Composition and abundance of shrimp

COMPOSITION AND ABUNDANCE OF SHRIMP SPECIES (PENAEIDEA AND CARIDEA) IN FORTALEZA BAY, UBATUBA, SAO PAULO, BRAZIL Adilson Fransozo, Rogerio C. Costa, Fernando L. Af. Mantelatto, Marcelo A. A. Pinheiro and Sandro Santos

NEBECC.Croup of Studies on Crustacean Biology. Ecology and Culture AF& RCC. Depto. de Zoologia. IBB. UNESR s/n. 18618-000. Botucatu. SP. Brasil

fransozo

ABSTRACT In spite of their economic importance, only a few studies have been conducted so faro n the shrimp fauna of Sao The abundance and spatio-temporal distribu­ ftulo, namely those on their taxonomy (ChristDffersen 1982, tion of the caridean and penaeid fauna from Fortaleza D'Incao 1995, Costa et ai 2000), abundance (Pins 1992, Bay, Ubatuba, Sao Paulo. Brazil were analyzed. Seven Nakagakietal 1995) and population biology (Rodrigueset transects were sampled over a one year period from No­ aL 1993. Chacur and Negrenos-Fransozo 1998, Nakagaki vember 1988 to October 1989. A total of 17047 shrimps and Negreiros-rTansozo 1998, Costa and Fransozo 1999). were captured representing 15 species belonging to 5 Trie aim of the present paper is to characterize the families. The interaction of temperature and type of sedi­ caridean and penaeid fauna from Fonaleza Bay, Ubatuba ment was fundamental in determining the presence and (SP) Brazil with emphasis on their abundance and spatio- abundance of shrimp species in die area. temporal distribution as a function of the most relevant en­ vironmental factors, Le. temperature, salinity, depth, organic I. INTRODUCTION matter contents and sediment grain-size composition.

Since human populations are growing along II. MATERIALS AND METHODS coastlines and their resultant anthropogenic impact thus increasing, gathering accurate information on benthic Fortaleza Bay is located in the northern coast of communities is urgently needed for proper management the State of Sao Paulo (23° 29*30'* to 23° 52*30" S and and conservation of coastal ecosystems (Alongi 1989). 45° 06'30" to 45° 10'30** W). According to Castro-Filho Along the Brazilian coast the shrimp fauna is rep- etaL(1987) this region is affected by three water masses roeruedby6lspeck5ofDeridrobr^ wim different distribution patterns in summer and winter. 58 species'c^Alpheoidea (Hohhuis 1993) and 48 species of The Coastal Water (CW) mass is characterized by a high feiaemonoidea (Ramos-Porto 1986). In Sao Paulo State, temperature and low salinity, the Tropical "Water (TW) dendrobranchiates, palaemonoids and atpheoids comprise rrassbyahighteTnperatuiearKJhJghsalirury.amitrieSoum 19,14, and 25 species, respectively (ChristofFersen 1982, Atlantic Central "vVater (SACW) mass by a low tempera­ Hdthuis 1995, D'Incao 1995. Costa etal. 2000). ture and salinity following an annual cycle.

E. Escobar- Briones

The species constancy index (C) was calcu­ lated according to Dajoz (1985): OpxlOO/P, where "p" is the number of samples in which a given species was recorded, and "P* the total number of samples analyzed. Species were classified in three different cat­ egories: constant (C > 50%). accessory (25% < C < 50%), and accidental (C < 25%). For diversity anaty- ses. the Shannon-Wiener (H1) and equitabtlity (I*) indi­ ces were calculated as indicated by Krebs (1989).

Table 1. Average values of abiotic factors obtained in each transect during the periodfrom November 1988 to October 1989. Sediment grain composition is expressed as Phi ($1 values.

Depth Phi Salinity Organic Matter Transect (m) • (%e) (%) 1 11.2 £0.9 2.9 54.8 = 0.8 4.4 = 2.5 II 7.0 = 0.9 2.5 54.3 £ 1.3 6.7 * 2.4 Ml 8.5 = 0.9 5.8 34.4 * t.l 2.3 £ 1.5 IV 4.4 = 0.6 3.3 33.5 £ 1.5 1.8 £ 1.3 V 7.1 = 0.8 2.7 54.4 £ t.l 5.5 £ 1.4 VI 11.1 £ 1.2 3.4 54.4 s 1.1 5.1 £ 1.8 VII 13.3 £ 1.6 3.5 54.9 = 1.7 4.6 * 5.6

*y iff 45* or *5' or *yor Figure 1. Map of the Fonaleza Bay. III. RESULTS

Shrimps were sampled in Fbrtaleza Bay. us­ A total of 17047 specimens was obtained compris­ ing a 7.5 m long double-rig net with a 10 mm mesh ing 15 species belonging to 5 families: Penaeidae, size cod end. Samplings were performed monthly over Sdenoceridae, SicyonOdae, Maemonidae, and Hippolybdae. a year, from November 1988 to October 1989. During The family fcnaeidae showed the highest species richness (6 the monthly samplings, 7 trawls (transects) of I km species) and abundance (16610 individuals). each (Fig. 1) were performed. Xiphopenaeus kroyeri (Heller, 1862) was a Average depth at Fbrtaleza Bay is 9 m (range constant species (78%). followed by the accessory spe­ 4.4 • 13.5 m). The mean annual values for tempera­ cies Artemesia tonginaris Bate. 1888 (18.1 %). The spe­ ture and salinity were 23.5°C (range21 • 28.i°C) and cies Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis (Latreffle, 1817), 54.4%o (range 52.4 - 55.6%o). The mean value of or­ Farfantepenaeus paulensis (Perez Farfante. 1967), ganic matter content for the whole sampled year was Litopenaeusschmitti (Burkenroad. 1956), Rimapenaeus 4.07% (range 2.5 • 6.6%) and the sediment grain-size constrictus (Srimpson, 1874), Pieoticus muetleri (Bate, composition, expressed in Phi values (*) (Suguio 1975). 1888), Sicyonia dorsalis Kingsley, 1878, Sicyonia typica showed a predominance of fine and very fine sand frac­ (Boeck, 1864), Sicyonia laevigata Stimpson. 1871, tions for most transects (Table 1). A detailed descrip­ Nematopalaemonschmitti (Holthuis, \95Q),Palaemon tion of sampling methods and the analysis of environ­ pandaliformis (Stimpson, 1871) and Exhippolysmata mental factors at Fortaleza Bay, during the same pe­ oplophoroides (Holthuis. 1948) were considered as ac­ riod, are available elsewhere (Negreiros-Fransozo et cidental contributing with only 5.9% of the total abun­ al 1991). dance (Table 2). The relationship between species abundance With the exception of X kroyeri, recorded and the variation of studied abiotic factors was assessed throughout the year, the occurrence of shrimp species varied by means of examining Pearson's correlation throughout the sampling period (Table 5).Farfantepenaeus coefficients at the 5% significance level (Zar 1996). brasUensis and E paulensis were present in samples from

118 Composition and abundance of shrimp

^2.Spedesa^X3a^andagnber

Transects I r— mrt/Spccto I II III IV V VI VII Tool C SNAHDAE Xjfrpenima krvytri 2263 434 2224 1160 394 2378 4445 13298 Co fajpatptnotus braaUeraa 9 61 4 0 0 1 5 80 Ad fffaapentma paukrws 7 47 I 0 1 1 0 57 Ad 12 6 LfapgMfUS schmwi 7 16 4 4 3 52 Ad 1 3 fgMptnaeus constriaia 0 0 1 5 27 35 Ad 1151 /gmm* Umpnaris 5 276 172 0 435 1049 5088 Ac 3443 Svtoul 536 2512 1348 400 2822 3529 16610

SOLENOCERIDAE 9 21 ftggdcus mutUeri 1 0 5 10 105 131 Ad 9 S«fcwl 21 1 0 5 10 105 151

SJCYONIIDAf Sgema donatis 6 8 2 0 0 9 26 51 Ad 5 5 0 0 0 4 2 16 Ad 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 Ad 11 frhmral 13 2 0 1 13 28 68

MLAEOMONIDAE Abwrnopninfiioi sehmini 0 0 4 0 0 0 1 5 Ad AHMMOR pandaufounts 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 Ad Irtsoul 0 1 4 0 0 0 1 6 mPTOUTlDAE EMppotvsrrwta opiophomdes 52 3 60 0 1 8 88 212 Ad Satoou! 52 3 60 0 1 8 88 212 3515 TOTAL 594 2579 1348 407 2855 5771 17047

March to May (autumn), L sehmini and £ opiophoroides dance was negatively correlated with temperature and during late autumn and winter and. finally, A longinaris positively correlated with salinity. recorded during summer and winter months. Highest species richness and diversity were Diversity and equitabiliry indices showed great found in transects I and II. At those sites, sediments are '•nation diroughout the study period being higher from mainly composed of very fine sand associated to other November to lanuary and from May to August, when larger grains, and a high organic content in the sedi­ fewer mean temperatures were recorded (fig. 2). ment. High richness values were also obtained at The occurrence of only three species, i.e. X. transects VI and VI (, but differences among the remain­ boyeri, A longinaris and £. opiophoroides, was shown ing transects were not significant. At those latter sites, 10 be correlated to environmental factors, chiefly to relatively lower abundance values reflect lower diversity fcpth (Table 4). Xiphopenaeus kroyeri was captured in with a strong prevalence ofX kroyeri and A longinaris •was where Phi values for grain-size composition var- compared to sites I and II. Lowest diversity and *d between 3 and 4. In die case of A longinaris, abun- equitabflity indices were obtained at transect V (Fig. 2).

119 A. Fransozo. R.C. Costa. E.LM. Mantelatto. MAA. Pinheiro

Table 3. Number of shrimps collected from November 1988 to October 1989 in Fortaleza Bay. Month* ^" Famflio/Species N D I F M A M I ! A S 0 TO PENAEIDAE Xtphopenatm kroyeri 946 385 628 385 968 1468 1063 848 1364 5066 1180 1001 13298 Farfcmupenaeus brasitiensis I 3 0 0 30 32 14 0 0 0 0 0 80 Farfamepenaeus paulensis 0 0 0 0 28 11 17 1 0 0 0 0 57 Liiopenaew schmitti 1 I 0 0 0 0 11 16 16 4 5 0 52 Rimapenaeus consmctus 26 1 0 0 0 1 2 5 0 0 1 1 55 Artmaia bnginaris 145 810 865 108 1 2 15 199 684 261 0 0 5088 Subtotal 1119 1198 1491 491 1027 1514 1122 1067 2064 3331 1184 1002

SOLENOCERIDAE Pteoticus mueiteri 92 0 24 0 0 0 12 0 8 0 0 15 151 Subtotal 92 0 24 0 0 0 12 0 8 0 0 15

SICYONHDAE Skyonia donate 9 25 2 5 2 0 1 I 1 5 0 2 51 Skyonia typica 0 5 9 0 0 0 0 1 3 0 0 0 16 Sicyonia laevigata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Subtotal 9 28 11 5 2 0 1 2 4 5 2

PALAEOMONIDAE Nematopalaemon schmitti 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 5 Palaemon pandatiforrrm 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 I 1 Subtotal 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1

HIPPOLYTIDAE Exhippotysmata 18 5 1 0 11 4 34 43 1 61 34 212 optophoroida Subtotal 18 5 I 0 11 4 34 43 1 61 54 TOTAL 1240 1229 1527 494 1040 1518 1169 1113 2077 5598 1187 1055 17047

IV DISCUSSION in the studied region (Pires 1992). The species Utopenaeus schmitti, Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis and From the 61 species of Dendrobranchiata E paulensis were less abundant, probably due to the already recorded along the Brazilian coast, 10 spe­ lack of large estuarine areas within the northern coast cies were captured at Fortaleza Bay. Considering the of the State of Sao Paulo (Costa and Fransozo 1999). limited area covered in the present study, it may be where certain penaeid species often constitute large concluded that the shrimp fauna is well represented populations (S toner 1988). at the study area. The diversity of the caridean group was com­ Within the dendrobranchiates,X kroyeri is the paratively lower. Near Ubatuba Bay, where overall abi­ dominant species. It represents the second most im­ otic characterisctics are similar, six other caridean spe­ portant fishery resource along the coast of the State of cies were additionally found (Costa et aL2000). The Sao Paulo, and its trophic relationships may be essen­ relative low richness at Fortaleza Bay may be associ­ tial in maintaining the stability of benthic communities ated to certain ecological features of caridean shrimps.

120 Composition and abundance of shrimp

i -•-H* -o- r out the year. High diversity and equitabOity indices were 08 £- found from November, 1988 to January, 1989 and from June to Jury, 1989, when large numbers ofA longinaris, S i + 06 J* M P. mueUeri, E. opiophoroides and L schmitti were cap­ £ t

121 A. Fransozo, R.C. Costa, ELM. Mantelatto, MAA. Pinheiro & S. Santos

Most of the recorded species are present in Ubatuba, SP. Unpublished M.Sc. Thesis, Institute Fortaleza Bay because very fine sand is the predomi­ de Biociencias - UNESP - Botucatu (SP), 143 p nant sediment fraction at this area (phi > 4). Chacur MM and Negreiros-Fransozo ML (1999) Rimapertaeus constrictus, S. dorsaUs, P. muelleriandX Aspectos biologicos do camario-espinho kroyeri are known to be associated to muddy sediments Exhippolysmata opbphoroides (Holthuis, 1948) (Sanchez and Soto 1987, Boschi 1989, Dali et ai 1990, (Crustacea, Caridea, Hippolytidae). Rev Bras Biol Nakagaki et al 1995, Castro 1997, Costa 1997). 59:173-181 Based on the present findings and previous Christoffersen ML (1982) Distribution of warm research (Fransozo et al. 1992, 1998, Negreiros- water alpheoid shrimp (Crustacea: Caridea) on Fransozo et al. 1997, Costa et ai. 2000), it is sug­ the continental shelf of eastern South America, gested that environmental conditions at Fortaleza Bay between 25*and 55° Lat. S. Bolm Inst Oceanogr are favourable for the establishment and development 31:95-112 of a diverse shrimp guild. Continuing research on Costa RC (1997) Composicao e padroes distribucionais both inshore and offshore areas in this subtropical dos camaroes Penaeoidea (Crustacea: Decapoda), region will provide a more accurate characterization na Enseada de Ubatuba. Ubatuba (SP). Unpub­ of the shrimp diversity and contribute to a better un­ lished M.Sc. Thesis. Instituto de Biociencias • derstanding of their life cycles. UNESP - Botucatu (SP). 129 p Costa RC and Fransozo A (1999) A nursery ground ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS for two tropical pink-shrimp Penaeus species: Ubatuba Bay, northern coast of Sao Paulo, Brazil. We are grateful to the "Fundac,!© de Amparo Nauplius 7:75-81 aPesquisadoEsmdodcSaoPaub(FAPESP),Consdho Costa RC. Fransozo A, Mantelatto FLM and Castro RH Nacional de Deserivohomento Genrifico e Tecnotogico (2000). Occurrences of shrimps (Natanria: Penaeidea (CNPq) and Fundacao para o Desenvolvimento da and Caridea) in Ubatuba Bav, Ubatuba, Sao Paulo, UNESP (FUNDUNESPT for financial support. We Brazil. Proc Biol Soc Wtth 115:776-781 are thankful to Dr. Maria Lucia Negreiros-Fransozo Dajoz R (1985) EcoJogia Ceral. Editora Vozes, EDl'SP, for her constructive comments on early drafts of the Sao Paulo, 472 p manuscript AH experiments conducted in this study DaflW, Hill BI, Rothiisberg PC and Staples D| (1990) comply with current applicable state and federal laws. In: Blaxter IHS and Southward AI (ed) Advances in Marine Biology. San Diego. Academic Press, REFERENCES Vol 27, 489 p D'Incao F (1995) Taxonomia. padroes distribucionais e Alongi DM (1989) Ecology of tropical soft-bottom ecoiogicosdos Dendrobranchiaa (Crustacea: Decapoda) benthos: a review with emphasis on emerging con­ do litoral brasileiro. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, cepts. Rev Biol Trop 57:85-100 Universidade Federal do fcrani Cuririba, 365 p - Boschi EE (1965). Los camarones comerciales de la Fransozo A, Negreiros-Fransozo ML, Mantelatto FLM, familia Penaeidae de la costa Adantica de America Pinheiro MAA and Santos S (1992) Composic.ao e del Sur. Bol Inst Biol Mar 5:1 -59 distribuicao dos Brachyura (Crustacea; Decapoda) Boschi EE (1989) Biobgia pesquera del langostino del do sublitoral nao consolidado na Enseada da litoral patagonico de Argentina {Pteoticus muelllen). Fortaleza. Ubatuba (SP). Rev Bras Biol 52:667-675 Contrib Inst Nac Invest Desarro Fesq Mar del Plata, Fransozo A, Mantelatto FLM, Bertini G, Fernandes- Argentina, 646:5-71 Coes LC and Martinefli IM (1998) Distribution and Castro-Fflho BM, Miranda LB and Myao SY (1987) assemblages of anomuran crustaceans in Ubatuba Condic,oes hidrograficas na plataforma continental Bay, north coast of Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Acta ao largo de Ubatuba: variac.des sazonais e em media Biol Venez 18:17-25 escala. Bolm Inst Oceanogr 55:155-151 Holthuis LB (1993) The recent genera of the caridean Castro RC (1997) Padroes distribucionais do camarao and stenopodidean shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda), Xiphopenaeus kroyeri (Heller, 1862) (Crustacea: with an appendix on the Order Amphionidacea. Leiden, Decapoda: Penaeidae) na enseada de Ubatuba, NarJonaal Natuurhistorisch Museum, 528 p

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