£%%0# YJlO£ZOIL SPILL TRUSTEE COUNCIL

E ~olume ~ ~um~er ~ Trustees move toward the future Restoration Reserve to River otter recovered, fund habitat protection but for most resources and research recovery is incomplete he Trustee Council de­ en years after the T cided March 1 to continue T nation's largest and its dual efforts combining ma­ most destructive oil spill, rine science with habitat most of the fish and wildlife protection as the best long­ species and otherresources in­ term approach for restorahon juredby the spill have not yet of the oil spill-damaged eco­ fully recovered. Only two of system, with special emphasis 28 species and resources listed in the future on research. as injured by the 1989 Exxon After 18 months of public The Trustee Council and Public Advisory Group met in joint session Valdez oil spill in Prince Will­ comment and meetings January 21-22 for a public hearing on updatmg the mjured resources list iam Sound are considered to and possible uses of the Restoration Reserve Photo by Roy Corral throughout the spill region, be fully recovered from the Trustees voted unammously devastating effects of the spill. to split about $170 million in available funds, using about The Trustee Council updated its list of injured resources $115 million to support a long-term research, monitoring, and in February for the first time in 2 1/2 years. "Ten years after community-based restoration effort and $55 million to fund the spill, there has clearly been a lot of progress toward re­ See Restoration Reserve, Page 9 See Injured Resources Update, Page 10

1O-year event looks at legacy of Exxon Valdez

egacy of an Oil Spill: Ten Years after Exxon Valdez is a 8:30 a.m. is designed L two-tiered look at the status of the spill region a decade , as a public event and ~~2'.'''' following the historic spill in Prince William Sound. all presentations are The first day will be a "Report to the Nahon," a public­ free. The scientific oriented event about the people, fish, wildlife, and other symposium will be resources of the spill region. The report will also include a held March 24-27 and broad look at the spill prevention and response network now is geared toward the in place in the sound. scientific community, The second tier of the event is a four-day scientific sympo­ although it is open to sium that will show in detail the findings of 10 years of the public. Registra­ research and monitoring efforts as well as spill prevention tion for the scientific symposium is required and costs $100. and response planning. "The spill region has become one of the most closely stud­ All presentations will be held at the Egan Convention and ied marine systems in the world," said Molly McCammon, Civic Center in Anchorage. The first day overview to be held March 23 beginning at See Legacy of An Oil Spill, Page 3 ------u--p--D==-=-RESm~TI~N::"':""--A--T--E-

Protection of habitat in he protection of about 75,000 acres-of injured by the 1989 oil spill, are also included T valuable habitat in eastern Prince Wllliam in the package deal. eastern Prince William Sound, including land visible from and adja­ Numerous bird species injured by the spill cent to Cordova, is complete. Eighteen months use the Eyak lands for nesting, feeding, molt­ Sound finally complete after the Trustee Council made an offer to ac­ ing and wintering. The area is important to quire a combination of surface rights, pink salmon, sockeye salmon, cutthroat trout, conservationeasements, and timbereasements Dolly Varden, Pacific herring, bald eagles, from Eyak Corporation, all parties involved black oystercatchers, harbor seals, harlequin in the sale have approved the package. Clos­ ducks, river otters and sea otters. The entire ing on the sale took place in early March. region is popular for recreational activities and Shareholders of the corporation voted subsistence food gathering. twice, first by 82 percent and then by 84 per­ Most ofthe land will be administered as part cent, to permanently protect the land. The of the Chugach National Forest. One smaller Trustee Council agreed in July 1997 to spend tract will be managed by the Alaska Division $45 million over a 5-year period to protect the of Parks and Outdoor Recreation as part of the habitat, which includes approximately 80 existing Canoe Passage State Marine Park. salmon streams, numerous lakes and lagoons, 50 miles of freshwater shoreline, and 150 miles of saltwater shoreline. The wooded shorelines of Nelson Bay, Eyak Lake and Hawkins Island, much of it visible from the City of Cordova, are all pro­ tected. Much of Port Gravina, all of Windy Bay and all of Sheep Bay, which are consid­ The northeastem portion of Hawkins Island is ered among the most valuable parcels in protected and will become part of the state manne Prince William Sound for recovery of species park system. Photos by Kevin Hartwell

Chugach National Forest

The Canoe Passage area (top) will be managed by the state as part of the already established marine park. Timber easements will protect the Nelson Bay area (above).

Eyak Habitat Protection Package Orca Bay Eastern Prince William Sound'

LEGEND

_Fee Simple DO Conservation Easement • Timber Easement ~ Previous EVOS Acquisition Other Eyak Corp. Lands D Chugach National Forest liliiii Other Private, Public Lands " Shareholder Land Use Program - Retained Lands DRE~mTmNA u p T E

Continued from Page 1 resf~r:se, and planning for future restoration Legacy of an Oil Spill executive director of the Trustee Council. "It's actiVIties. only appropriate that 10 years after the Exxon Dr. Jane Lubchenco, one of the world's lead­ Valdez disaster, we take a close look at what ing marine scientists, will deliver the luncheon we have leamed and what we have done to keynote address. She will be introduced by safeguard the region from further harm." Lt. Gov. Fran Ulmer. The Report to the Nation will include open­ The noon keynote address will focus on ing remarks by Governor Tony Knowles, "The State of the World's Oceans" rather than representing the state perspective on the legacy on specifics about the Exxon Valdez and its af­ of the spill. A federal perspective will also be termath. Lunch will be available only to those presented. people who registered before March 1. Plenty Morning presentations will include the cur­ of seating will be available for others who want rent status of fish and wildlife in the spill region, to listen to the speech but did not register early the council's habitat protection program, and for the lunch. the council's research and monitoring program. The Trustee Council is hosting a reception Aftemoon sessions will focus on the hLUnan di­ at the civic center following the first day's Re­ mensions of the spill, oil spill prevention and port to the Nation.

Report to t~e Nation Dr. Jane Lubchenco will deliver the Tuesday, March 23, 1999 keynote address on "The State of the World's Oceans" during the 8:45am Welcome and Introduction luncheon March 23. Tickets for the Craig Tillery, Trustee Representative, Alaska Department of Law lunch itself are no longer available but there will be plenty of seating 9:00am State and Federal Perspectives on the Legacy of the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill for anyone who wants to listen to Honorable Tony Knowles, Govemor; State of Alaska the address without having lunch. George T. Frampton Jr., Acting Chair; Council on Environmental Quality (tentative) Dr. Lubchenco is a professor of marine biology and zoology at the 9:40am Essay Contest Grand Champion "Ten Years After Exxon Valdez: WeRemember . .. We Learn" University of Oregon. She sits on the board of directors of the To be announced National Science Foundation and is 9:25am What is the Status of Fish and Wildlife Injured by the Oil Spill? past president of the American Association for the Advancement of Frank Rue, Trustee and Commissioner; Alaska Department of Ash and Game Science and the Ecological Society of America. 10:45 am Habitat Protection Following the Exxon Valdez: A Lasting Treasure Dave Gibbons, Trustee and Supervisor; Chugach National Forest Marilyn Heiman, Trustee and Special Assistant to the Secretary, Department of the Interior Alaska Native Perspectives: Emil Christianson, President, Old Harbor Native Corporation Nancy Bames, President. Eyak Corporation

11:30 am Research and Monitoring: Restoration Through Knowledge and Management Dr. Robert Spies, Chief Scientist, Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Restoration Program

Noon Keynote Address by Dr. Jane Lubchenco: "The State of the World's Oceans"

1:30pm Human Dimensions of the Oil Spill Introduction: Molly McCammon, Executive Director; Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council Alaska Native Perspective: Gary Kompkoff, President, Tatitlek IRA Council Community Perspective: Jerome Selby, former Mayor; Kodiak Island Borough

3:15pm Oil Spill Response and Prevention: Can it Happen Again? Reception open to all Introduction: Michele Brown, Trustee and Commissioner, Department of Environmental Conservation • The public is invited to a free Prevention: Robert Malone, President, AJyeska Pipeline Service Company reception following the Report to Response: Kurt Fredriksson, Director; Spill Prevention and Response, ADEC the Nation. The reception will honor Cleanup: Alan Mearns, Senior Scientist, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration present and past Trustees, Citizen Oversight: Stan Stephens, Chairman, PWS Regional Citizens' Advisory Council featuring brief comments from former attorney general and trustee 4:30pm Planning for the Future: Restoration in the 21st Century Charlie Cole, former Department of Steve Pennoyer; Trustee and Alaska Director; National Marine Rsheries Service the Interior trustee Deborah Williams, and former council 5:3O-7pm Public Reception" executIve director Jim Ayers. _------=O'I~=-=--=:E~Tffi~TWN~i\ --'-1'-----:-:c- ---:--"------:.-. E

The scientific symposium will be a lO-year review of Exxon Valdez­ related research and planning efforts. The following is a list of presentations and posters expected for the three-day event, including the scientists and researchers behind the work. Further information about each 1O-year review, of the presentations can be obtained by contacting the researchers directly. The Trustee Council has funded one of the world's largest marine science symposium set for programs involving research, monitoring and restoration of the spill region. March 23-27

Tuesday, March 23, 1999 Overview Session 7:00am Registration 8:45am Welcome and Introduction 9:00am Addresses by Public Officials and Trustees 9:40 am Status of Injury and Recovery 10:25 am Restoration Program Overview - Habitat Protection - Research, Monitoring and General Restoration Noon Lunch (at Egan Center) 12:30 pm Keynote Speaker: Dr. Jane Lubchenco 1:30 pm Human Dimensions of the Oil Spill 3:15 pm Oil Spill Response and Prevention 4:30pm Future of the Restoration Program 5:30 - 7:00 pm Trustee Council Reception

ednesday, March 24, 1999 Technical Session Session 1 Session 2 7:00 am Registration 8:30am Population and Recovery Status 8:30 am Oceanography, Carrying Capacity, & Long-Term Monitoring 10:20 am Food Chain Effects Noon Lunch (on your own) 1:10 pm Population and Recovery Status (Con't.) 1: 10 pm Sound Ecosystem Assessment (SEA) Project 2:30pm Direct Restoration, Supplementation, and Enhancement 5:45 - 8:00 pm Reception and Poster Session

ursday, March 25, 1999 Technical Session 7:30am Registration 8:30 am Intertidal and Subtidal Effects and Recovery 8:30 am Fate, Transport, and Monitoring of Oil 11:00 am Subsistence, Communities, and Human Dimensions 11 :00 am Salmon, Herring, and Toxicity of Oil Noon Lunch (on your own) 1:10 pm Subsistence, Communities, & Human Dimensions (Con't.) 1:10 pm Salmon, Herring, and Toxicity of Oil (Con't) 1:50 pm Nearshore Vertebrate Predator (NVP) Project 6:30 - 9:00 pm Alaska Wildlife Response Center Reception (off site)

Friday, March 26, 1999 Technical Session 7:30am Registration 8:30am Response, Prevention, and Treatment 8:30 am Nutrition, Physiology, and Disease 11 :20 am Alaska Predator Ecosystem Experiment (APEX) Project Noon Lunch (on your own) 1:10pm Response, Prevention, & Treatment (Con't.) 1: 10 pm Alaska Predator Ecosystem Experiment (APEX) (Con 'f.) 4:30pm Summary and Concluding Remarks

aturday, March 27, 1999 7:30 am - 7:30 pm Reid Trip to the Alaska SeaLife Center and Gray Whale Tour, Seward oRE~TffiTmNA u p T E

Population and Recovery Status Direct Restoration, Supplementation, and Management Presentations Historical Sockeye Salmon Growth among Popula­ Presentations tions Affected by the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill and Human Use and Wildlife Disturbance Model for Large Spawning Escapement, Gregory T Western Prince William Sound; Karen A. Murphy, Ruggerone and Donald E. Rogers Lowell H. Suring, and Ali Iliff A Reexamination of Events Influencing the 1993 Cutthroat Trout and Dolly Varden in Prince William Pacific Herring (Clupea pallasi) Population Crash in Sound, Alaska: The Relation among and within Popu­ Prince William Sound, Alaska; K.D.E. Stokesbury lations of Anadromous and Resident Forms; Kitty Progression of Common Murre Nesting Dates at East Griswold, Gordon H. Reeves, and Kenneth P. Currens Amatuli Island, Alaska, during 1993 to 1998; Arthur B. Craig Matkin, principal investigator for killer Allozyme and mtDNA Data Detect Spatial and Tem­ whales. points to Identifying marks on the dorsal Kettle, David G. Roseneau, and G. Vernon Byrd poral Restrictions to Gene Flow in Even- Year Pink fins of members from the AB pod. Photos that Trends in Common Murre Population Numbers at Salmon Inhabiting Prince William Sound, Alaska; are crossed out represent whales that died after the Barren and Chiswell Islands, Alaska, 1989-1998, Christopher Habicht, Lisa W. Seeb, James B. the spill. Photo by Kevin Hartwell David Roseneau, Arthur Kettle, and G. Vernon Byrd Shaklee, and James E Seeb by Communities; Thomas A. Okey, Daniel Pauly, Recovery Monitoring of Harlequin Ducks in Prince Genetics of Pink Salmon: Mapping the Future; FW. Stuart Pimm, Bob Powell, Dave Preikshot, and Tony William Sound, Alaska; Daniel H. Rosenberg and Allendorf, K.L. Knudsen, K.R. Lindner, and P. Spruell Pitcher Michael J. Petrula Coded Wire Tagging and Otolith Thermal Marking as Localized Wind Field Events and Effects in Prince ARetrospective on Marbled Murrelet Injury, Re­ Tools for Fisheries Management in Prince William William Sound; Stephen Bodnar search, and Restoration after the Exxon Valdez Oil Sound; D. Evans Spill; Katherine J. Kuletz Continuing Evaluation of the Port Dick Creek Resto­ Posters Status and Ecology of Kittlitz's Murrelet in Prince ration Project through Gravel Transport Analysis; William Sound, 1996-1998; Robert H. Day and Geoff Coble and Mark Dickson Spatial Analysis of Zooplankton Distributions using Debora A. Nigro A Synthesis of Fisheries Investigations for Restora­ Acoustic Data and Two-Dimensional Kriging; John Chronic Effects of the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill on tion of Injury from the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill; Kern and K.O. Coyle Summertime Marine Birds in Prince William Sound, Phillip R. Mundy and Andrew J. Gunther Pristane Monitoring in Mussels and Predators of Alaska; David B. Irons, Steve Kendall, Walter Juvenile Pink Salmon and Herring; Jeffrey W. Short Erickson, and Lyman L. McDonald Posters and Patricia M. Harris Trend and Habitat Use of Harbor Seals in Prince Pigeon Guillemot Restoration at the Alaska SeaLife William Sound, Alaska, after the Exxon Valdez Oil Center; George J. Divoky, Andrew K. Hovey, and Food Chain Effects Spill; Kathryn J. Frost, Lloyd F Lowry, Jay M. Ver Daniel D. Roby Hoel, and Tracey Gotthardt Kametolook River Coho Salmon Restoration Project; Presentations Comprehensive Killer Whale Investigation; Craig Matkin Lisa Scarbrough and James McCullough The Effects of Food Availability and Diet on Repro­ Evaluating Wildlife Recovery on the Basis of Eco­ The Kachemak Bay Ecological Characterization; duction in Pigeon Guillemots; Michael A. Litzow, system Status: Confounding Effects of Glenn Seaman and Bridget Callahan John F Piatt, and Daniel D. Roby Nondeterminism and Temporal Uncertainty; Glenn R. VanBlaricom, Tamara K. Gage, and Predation on Pacific Herring Spawn by Birds in Allan K. Fukuyama Oceanography, Carrying Capacity, Prince William Sound, Alaska; Mary Anne Bishop and S. Patrick Green The Web of Ecosystem Interconnections as Re­ and Long-Term Monitoring vealed by the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Perturbation of Trends of Forage Fish Availability in Relation to Sea­ Shoreline Habitats: A Synthesis of Direct and Indi­ Presentations bird and Marine Mammal Foraging Activities in rect Effects; Charles H. Peterson Prince William Sound and the Outer Kenai from The Case for Bottom-Up Control of Food Web Dy­ 1995 to t998; E.D. Brown namics in Prince William Sound; C.P. McRoy, R.T Posters Cooney, P. Simpson, A. Ward, K. Tamburello, A Perspective on Harbor Seal Trophic Interactions in and J. Cameron Prince William Sound and the Gulf ofAlaska; A.C. Distribution of Killer Whale Pods in Prince William Hirons and Donald M. Schell Sound, Alaska, 1984-1996; D. Scheel, Craig O. Declining Primary Productivity in the North Pacific: Matkin, and Eva Saulitis Past Implications for Marine Mammal Populations and Changes Ahead; Donald M. Schell and A.C. Hirons Posters Status of Black Oystercatchers in Prince William Sound Ten Years after the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill; Understanding the Prince William Sound Ecosystem Relationship of Bird Abundance to Mytilus Densities Stephen M. Murphy, Todd J. Mabee, M.G. Carls, as a Whole and Its Responses to Perturbations: An at Montague Island and Knight Island; Mary Anne G.D. Marty, J.E. Hose, and R.M. Kocan ECOPATH toward Ecosystem-Based Management Bishop, Paul M. Meyers, and Charles E. O'Clair Sound Ecosystem Assessment Recovery of Prince William Sound Intertidallnfauna from Exxon Valdez Oiling and Shoreline Treatments, 1989-1996: Part IV-Bivalve Recovery Patterns; Presentations D.C. Lees, W.B. Driskell, J.P. Houghton, R.H. Sound Ecosystem Assessment (SEA): Ecological Gilmour, and A.J. Mearns Controls of Pink Salmon and Herring Production in Recovery of Prince William Sound Intertidallnfauna Prince William Sound, Alaska; R.T. Cooney, J.R. from Exxon Valdez Oiling and Shoreline Treatments, Allen, and the entire SEA team 1989-1996: Part V-Hard-Shelled Clams; J.P. Physical Oceanography of Prince William Sound, Houghton, R.H. Gilmour, D.C. Lees, and WB. Driskell Alaska; S.L. Vaughan, C.N.K. Mooers, Jia Wang, Impact and Recovery Trends in Prince William S.M. Gay III, and L.B. Tuttle Sound Intertidal Mussels and Clams; Gary ObseNed and Modeled Plankton Dynamics in Shigenaka, Rebecca Z. Hoff, Douglas A. Coats, Prince William Sound, Alaska: D.L. Eslinger, R.T. and Allan K. Fukuyama Recovery of the intertidal areas is monitored, In Cooney, C.P. McRoy, P. Simpson, A. Ward, K.O. part, by measuring growth of blue mussels in Coyle, Jia Wang, TC. Kline Jr., S.L. Vaughan, J.R. oiled areas and comparing the data to mussels Subsistence, Communities, and Allen, J. Kirsch, and L.B. Tuttle in unoiled areas. Photo by Roy Corral Ecological Processes Influencing Mortality of Juve­ Human Dimensions nile Pink Salmon in Prince William Sound, Alaska; TM. Willette, R.T. Cooney, V. Patrick, G.L. Thomas, Presentations Recovery of Prince William Sound Intertidallnfauna TC. Kline Jr, The Alaska Oil Spill Task Force: A Ten- Year Retro­ from Exxon Valdez Oiling and Shoreline Treatments K. Hyer, G. Carpenter, and M. Clapsad! spective; Thomas S. Nighswander 1989-1996: Part 1-Trends in Assemblage Param­ Life History of Herring in Prince William Sound, eters; J.P. Houghton, R.H. Gilmour, WB. Driskell, Villages, Subsistence, and the Exxon Valdez Oil Alaska; B.L. Norcross, E.D. Brown, R.J. Foy, A.J. D.C. Lees, and AJ. Mearns Spill-What Was Learned?; Judith M. Meidinger Paul, K.D.E. Stokesbury, Sarah J. Thornton, S.M. Gay III, TC. Kline Jr., V. Patrick, S.L. Vaughan, D.M. Recovery of Prince William Sound Intertidallnfauna Risk Assessment of Crude Oil Contaminants in Sub­ Mason, C.N.K. Mooers, and Jia Wang from Exxon Valdez Oiling and Shoreline Treatments sistence Seafood from Prince William Sound; 1989-1996: Part II-Species Composition; D. C. Michael Bolger and Clark D. Carrington Inter-Seasonal and Annual Changes in the Distribu­ Lees, W.B. Driskell, J.P. Houghton, R.H. Gilmour, The Legacy of Impacts to Human Communities: A tion and Abundance of Walleye Pollock (Theragra and AJ. Mearns chalcogramma) in Prince William Sound; G.L. Tho­ Synthesis of Findings; John C. Russell Results of Shoreline Treatment Effects Studies on mas, TM. Willette, J. Kirsch, J.R. Allen, Geoffery The Economic Impacts of the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Subtidal Eelgrass Meadows; Howard Teas and Steinhart, and R.T. Cooney on Alaska Natives: A Ten- Year Retrospective; Howard Cumberland John W. Duffield Posters Concepts of Recovery Examined using Post-Dil The Long-Term Sociocultural Consequences of the Spill Monitoring Data of Rocky Intertidal Assem­ Physical Oceanographic Characteristics of Bays and Exxon Valdez Oil Spill; James A. Fall blages in Prince William Sound, Alaska; Scott Fjords in Prince William Sound, Alaska, used as Kimura, John Steinbeck, and John L. Skalski Continuity of Subsistence in Four Gulf of Alaska Com­ Nursery Habitat by Juvenile Salmon and Pacific munities; Charles J. Utermohle and Robert J. Wolfe Herring; S.M. Gay III and S1. Vaughan Some Effects of Land Buybacks in Oil Spill Commu­ Shifts in Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Isotope Com­ Posters nities; Craig Mishler position-Based Food Web Dependencies Provide Recovery of Prince William Sound Intertidallnfauna Evidence of Biophysical Coupling in Prince William from Exxon Valdez Oiling and Shoreline Treatments, Community Recovery from the Exxon Valdez Oil Sound; TC. Kline Jr. 1989-1996: Part III-Multivariate Analyses; WB. Spill: Mitigating Chronic Social Impacts; J. Steven Driskell, D.C. Lees, J.P. Houghton, R.H. Gilmour, Picou, G. David Johnson, and Duane A Gill and A.J. Mearns Intertidal and Subtidal Effects and Traditional Ecological Knowledge and the Exxon Long- Term Infaunal Recovery following the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Restoration Effort; Rita A. Miraglia, Recovery Valdez Oil Spill, 1990-1997; Allan K. Fukuyama, Hugh Short, Henry P. Huntington, and Douglas A. Coats, Eiji Imamura, and John R. Skalski Patty Brown-Schwalenberg Presentations Occurrence of an Assemblage of Intact Dead Surf Scoter Life History and Ecology: Linking Satel­ Comparison of Study Designs for Assessment of Bivalves in Prince William Sound with Implications lite Telemetry with Traditional Ecological Knowledge; Injury to Intertidal Areas following the Exxon Valdez for Bivalve Populations following the Exxon Valdez Daniel H. Rosenberg and Michael J. Petrula Oil Spill; Allan K. Fukuyama and Glenn R. Oil Spill; Lyman L. McDonald, Charles H. Peterson, Distribution of Herring and Other Forage Fish as VanBlaricom and Roger Green ObseNed by Resource Users; Jody Seitz Subtidal Bivalve Population Structure in Prince Will­ Seven- Year Signal of Intertidal Disturbance following Proactive Resource Management by Native People the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill; WB. Driskell, J. Ruesink, iam Sound, Alaska: Comparisons between Oiled in the Aftermath of the Spill; Monica Riedel D.C. Lees, J.P. Houghton, R. Gilmour, S.C and Unoiled Areas following the Exxon Valdez Oil Lindstrom, A.J. Mearns and Gary Shigenaka Spill; Allan K. Fukuyama and Glenn R. VanBlaricom Youth Area Watch; Jennifer Childress and Joshua Hall II '" JESTff1TWNft T Ii

Posters Posters Chronic Effects of the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill on River Otters: Is Recovery Complete?; R.T. Bowyer, Sampling Strategy for Evaluating Subsistence Sea­ Two Oil Spills in Prince William Sound, Alaska: 1989 G.M. Blundell, L.K. Duffy, TA. Dean, S.C. Jewett, food Safety following an Oil Spill; L. Jay Field and 1964; P.R. Carlson, K.A. Kvenvolden, F.D. J.J. Stegeman, and M. Ben-David Hostettler, R.J. Rosenbauer, and Augusta Warden Community Stress Management for Technological Quantification of Cytochrome P450 1A as a Disasters: A Guidebook for Community Leaders and Tracking Spilled Oil in Prince William Sound: Where Bioindicator of Exposure of Nearshore Vertebrate Mental Health Professionals; Lisa Ka'aihue Was, Where It Is, and Where It Isn't,· F.D. It Predators to Residual Oil from the Exxon Valdez Oil Hostettler, R.J. Rosenbauer, K.A. Kvenvolden, and Alutiiq Pride 1/: Herring, Ducks, and Clams; Gary Spill; B.E. Ballachey, J.L. Bodkin, D. Esler, L. Hoi­ P. R Carlson Kompkoff and William E. Simeone land-Bartels, G.M. Blundell, R.T Bowyer, TA. Dean, The Role of Fine-Particle Interaction in the Natural S.C. Jewett, P.W. Snyder, J.J. Stegeman, Oil Spill Response: Assessing Exposure of Fishery Cleaning of Oiled Shorelines; Edward H. Owens and and K.A. Trust Resources to Petroleum Compounds; Margaret M. Ken Lee Krahn, Donald W. Brown, Jon Buzitis, Tom Hom, Taking a Multiple-Species Approach to Understand­ Lawrence C. Hufnagle, Gina M. Ylitalo, and John ing Recovery of the Nearshore Environment follow­ Stein Salmon, Herring, and Toxicity of Oil ing the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill,' L. Holland-Bartels Managing Seafood Fisheries: Guidance beyond the Posters Exxon Valdez; A.J. Mearns, Gerald A. Pollock, and Presentations Ruth R Vender Responses of River Otters to Oil Contamination: A Effects of Oil and Other Factors on Straying of Pink Archaeology and the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill; Doug Controlled Study of Biological Stress Markers and Salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) in Southeast Reger Foraging Success; M. Ben-David, R.T Bowyer, and Alaska; J.F. Thedinga, A.C. Wertheimer, R.A. Heintz, L.K. Duffy Community-Based Harbor Seal Management and S.D. Rice, and J.M. Maselko Biological Sampling; Monica Riedel and Vicki Vanek Hydrocarbons on Prince William Sound River Otter Persistence of Oil in Salmon Stream Deltas of Fur; LK Duffy, Michelle Hecker, G.M. Blundell, and Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Sociocultural Impacts: Prince Prince William Sound after the Exxon Valdez Oil RT Bowyer WilliamSound Ethnographic Case Study; William E. Spill; M.L. Murphy and S.D. Rice Simeone and Rita A. Miraglia MUltiyear Trends in Growth in Mytilus trossulus at Long- Term Effects of Incubating in Oiled Gravel Herring Bay after the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill; Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Sociocultural Impacts: Lower Reduce Average Fitness in Exposed Pink Salmon Mandy Lindeberg, Susan M. Saupe, and Cook Inlet Ethnographic Case Study; Ronald T (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) Populations; R.A. Charles E. O'Clair Stanek Heintz Comparison of Schnute Growth Parameters for the Synthesis of the Toxicological and Epidemiological Mussel, Mytilus trossulus, Estimated from Age­ Oil Fate, Transport, and Monitoring Impacts of the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill on Pacific Length and Tagging Data; Joshua Millstein and Herring; M.G. Carls, G.D. Marty, J.E. Hose, and Charles E. O'Clair R.M. Kocan Presentations Lessons Learned on the Long-Term Toxicity of Oil to Hydrocarbon Background Prior to the Exxon Valdez Fish: Intersection of Chance, Oil, Biology, Toxicol­ Response, Prevention, and Oil Spill in Prince William Sound, Alaska; KA ogy, and Science; S.D. Rice Treatment Kvenvolden, P.R Carlson, F.D. Hostettler, and RJ. Rosenbauer Presentations The Environmental Persistence of PAH from the Nearshore Predators and Their Prey Exxon Valdez Oil Spill,' Jeffrey W. Short, RA Heintz, Prince William Sound Risk Assessment; John Marie Larsen, and Larry Holland Presentations Harrald, Thomas Mazzuchi, Jason Merrick, John Spahn, J. Rene van Dorp, Martha Grabowski, Tm Effectiveness of Oil Removal from Beaches-Eight The Exxon Valdez Oil Spill and Sea Otters: Ten Fowler, and Erling Saebo Years after the Spill; Christine Brodersen Years Later; J.L. Bodkin, B.E. Ballachey, and D.H. Monson Prince William Sound Oil Spill Response Readiness Three Perspectives on Recovery from Oiling and 1989 vs. 1999; John Kotula and Steve Provant Treatment at Prince William Sound Intertidal Sites: Interactions between Sea Otters, Sea Urchins, and Biology, Geomorphology, and Chemistry; Gary Kelp following the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill: Making Improvements in Planning and Oil Spill Response Shigenaka and Rebecca Z. Hoff Practical Uses of Paradigms in Ecology; TA. Dean, Management Structures; Larry Iwamoto J.L. Bodkin, and S.C. Jewett Robust Oil-Degrading Microorganisms Are Found on Incident Prevention Command-United States; Dale Alaskan Shores; J.R Haines, E.L. Holder, and A.D. Sea Ducks and the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill; Daniel H. Ferriere Venosa Rosenberg and D. Esler The Shoreline Cleanup Assessment Team Concept,· Long- Term Environmental Monitoring Program The Pigeon Guillemot in Prince William Sound: Evi­ Edward H. Owens Data Analysis of Hydrocarbons in Intertidal Mus­ dence of Injury, Status of Recovery, and Factors Alaska's Community and Nearshore Response Pro­ sels and Marine Sediments, 1993-1996; Lisa Limiting PopUlations following the Exxon Valdez Oil gram; Edmund J. Collazzi Ka'aihue Spill; Gregory H. Golet, A. David McGuire, Pamela Seiser, Katherine J. Kuletz, David B. Irons, and Improving Oil Spill Response Effectiveness through Daniel D. Roby Training; Vince Kelly Prince William Sound Mechanical Response; John L. Brown Implementing an Effective Sf:8 Otter Rehabilitation Program: Lessons from the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill; RW. Davis, 1M. Williams, P. Tuomi, and 1 Thomas u.s. Fish and Oiled Wildlife Response in Alaska: Ten Years Later; Wildlife Service Curt Clumpner Researcher Arthur Kettle measures Alaska Advances Oil Spill Pr~vention Technology kittiwake chicks to Borrowing from the U.S. Clean Aft and Clean Water determine health Laws; Tom Chapple, Gene Burden. and Ker and growth Rogowski patterns at the Barren Islands. Prince William Sound Tugs-Now the Best Prevention Photo by Roy Corral System in the World; Steve Provant and John Kotula The Food Web Supporting Forage Fish Populations The Evolution of Spill Co-ops in Alaska following the Survival, Performance, and Reproduction in Pacific in Prince William Sound, Alaska; J.E. Purcell, L. Post-Exxon Changes in State Law; Ken Rogowski Herring (Clupea harengus pallasi): Effects of Envi­ Haldorson, E.D. Brown, K.O. Coyle, lC. Shirley, and Joe Sautner ronmental Contamination, Viral Hemorrhagic Septi­ cemia Virus, and Ichthyophonus hoferi; R.T. Cooney, M.v. Sturdevant, Tracey Gotthardt, The Evolution of Vigilance' Policy Change in Prince Christopher J. Kennedy and Anthony Farrell L.A. Joyal, and D.C. Duffy William Sound, 1989-1999; George J. Busenberg Daily Energy Expenditure of Black-Legged Kittiwakes Mesoscale Interactions between Seabirds and For­ in Relation to Food Supply: Do Parents that Work age Fish in the Northern Gulf ofAlaska; John F. Piatt Posters Harder Really Raise More Young?; Patrick G.R. and David B. Irons Alaska's Applied Oil Spill Response Research and Jodice, Daniel D. Roby, and Kathy R. Turco Microscale Interactions between Seabirds and For­ Development Program; Edmund J. CoilaZZI Seabird Chicks and Greasy Food: Results of Cap­ age Fish in the Northern Gulf ofAlaska; David B. Current Status of Sea Otters Placed in Captivity tive Feeding Trials; Marc D. Romano, Daniel D. Irons, Robert Suryan, William D. Ostrand, Gregory following the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill; Carol Gorbics Roby, and John F. Piatt H. Golet and John F. Piatt and Linda Come rei Patterns and Spatial Scales of Foraging in Harbor Seabird Reproductive Energetics and the Fat Con­ Advances in Oiled Wildlife Rehabilitation since the Seals (Phoca vitulina richardsi) in Prince William tent of Fish: Revisiting the Junk Food Hypothesis; Exxon Valdez Oil Spill; Jay Holcomb Sound and the Gulf ofAlaska using Fatty Acid Sig­ Daniel D. Roby, Kathy R. Turco, and Jill A. Anthony natures; Sara J. Iverson, Kathryn J. Frost, and Oil on the Rocks: Corporate Public Discourse; Modeling Kittiwake Foraging Behavior and Popula­ Lloyd F. Lowry Anthony D. McGill tion Dynamics in Prince William Sound; R. Glenn Long-Term Effects of Oil Contamination in Alaskan Ford, David G. Ainley, and David C. Schneider State Scorecard on Implementation of Alaska Oil Sea Otters; 1M. Williams and Laura Yates Spill Commission Recommendations; Leslie And an Oil Spill Ran through It: Lessons from the Pearson and Larry Iwamoto APEX Study of the Effects of the Exxon Valdez Spill Posters on Alaskan Seabirds and Fish; D.C. Duffy Emergency Response Communications Focusing on Alaskan Harbor Seals: Indices of Health, Nutrition, Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation Posters Capability; Arthur Pilot and Population Alteration; Michael Castellini, Brian Fadely, Steve Trumble, and J. Margaret Castellini Potential Nesting Habitat of the Marbled Murrelet in Oil Spills in Alaska, July 1, 1995-June 30, 1998; Prince William Sound in Relation to Foraging Area; Camille Stephens Nutritional Condition as a Measure of Competitive Interactions; R.A. Heintz Robert L. DeVelice, Connie J. Hubbard, and Italian Government Response and Prevention on Katherine J. Kuletz Environmental Impact, Safety, and Control of Marine Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus in Herring and Sand Lance in Relation to Bottom Type in Prince Oil Spill Pollution; A. Zitelli and F. Cinquepalmi Water from the 1998 Prince William Sound Spawn­ on-Kelp Fishery; P. Hershberger, R.M. Kocan, and William Sound, 1998; William D. Ostrand and L.Joyal Nancy Elder Seabird Foraging in Prince William Sound, 1994­ Nutrition, Physiology, and Disease 1998; William D. Ostrand, John M. Maniscalco, L.A. Alaska Predator Ecosystem Joyal, and Tracey Gotthardt Presentations Jellyfish in Prince William Sound: Abundance, Ag­ Experiment Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus in Wild Pacific gregation, and Feeding Rates on Zooplankton; J.E. Herring (Clupea pallasi); R.M. Kocan, P. Purcell, E.D. Brown, R.T. Cooney, K.O. Coyle, L. Hershberger, J. Winton, M. Bradley, and Nancy EI­ Presentations Haldorson, T.C. Shirley, K.D.E. Stokesbury, and M.V. Sturdevant der Long-Term Changes in Gulf ofAlaska Marine For­ The Role of Disease in Limiting Recovery of Pacific age Species 1953- 1998; Paul J. Anderson, John F. Herring in Prince William Sound, Alaska; G.D. Marty Piatt, James E. Blackburn, William R. Bechtol, and and Theodore R. Meyers Tracey Gotthardt u P DRE~TffiTWNA T ~

Continued from Page 1 methods for fish and wildlife management Restoration Reserve additional protection of habitat important for and support community-based projects, such continued restoration of injured species. as enhancements to subsistence, educational The Trustees have been setting aside $12 programs, local stewardship of resources, and million a year into a savings account known other projects that have been an on-going part as the Restoration Reserve. The reserve ac­ of the current restoration program. count, along with other unallocated funds Earnings from the habitat protection fund and accrued interest, is expected to be worth would be flexible enough to be used for a Ha~itat rrotection about $170 million by 2002, after the last pay­ large protection effort on Kodiak Island or ment in a to-year $900 million settlement with elsewhere in the spill region and for protec­ Exxon arrives. tion of key small parcels that are usually With this decision, the Trustees have dedi­ located at the mouths of rivers, along salmon cated about 60 percent of available funds or spawning and rearing areas, or important $432 million for habitat protection in the spill coastal areas. region. The program is responsible for acquir­ Permanent protection of the Karluk and ing title, conservation easements, or timber Sturgeon rivers on Kodiak Island remains a easements on about 650,000 acres, including priority for the Trustee Council. If a protec­ more than 300 salmon streams and 1,400 miles tion package can be successfully negotiated of shoreline. with Koniag Corporation, owner of the land, The remaining 40 percent or $285 million then payment would come from the habitat has funded one of the largest marine science protection fund. efforts in the world, including hundreds of The Council's action is based on existing studies to help better understand the dynam­ authority and assumes that interest earnings Long-term Fund: ics of the ecosystem as a whole and the would continue to be approximately 5 percent. $55 million individual roles played by fish and wildlife The Council has sought Congressional help Total Trustee Council Investment species. The research and restoration effort to improve its investment opportunities, but $432 million also provided $26.2 million for the Alaska has so far been unsuccessful, at a loss of nearly or SeaLife Center in Seward, $4.3 million for ar­ $17 million over the past two years alone. 60 percent of available funds chaeological repositories and exhibits in the At the rate of 5 percent annu().l interest, the spill region, and $5.1 million in programs to habitat fund earnings would provide about reduce marine pollution. $2.6 million each year. The fund would focus Reseacb, MooiloMng an~ "This long-term restoration plan contin­ on small tracts of valuable habitat. The Trust­ CODllDuniij·8ase~ ues what has been a highly successful effort ees could choose, however, to spend the Restoration to protect important upland habitat and the principal or some of the earnings on larger marine environment for the benefit of in­ protection packages. jured species," said Trustee Marilyn "This is the best scenario possible for the Heiman, special assistant for Alaska to Sec­ resources and the people injured by the Exxon retary of the Interior Bruce Babbitt. "This Valdez spill," said Frank Rue, a Trustee and plan insures areas important for nesting, Commissioner of the Department of Fish and spawning, and molting will be protected in Game. "Continuing restoration efforts and perpetuity. And through science, we can habitat protection is a win-win situation. One also gain critical information to better pro­ without the other would fulfill only half the tect the marine environment and help promise the Trustees made to fully restore the impacted communities." environment to pre-spill conditions." The research and restoration fund will start Details on how the funds will be established with about $115 million. Earnings from in­ and managed have not yet been worked out. vestments (at the nominal interest rate of 5 The Trustee Council also has other key issues Long-term Fund: percent per year) would provide about $6 to decide in the future. The Trustees must de­ $115 mil/ion million annually to fund a long-term restora­ termine whether to continue supporting the tion effort. The fund would not be large public involvement process with its as­ Total Trustee Council Investment inflation-proofed, unless changes in federal sociated expenses or to have a reduced effort. $285 million . law allows more investment flexibility. They must also decide whether the Trustee or 40 percent of available funds In addition to research, the fund would Council should continue to exist as managers promote development of better tools and of the programs or to establish a different over­ Sight entity. p_-----==-nH~ES~~TW~NA --u__ --T-----=-E-

Injured Resources Continued from Paget chaeological sites, are also considered to be covery," said Molly McCammon, executive making progress toward recovery. Update director of the Council. "But it is equally clear The Trustee Council's action to update the that for several species and the ecosystem in list of injured resources comes as a prelude to general, there is a long way yet to go." the 10th anniversary of the historic spill. "Ten The Trustee Council declared the river ot­ years ago, no one could answer questions ter to be fully recovered, joining the bald eagle about what the long-term effects of this spill as the only other species to have bounced would be," McCammon said. "Today, we can back completely from oil spill injuries. River look back and see that in western Prince Wil­ otters feed in the intertidal regions where liam Sound, oil remains on some beaches, sea much of the oil ended up. otters are not repopulating once-oiled areas, The river otter became the second Although the overall health of the Prince Pacific herring suffered a complete collapse of 28 injured resources to be William Sound and Gulf of Alaska ecosys­ and are just now rebuilding to harvestable declared recovered. tems are generally improving, eight species levels, and the people who live, work and are considered to have made little or no play in the region continue to live with the progress toward recovery, McCammon said. impacts of spilled oil." Species listed as not recovering include har­ Today's impacts are subtle, probably un­ lequin ducks, killer whales, harbor seals, three detectable to the average tourist traveling species of cormorants, common loons, and through Prince William Sound, McCammon pigeon guillemots. noted. "Unless you know where to look, you Several other species are making signifi­ will probably never see oil on the beaches," cant progress toward recovery, but have not she said. "And unless you make your living yet met specific recovery objectives. Sea ot­ fishing for herring or you subsist on your ters, marbled murrelets, black oystercatchers ability to hunt harbor seals or you are used and Pacific herring each moved up on the list to seeing a much larger pod of killer whales, of injured resources to the "recovering" cat­ then you would not see the lingering effects egory. They join pink salmon, sockeye of the oil. The ecosystem is well on its way salmon, common murres, and mussels on that to recovery, but the long-term impacts on list. Other resources, such as intertidal and individual populations may take decades to subtidal communities, sediments, and ar­ fully heal."

Status of Injured Resources

RECOVERING RECOVERED

Species are showing little or no clear Substantive progress is being made toward recovery objective. The amount of Recovery objectives have been met. improvement since spill injuries occurred. progress and time needed to achieve recovery vary depending on the resource.

Common loon Archaeological resources Pacific herring Bald eagle Cormorants (3 spp.) Black Oystercatcher Pink salmon River otter Harbor seal Clams Sea otter Harlequin duck Common murre Sediments RECOVERY UNKNOWN Killer whale (AB pod) Intertidal communities Sockeye salmon Limited data on life history or extent of injury; Pigeon guillemot Marbled murrelet Subtidal communities current research is inconclusive or not complete. Mussels Cutthroat trout Designated Wildemess Areas Dolly Varden Resources in boldface have each moved on this Recovery Line during Kittlitz's murrelet the most recent update (February 9, 1999) Rockfish U P oRESmTmNA T E

he Trustee Council decided March 1 that Subsistence, Tthe human services of subsistence, com­ mercial fishing, recreation/ tourism and commercial fishing, passive uses are each recovering from the Residents of spill, but have not fully recovered. some remote recreation/tou rism To evaluate the status of subsistence, the communities Council funded a joint effort by the state Divi­ report that still recovering 10 sion of Subsistence and the Chugach Regional subsistence uses are Resources Commission to conduct household increasing, but years later interviews in Tatitlek, Chenega Bay, Cordova, more harvest Port Graham, Nanwalek, Ouzinkie, Larsen effort is Bay, and Old Harbor. When compared to in­ required and food types are terviews conducted in 1993, the recent survey changing. showed that fewer people are experiencing a post-spill decline in subsistence use. Harvest ber of economic changes, such as the in­ levels in those communities are at or approach­ creased world supply of salmon and reduced ing pre-spiJllevels. Concerns remain, however, prices, are also confronting commercial fish­ about the availability ofcertain resources, such ers. Ten years after the spill it is not clear to as harbor seals, herring, and clams. what extent, if any, the spill is influencing the Residents indicated that maintaining har­ economics of the industry. However, until the vest levels requires greater harvest effort species on which commercial fishing depends (traveling farther, spending more time and are recovered from the spill, commercial fish­ money). Subsistence users also rely more ing will not be considered recovered. heavily on fish and less on marine mammals To evaluate the status of recreation and tour­ and shellfish. The cultural and nutritional im­ ism, Council staff interviewed people whu portance of each resource varies, and these recreated extensively in the spill area before the changes in diet composition are a serious con­ spill and currently. Nearly all of those with ex­ cern to subsistence ..--.-.. perience in Prince William Sound and along the users. outer Kenai coast reported continued dimin­ ,ll j~ \"., The spill disrupted If "" ' ished wildlife sightings, particularly in heavily opportunities for t',i' oiled areas such as around Knight Island. Their young people to learn I"-',... ! ,,"'.',' ft' ';, I.' observations were generally consistent with cultural subsistence ty... r '" Council scientists' findings that several re­ practices and led to Jl]:*!, 'i ¥~ .. " • sources important for wildlife viewing-killer C ~-- decreased sharing of r' , whales, harbor seals, sea otters, several species . ~, subsistence resources, ...,~~,. of seabirds-have not recovered from the spill. ...~ . ~ an integral aspect of ~'ot(~\ ". Some sportfishing and hunting resources-cut­ Although tourism is up compared the culture. The 1998 J .~~~ throat trout, Dolly Varden, and harlequin to 1989 and recreational use is interviews indicated ducks-also are not recovered. highly popular, some impacts are Until pink salmon, sockeye continuing. Photos by Roy Corral that concerns about salmon and herring recover The interviews also indicated that some these aspects of sub­ completely, commercial beaches, particularly in the western sound, are sistence had lessened, fishing Will be considered to still avoided by some recreational users, par­ but more than half re­ be recovering, ticularly kayakers and campers, because of the sponded that the presence of residual oil. traditional way of life has not recovered since In regard to passive use, which involves the the spill. appreciation of the aesthetic and intrinsic val­ Pink salmon, sockeye salmon, and herring ues of undisturbed areas, recovery is tied to are each listed as recovering from the effects public perceptions of injured resources. The of the spill. In 1989, most fisheries in the spill Council has undertaken a comprehensive pro­ region were closed due to the threat of oil gram to restore injured resources and has made contaminating the catch. Beginning in 1993, an extensive effort to inform the public about the herring fishery in the sound was closed the status of restoration. However, because re­ for four successive seasons due to a complete covery of a number of resources is incomplete, collapse of the herring population. Salmon the Council finds passive use to be recovering fisheries were closed only in 1989. A num- from the spill but not fully recovered.

\ Join us for a Report to the Nation, a one-day public event to detail the lessons learned from the nation's worst oil spill.

Tuesday, March 23, 1999 8:30 a.m. - 5 p.m. Egan Convention and Civic Center, Anchorage All Presentations are FREE

'

Restoration Office Bulk Rate , 645 G Street, Room 401 U.S. Postage PAID ~~ . Anchorage, AK 99501-3451 Permit #1013 • Anchorage, AK