y iff 45* or *5' or *yor Figure 1. Map of the Fonaleza Bay. III. RESULTS Shrimps were sampled in Fbrtaleza Bay. us­ A total of 17047 specimens was obtained compris­ ing a 7.5 m long double-rig net with a 10 mm mesh ing 15 species belonging to 5 families: Penaeidae, size cod end. Samplings were performed monthly over Sdenoceridae, SicyonOdae, Maemonidae, and Hippolybdae. a year, from November 1988 to October 1989. During The family fcnaeidae showed the highest species richness (6 the monthly samplings, 7 trawls (transects) of I km species) and abundance (16610 individuals). each (Fig. 1) were performed. Xiphopenaeus kroyeri (Heller, 1862) was a Average depth at Fbrtaleza Bay is 9 m (range constant species (78%). followed by the accessory spe­ 4.4 • 13.5 m). The mean annual values for tempera­ cies Artemesia tonginaris Bate. 1888 (18.1 %). The spe­ ture and salinity were 23.5°C (range21 • 28.i°C) and cies Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis (Latreffle, 1817), 54.4%o (range 52.4 - 55.6%o). The mean value of or­ Farfantepenaeus paulensis (Perez Farfante. 1967), ganic matter content for the whole sampled year was Litopenaeusschmitti (Burkenroad. 1956), Rimapenaeus 4.07% (range 2.5 • 6.6%) and the sediment grain-size constrictus (Srimpson, 1874), Pieoticus muetleri (Bate, composition, expressed in Phi values (*) (Suguio 1975). 1888), Sicyonia dorsalis Kingsley, 1878, Sicyonia typica showed a predominance of fine and very fine sand frac­ (Boeck, 1864), Sicyonia laevigata Stimpson. 1871, tions for most transects (Table 1). A detailed descrip­ Nematopalaemonschmitti (Holthuis, \95Q),Palaemon tion of sampling methods and the analysis of environ­ pandaliformis (Stimpson, 1871) and Exhippolysmata mental factors at Fortaleza Bay, during the same pe­ oplophoroides (Holthuis. 1948) were considered as ac­ riod, are available elsewhere (Negreiros-Fransozo et cidental contributing with only 5.9% of the total abun­ al 1991). dance (Table 2). The relationship between species abundance With the exception of X kroyeri, recorded and the variation of studied abiotic factors was assessed throughout the year, the occurrence of shrimp species varied by means of examining Pearson's correlation throughout the sampling period (Table 5).Farfantepenaeus coefficients at the 5% significance level (Zar 1996). brasUensis and E paulensis were present in samples from 118 Composition and abundance of shrimp ^2.Spedesa^X3a^andagnber<fsh^ea^ C»aw»ityCb-ODrtsmMc««ast^«i^ Transects I r— mrt/Spccto I II III IV V VI VII Tool C SNAHDAE Xjfrpenima krvytri 2263 434 2224 1160 394 2378 4445 13298 Co fajpatptnotus braaUeraa 9 61 4 0 0 1 5 80 Ad fffaapentma paukrws 7 47 I 0 1 1 0 57 Ad 12 6 LfapgMfUS schmwi 7 16 4 4 3 52 Ad 1 3 fgMptnaeus constriaia 0 0 1 5 27 35 Ad 1151 /gmm* Umpnaris 5 276 172 0 435 1049 5088 Ac 3443 Svtoul 536 2512 1348 400 2822 3529 16610 SOLENOCERIDAE 9 21 ftggdcus mutUeri 1 0 5 10 105 131 Ad 9 S«fcwl 21 1 0 5 10 105 151 SJCYONIIDAf Sgema donatis 6 8 2 0 0 9 26 51 Ad 5 5 0 0 0 4 2 16 Ad 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 Ad 11 frhmral 13 2 0 1 13 28 68 MLAEOMONIDAE Abwrnopninfiioi sehmini 0 0 4 0 0 0 1 5 Ad AHMMOR pandaufounts 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 Ad Irtsoul 0 1 4 0 0 0 1 6 mPTOUTlDAE EMppotvsrrwta opiophomdes 52 3 60 0 1 8 88 212 Ad Satoou! 52 3 60 0 1 8 88 212 3515 TOTAL 594 2579 1348 407 2855 5771 17047 March to May (autumn), L sehmini and £ opiophoroides dance was negatively correlated with temperature and during late autumn and winter and. finally, A longinaris positively correlated with salinity. recorded during summer and winter months. Highest species richness and diversity were Diversity and equitabiliry indices showed great found in transects I and II. At those sites, sediments are '•nation diroughout the study period being higher from mainly composed of very fine sand associated to other November to lanuary and from May to August, when larger grains, and a high organic content in the sedi­ fewer mean temperatures were recorded (fig. 2). ment. High richness values were also obtained at The occurrence of only three species, i.e. X. transects VI and VI (, but differences among the remain­ boyeri, A longinaris and £. opiophoroides, was shown ing transects were not significant. At those latter sites, 10 be correlated to environmental factors, chiefly to relatively lower abundance values reflect lower diversity fcpth (Table 4). Xiphopenaeus kroyeri was captured in with a strong prevalence ofX kroyeri and A longinaris •was where Phi values for grain-size composition var- compared to sites I and II. Lowest diversity and *d between 3 and 4. In die case of A longinaris, abun- equitabflity indices were obtained at transect V (Fig. 2). 119 A. Fransozo. R.C. Costa. E.LM. Mantelatto. MAA. Pinheiro <fc S. Santos Table 3. Number of shrimps collected from November 1988 to October 1989 in Fortaleza Bay. Month* ^" Famflio/Species N D I F M A M I ! A S 0 TO PENAEIDAE Xtphopenatm kroyeri 946 385 628 385 968 1468 1063 848 1364 5066 1180 1001 13298 Farfcmupenaeus brasitiensis I 3 0 0 30 32 14 0 0 0 0 0 80 Farfamepenaeus paulensis 0 0 0 0 28 11 17 1 0 0 0 0 57 Liiopenaew schmitti 1 I 0 0 0 0 11 16 16 4 5 0 52 Rimapenaeus consmctus 26 1 0 0 0 1 2 5 0 0 1 1 55 Artmaia bnginaris 145 810 865 108 1 2 15 199 684 261 0 0 5088 Subtotal 1119 1198 1491 491 1027 1514 1122 1067 2064 3331 1184 1002 SOLENOCERIDAE Pteoticus mueiteri 92 0 24 0 0 0 12 0 8 0 0 15 151 Subtotal 92 0 24 0 0 0 12 0 8 0 0 15 SICYONHDAE Skyonia donate 9 25 2 5 2 0 1 I 1 5 0 2 51 Skyonia typica 0 5 9 0 0 0 0 1 3 0 0 0 16 Sicyonia laevigata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Subtotal 9 28 11 5 2 0 1 2 4 5 2 PALAEOMONIDAE Nematopalaemon schmitti 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 5 Palaemon pandatiforrrm 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 I 1 Subtotal 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 HIPPOLYTIDAE Exhippotysmata 18 5 1 0 11 4 34 43 1 61 34 212 optophoroida Subtotal 18 5 I 0 11 4 34 43 1 61 54 TOTAL 1240 1229 1527 494 1040 1518 1169 1113 2077 5598 1187 1055 17047 IV DISCUSSION in the studied region (Pires 1992).
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