Glossary for the Units Basketball Fitness Flag Football Floor Hockey Soccer Tennis Track
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Glossary for the Units Basketball Fitness Flag Football Floor Hockey Soccer Tennis Track and Field Volleyball
Basketball
Backboard – Wood, metal, glass or any flat and rigid material against which the basket is attached.
Back court – That section of the court from the dividing line to the opponent’s basket.
Center – One of the five players who jump center at the beginning of the game and the start of each quarter. (Boys’ rules)
Center circle – A circle with a radius of two feet located in the middle of the court.
Crip shot- A one-handed attempt to make a goal by a short shot close to the basket.
Disqualifying foul – Usually left to the discretion of the official and includes such fouls as unnecessary roughness and abusive language. (Girls’ rules)
Division line – The line halfway between the baskets, which divides the court into two halves.
Double foul – Two opponents commit personal fouls against each other at the same time.
Dunking – Offensive player raises the ball above the rim and forcefully throws the ball through the basket in a downward motion.
Fast break – The defensive team gets the ball and moves rapidly down the court toward their own basket.
Field goal – A basket made from the court during play and counts two points.
Forward – Two of the five players who line up ahead of their center for the center tap at the beginning of the game. (Boys’ rules)
Free throw – An opportunity to throw the ball at the basket from a position behind the free throw line without being guarded.
1 Free throw lane – The part of the court extending from the free throw line to the back line.
Free throw line – The line extended across the free throw circle 19 feet from the end line.
Front court – The part of the court between the end line of a team’s own basket and the division line.
Guard – Two of the five players who line-ups behind their center for the center tap at the beginning of the game. (Boys’ rules)
Individual foul – Fouls such as blocking, charging and tagging. (Girls’ rules)
Jump ball – The toss-up of a ball between two opposing players by an official.
Personal foul – When a player makes contact with an opponent when the ball is in play. (Boys’ rules)
Pivot – The movement of a player with one foot in contact with the floor.
Screen – The legal position of a player who prevents or delays an opponent from reaching a certain position on the floor.
Team foul – Fouls such as illegal substitution and taking too many time-outs. (Girls’ rules)
Technical foul – A foul that does not involve player contact and occurs when play is suspended. (Boys’ rules)
2 Fitness
PHYSICAL FITNESS VOCABULARY
FAD – when a lot of people get excited about a form of exercise and would do it regularly for a period of time, but would lose enthusiasm and stop. TREND – when the interest in something such as physical fitness, lasts for a long time. MEDIA – newspapers, magazines, television, and radio
PHYSICAL FITNESS – capacity of the whole body to function at optimum efficiency: determined by the condition of the heart, circulatory, respiratory systems, degree of flexibility, and percentage of body fat.
HEALTH RISK FACTORS – factors associated with disease, disability, age, and unhealthy practices.
INACTIVITY – lack of physical activity and exercise
OBESITY – excessive deposits of fat on the body.
CHOLESTEROL – a waxy like substance found in animal tissue that when eaten builds up inside the blood vessels.
BODY IMAGE – the way a person sees him/her physical self.
BENEFITS OF EXERCISE - improved appearance, body image, self control, health, and physical performance. It also increases muscular strength and endurance, level of energy, success in school or job, and quality of life.
HEALTH RELATED FITNESS – components of fitness that contribute to how well the systems of the body operate.
FLEXIBILITY - the range of movement possible at various joints.
3 CARDIO-VASCULAR FITNESS – ability of the heart, blood vessels, and respiratory system to supply oxygen and nutrients to the muscles during exercise.
MUSCULAR STRENGTH – ability of muscles to exert a force one time.
MUSCULAR ENDURANCE – ability to use muscles for a long period of time.
BODY COMPOSITION – ratio of fat to muscle, bone, and other body tissues.
SKILL RELATED FITNESS – components of physical fitness that contribute to the ability to successfully participate in sports
AGILITY - ability to change the position of the body and to control the movement of the whole body.
BALANCE – ability to keep an upright posture while standing or moving.
POWER – ability to do strength performances at a rapid pace.
REACTION TIME – amount of time it takes to get moving once the senses signal the need to move.
COORDINATION – integration of eye, hand, and foot movements.
SPEED – ability to cover a distance in a short amount of time.
RESTING HEART RATE – the number of beats per minute your heart beats when you first get up in the morning.
TARGET HEART RATE – 70-85% of your maximum heart rate, which is the range each person should work to improve the heart and cardio-vascular systems ability to circulate blood.
PULSE – places in the body where you can feel and monitor your heartbeat such as the wrist and neck. Can also use a Heart Rate Monitor for this purpose.
4 Flag Football
Football Terminology
Back – Any of the four backfield men: quarterback, right halfback, left halfback, and fullback.
Backfield man – Any player who lines up in back of the line of scrimmage when the ball is centered.
Balanced line – An offensive line that has an equal number of players on each side of the center.
Block – Legal contact with a player from the other team, who does not have the ball, with the intent to obstruct him.
Center the ball – The act performed by the offensive center in passing or handling the ball backward from its position on the ground.
Clipping – A violation caused by contacting the back legs of a player on the other team who does not have the ball.
Coffin corner – The area in the corner of the field formed by the goal line and the sideline.
Conversion – The attempt to score either one or two points after a touchdown.
Dead ball – A ball that is no longer in play.
Defensive team – The team that does not have possession of the ball.
Down – That which occurs from the time the ball is centered or free kicked until the ball becomes dead.
Drop kick – A type of kick in which a player drops the ball and kicks it as it touches or rises from the ground.
Eligible receiver – Any player who can legally receive a forward pass form his teammate. Usually an end or a backfield man.
Extra point - Following a touchdown, the option of scoring 2 points for a successful run or pass and 1 point for a successful kick.
5 Fair catch – A catch of a kick that goes beyond the line of scrimmage and by a player on the receiving team, and if signaled for and caught cannot be run back or the receiver tackled.
Field goal – A drop kick or place kick over the crossbar and between the uprights of the opponents’ goal. A successful kick scores three points.
Formation – The pattern of design in which the offensive or defensive team lines up.
Forward pass – A legally thrown ball in a forward direction toward the opponent’s goal.
Forward wall – The offensive or defensive line.
Foul – An infraction of the rules, which results in a penalty.
Free kick – A place-kick, drop-kick, or punt during which each player other than the holder for a place kick must be behind his free kick line.
Fumble – When a player loses possession of a live ball other than by kicking or passing it.
Goal line – The vertical line running the width of the field, which separates the field of play from the end zone. A team’s own goal line is the one it is defending.
Gridiron – Another name for the playing field. It is called this because the field lines give the appearance of a gridiron.
Halftime – The fifteen-minute time interval between the second and third quarters.
Huddle – When either the offensive or defensive team assembles to determine signals between plays.
Incomplete pass – A forward pass that is not caught or is caught illegally.
6 Interception – Catching a ball prior to it touching the ground when it was in the possession of the opposing team.
Kick-off – The place kick that is used to begin the first and second halves, and after a score.
Lateral pass – A legally thrown ball that moves either laterally or in a backward direction.
Line of scrimmage – The imaginary vertical line through the point of the ball nearest each team’s goal line and running parallel to the goal lines.
Lineman – Any offensive or defensive player who assumes a position on the scrimmage line.
Live ball - Any ball that is legally in play.
Neutral zone – The space between scrimmage lines. The distance is the length of the football.
Offensive team – The team in possession of the ball.
Officials – The men who interpret the rules of the game while it is being played. They include the umpire, referee, field judge and head linesman.
Offside – An infraction of the rules caused by a player who is beyond the scrimmage or restraining line when the ball is centered.
Pay dirt – Another name for the end zone when a touchdown is scored.
Penalty – An infraction of the rules.
Place kick – Kicking the ball from a stationary position on the ground on a kicking tee. Any member of the kicking team is permitted to hold the ball while it is being kicked.
Punt – Kicking the ball by dropping it and contacting it with the foot prior to it’s touching the ground.
7 Quarter – A twelve minute time interval during a high school football game and a 15-minute time interval during a college game. Four quarters make up a complete game.
Safety – When the defensive team causes the ball to cross the goal line and it is ruled dead in the end zone in possession of the defending team; or rolls out of bounds behind the goal line. Two points are scored for a safety.
Safety man – A defensive player who lines up farthest away from the scrimmage line and closest to his own goal line.
Scrimmage – The action that occurs between the offensive and defensive teams from the time and the ball is centered until the play is stopped.
Signals – The numbers called by the quarterback before the ball is centered to indicate the specific play to be executed.
Strong side – The side of an unbalanced line with the greater number of players.
Tackle – A form of blocking which legally uses the hands and arms to bring down or stop the forward progress of the opponent carrying the ball.
Touchback – A ball which crosses the goal line by the offensive team and which is ruled dead in possession of the defensive team. No points are scored for a touchback.
Touchdown – When an offensive player, in possession of the ball, advances it on or over the opponent’s goal line. A touchdown scores six points.
Triple threat – A player who is proficient at running, passing, and kicking.
Unbalanced line – An offensive line which has an unequal number of players on each side of the center.
Weak side – The side of an unbalanced line with the fewer number of players.
8 Floor Hockey
Floor Hockey Terminology:
Assist: The pass made directly before a goal is scored
Boarding: A violation that occurs when a player body-checks, elbows, or trips an opponent into the wall.
Butt-ending: A violation when using the end of the stick in a jabbing motion toward an opponent
Charging: A violation when a player runs or jumps into an opponent
Clear: Clears the puck away from the defensive end of the floor
Crease: Area where only the goalie is allowed
Cross-checking: A violation when a player checks another by extending both arms while striking the opponent with their stick
Dribble: Small taps of the puck with the blade of the stick, used to move directionally
Face off: Used to start the game by dropping the puck between two players
Flat pass: A pass that does not leave the floor
High stick: When the stick is carried above the player’s chest
Hooking: Violation when a player impedes the progress of another by using the blade portion of the stick to hook them
Save: When the goalie stops the puck from entering the net
9 Slap shot: Shot taken by lifting the stick up in a back swing before hitting the puck.
Slashing: Hitting an opponent with your stick. Major penalty
Wrist shot: Shot taken without lifting the stick off the floor
Soccer Terminology
Behind – When the ball goes over the goal line but not between the goal posts.
Corner Area – A quarter- circle area at each of the four corners
Corner kick – A kick made by the attacking team from the corner-arc. This occurs when the ball passes over the goal line but not through the goalposts and it is last touched by a defender.
Direct free kick – A kick which scores a goal when it goes directly through the goal.’
Dribbling – Moving the ball forward by a series of short kicks.
Field goal – A score counting one point in a game, which results when a ball legally passes through the goal.
Free kick – A kick awarded to the team that has been offended for fouls occurring outside the penalty area.
Goal area – The rectangular area in front of each of the goals posts, 20 yards wide and 6 yards long.
Goalkeeper – The player who defends the goal. When in the penalty area this player is permitted to use his hands on the ball.
10 Goalkeeper’s steps –the goalkeeper is allowed to take up to four steps while holding the ball.
Goal kick – A kick made by the defending team when the ball goes over the goal line but not between the goalposts and is last touched by an offensive player.
Goal line – The line directly under each of the goalposts at each end of the field.
Halfway line – The line across the field which divides it in half and upon which the kick-off circle is located.
Heading –Hitting the ball with the head.
Indirect free kick – A kick executed without interference that requires the ball to be played by some other player before a score can occur.
Kick – off – The procedure used to put the ball into play at the beginning of the game.
Linesman – The official who determines if the ball has legally left the playing field.
Offside – An infraction that may occur when a player is closer to his opponent’s goal than the ball.
Penalty area – The rectangular area in front of each of the goal posts, 18 yards wide and 44 yards long
Penalty kick – When the defensive player fouls in his own penalty area, the offensive team is awarded this kick at the penalty kick mark.
Penalty kick mark – The mark 12 yards from the goal where a penalty kick is attempted.
Tackling – Taking the ball from an opposing player by use of the feet.
Throw-in – Used to put the ball in play after it has gone out of bounds over the sideline.
11 Touch lines – The sidelines of the soccer field.
Trapping – Act of stopping and controlling a moving ball with the feet or body.
Track and Field Terminology
Anchor Man – The final or fourth runner on a relay team
Baton – A stick, which is passed between runners on a relay team
Box – The slot in which a pole-vaulter places the end of his pole before leaving the ground
Breaking (false start) – A runner leaves the starting blocks before the starting pistol is fired
Chute – An extension of the straightaway on an oval track so that a runner can run 220 yards or less without making a turn
Circle – The area where the participant throws the discus and shot
Dead heat – When two or more runners finish at the exact same time
Exchange – The passing of the baton between runners in a relay race
Field events – The throwing and jumping events
Heats – Preliminary races held to reduce the number of runners
Jog – An easy bouncing stride
12 Kick – A spurt of speed at the end of the race
Lane – The alley on a track that a runner must stay within during the race
Lap – The complete distance around an oval track
Lead off person – The first runner on a relay team
Long jump – A field event that is also known as the broad jump
Pole – In races, it is the inner most lane. It is also the instrument used by vaulters to raise them selves over the bar
Relay race – A track event in which four runners compose a team and each participant runs a certain distance and passes a baton to a teammate
Scratch line – In the javelin throw and the long jump, the line behind which the participant must stay while executing his or her throw or jump
Starting blocks – Steps placed on the track so that a sprinter may get a good start
Toe board – A board used in the shot put and long jump to help the competitor stay within legal limits
Volleyball Terminology
Block - A defensive play by a player in the forward position who leaps with his/her arms outstretched in front of the spiker in an attempt to deflect the ball back to the spiker’s court. (See the definition of spike.) Catching a ball – An illegal momentary rest of the ball in the hands. Cross-court – A play where the ball is hit diagonally across the net.
Dead ball – A ball is declared dead after a point, side out, or any decisions stopping play.
13 Deuce – When the score is tied at any point from 14 or more.
Double foul – Violation of the rules by both teams on the same play.
Foot fault – Server steps on or over the end line during the act of serving.
Game point – The last point in a game.
Match – A team wins two out of three games.
Out of bounds – When a ball lands outside a boundary line. It if lands on the line, it is good.
Point – When the receiving team fails to return the ball legally, the serving team makes a score.
Rotation – Shifting of positions, clockwise, just before a new player serves.
Service – The right back hits the ball over the net and puts it in play.
Side out – The serving team fails to score or plays the ball illegally.
Spike – A hard driven ball by a player who hits the ball at the height above the top of the net.
Volley – One contact of the ball by a player or two players from the same team contacting the ball simultaneousl
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