<p>Glossary for the Units Basketball Fitness Flag Football Floor Hockey Soccer Tennis Track and Field Volleyball </p><p>Basketball</p><p>Backboard – Wood, metal, glass or any flat and rigid material against which the basket is attached.</p><p>Back court – That section of the court from the dividing line to the opponent’s basket.</p><p>Center – One of the five players who jump center at the beginning of the game and the start of each quarter. (Boys’ rules)</p><p>Center circle – A circle with a radius of two feet located in the middle of the court.</p><p>Crip shot- A one-handed attempt to make a goal by a short shot close to the basket.</p><p>Disqualifying foul – Usually left to the discretion of the official and includes such fouls as unnecessary roughness and abusive language. (Girls’ rules)</p><p>Division line – The line halfway between the baskets, which divides the court into two halves.</p><p>Double foul – Two opponents commit personal fouls against each other at the same time.</p><p>Dunking – Offensive player raises the ball above the rim and forcefully throws the ball through the basket in a downward motion.</p><p>Fast break – The defensive team gets the ball and moves rapidly down the court toward their own basket.</p><p>Field goal – A basket made from the court during play and counts two points.</p><p>Forward – Two of the five players who line up ahead of their center for the center tap at the beginning of the game. (Boys’ rules)</p><p>Free throw – An opportunity to throw the ball at the basket from a position behind the free throw line without being guarded.</p><p>1 Free throw lane – The part of the court extending from the free throw line to the back line.</p><p>Free throw line – The line extended across the free throw circle 19 feet from the end line.</p><p>Front court – The part of the court between the end line of a team’s own basket and the division line.</p><p>Guard – Two of the five players who line-ups behind their center for the center tap at the beginning of the game. (Boys’ rules)</p><p>Individual foul – Fouls such as blocking, charging and tagging. (Girls’ rules)</p><p>Jump ball – The toss-up of a ball between two opposing players by an official.</p><p>Personal foul – When a player makes contact with an opponent when the ball is in play. (Boys’ rules)</p><p>Pivot – The movement of a player with one foot in contact with the floor.</p><p>Screen – The legal position of a player who prevents or delays an opponent from reaching a certain position on the floor.</p><p>Team foul – Fouls such as illegal substitution and taking too many time-outs. (Girls’ rules)</p><p>Technical foul – A foul that does not involve player contact and occurs when play is suspended. (Boys’ rules)</p><p>2 Fitness</p><p>PHYSICAL FITNESS VOCABULARY </p><p>FAD – when a lot of people get excited about a form of exercise and would do it regularly for a period of time, but would lose enthusiasm and stop. TREND – when the interest in something such as physical fitness, lasts for a long time. MEDIA – newspapers, magazines, television, and radio</p><p>PHYSICAL FITNESS – capacity of the whole body to function at optimum efficiency: determined by the condition of the heart, circulatory, respiratory systems, degree of flexibility, and percentage of body fat.</p><p>HEALTH RISK FACTORS – factors associated with disease, disability, age, and unhealthy practices.</p><p>INACTIVITY – lack of physical activity and exercise</p><p>OBESITY – excessive deposits of fat on the body.</p><p>CHOLESTEROL – a waxy like substance found in animal tissue that when eaten builds up inside the blood vessels.</p><p>BODY IMAGE – the way a person sees him/her physical self.</p><p>BENEFITS OF EXERCISE - improved appearance, body image, self control, health, and physical performance. It also increases muscular strength and endurance, level of energy, success in school or job, and quality of life.</p><p>HEALTH RELATED FITNESS – components of fitness that contribute to how well the systems of the body operate.</p><p>FLEXIBILITY - the range of movement possible at various joints.</p><p>3 CARDIO-VASCULAR FITNESS – ability of the heart, blood vessels, and respiratory system to supply oxygen and nutrients to the muscles during exercise.</p><p>MUSCULAR STRENGTH – ability of muscles to exert a force one time.</p><p>MUSCULAR ENDURANCE – ability to use muscles for a long period of time.</p><p>BODY COMPOSITION – ratio of fat to muscle, bone, and other body tissues.</p><p>SKILL RELATED FITNESS – components of physical fitness that contribute to the ability to successfully participate in sports</p><p>AGILITY - ability to change the position of the body and to control the movement of the whole body.</p><p>BALANCE – ability to keep an upright posture while standing or moving.</p><p>POWER – ability to do strength performances at a rapid pace.</p><p>REACTION TIME – amount of time it takes to get moving once the senses signal the need to move. </p><p>COORDINATION – integration of eye, hand, and foot movements.</p><p>SPEED – ability to cover a distance in a short amount of time.</p><p>RESTING HEART RATE – the number of beats per minute your heart beats when you first get up in the morning.</p><p>TARGET HEART RATE – 70-85% of your maximum heart rate, which is the range each person should work to improve the heart and cardio-vascular systems ability to circulate blood.</p><p>PULSE – places in the body where you can feel and monitor your heartbeat such as the wrist and neck. Can also use a Heart Rate Monitor for this purpose.</p><p>4 Flag Football</p><p>Football Terminology</p><p>Back – Any of the four backfield men: quarterback, right halfback, left halfback, and fullback.</p><p>Backfield man – Any player who lines up in back of the line of scrimmage when the ball is centered.</p><p>Balanced line – An offensive line that has an equal number of players on each side of the center.</p><p>Block – Legal contact with a player from the other team, who does not have the ball, with the intent to obstruct him.</p><p>Center the ball – The act performed by the offensive center in passing or handling the ball backward from its position on the ground.</p><p>Clipping – A violation caused by contacting the back legs of a player on the other team who does not have the ball.</p><p>Coffin corner – The area in the corner of the field formed by the goal line and the sideline.</p><p>Conversion – The attempt to score either one or two points after a touchdown.</p><p>Dead ball – A ball that is no longer in play.</p><p>Defensive team – The team that does not have possession of the ball. </p><p>Down – That which occurs from the time the ball is centered or free kicked until the ball becomes dead.</p><p>Drop kick – A type of kick in which a player drops the ball and kicks it as it touches or rises from the ground.</p><p>Eligible receiver – Any player who can legally receive a forward pass form his teammate. Usually an end or a backfield man.</p><p>Extra point - Following a touchdown, the option of scoring 2 points for a successful run or pass and 1 point for a successful kick.</p><p>5 Fair catch – A catch of a kick that goes beyond the line of scrimmage and by a player on the receiving team, and if signaled for and caught cannot be run back or the receiver tackled.</p><p>Field goal – A drop kick or place kick over the crossbar and between the uprights of the opponents’ goal. A successful kick scores three points.</p><p>Formation – The pattern of design in which the offensive or defensive team lines up.</p><p>Forward pass – A legally thrown ball in a forward direction toward the opponent’s goal.</p><p>Forward wall – The offensive or defensive line.</p><p>Foul – An infraction of the rules, which results in a penalty.</p><p>Free kick – A place-kick, drop-kick, or punt during which each player other than the holder for a place kick must be behind his free kick line.</p><p>Fumble – When a player loses possession of a live ball other than by kicking or passing it.</p><p>Goal line – The vertical line running the width of the field, which separates the field of play from the end zone. A team’s own goal line is the one it is defending.</p><p>Gridiron – Another name for the playing field. It is called this because the field lines give the appearance of a gridiron.</p><p>Halftime – The fifteen-minute time interval between the second and third quarters.</p><p>Huddle – When either the offensive or defensive team assembles to determine signals between plays.</p><p>Incomplete pass – A forward pass that is not caught or is caught illegally.</p><p>6 Interception – Catching a ball prior to it touching the ground when it was in the possession of the opposing team.</p><p>Kick-off – The place kick that is used to begin the first and second halves, and after a score.</p><p>Lateral pass – A legally thrown ball that moves either laterally or in a backward direction.</p><p>Line of scrimmage – The imaginary vertical line through the point of the ball nearest each team’s goal line and running parallel to the goal lines.</p><p>Lineman – Any offensive or defensive player who assumes a position on the scrimmage line.</p><p>Live ball - Any ball that is legally in play.</p><p>Neutral zone – The space between scrimmage lines. The distance is the length of the football.</p><p>Offensive team – The team in possession of the ball.</p><p>Officials – The men who interpret the rules of the game while it is being played. They include the umpire, referee, field judge and head linesman.</p><p>Offside – An infraction of the rules caused by a player who is beyond the scrimmage or restraining line when the ball is centered.</p><p>Pay dirt – Another name for the end zone when a touchdown is scored.</p><p>Penalty – An infraction of the rules.</p><p>Place kick – Kicking the ball from a stationary position on the ground on a kicking tee. Any member of the kicking team is permitted to hold the ball while it is being kicked.</p><p>Punt – Kicking the ball by dropping it and contacting it with the foot prior to it’s touching the ground.</p><p>7 Quarter – A twelve minute time interval during a high school football game and a 15-minute time interval during a college game. Four quarters make up a complete game.</p><p>Safety – When the defensive team causes the ball to cross the goal line and it is ruled dead in the end zone in possession of the defending team; or rolls out of bounds behind the goal line. Two points are scored for a safety.</p><p>Safety man – A defensive player who lines up farthest away from the scrimmage line and closest to his own goal line.</p><p>Scrimmage – The action that occurs between the offensive and defensive teams from the time and the ball is centered until the play is stopped.</p><p>Signals – The numbers called by the quarterback before the ball is centered to indicate the specific play to be executed.</p><p>Strong side – The side of an unbalanced line with the greater number of players.</p><p>Tackle – A form of blocking which legally uses the hands and arms to bring down or stop the forward progress of the opponent carrying the ball.</p><p>Touchback – A ball which crosses the goal line by the offensive team and which is ruled dead in possession of the defensive team. No points are scored for a touchback.</p><p>Touchdown – When an offensive player, in possession of the ball, advances it on or over the opponent’s goal line. A touchdown scores six points.</p><p>Triple threat – A player who is proficient at running, passing, and kicking.</p><p>Unbalanced line – An offensive line which has an unequal number of players on each side of the center.</p><p>Weak side – The side of an unbalanced line with the fewer number of players.</p><p>8 Floor Hockey</p><p>Floor Hockey Terminology:</p><p>Assist: The pass made directly before a goal is scored</p><p>Boarding: A violation that occurs when a player body-checks, elbows, or trips an opponent into the wall.</p><p>Butt-ending: A violation when using the end of the stick in a jabbing motion toward an opponent</p><p>Charging: A violation when a player runs or jumps into an opponent</p><p>Clear: Clears the puck away from the defensive end of the floor</p><p>Crease: Area where only the goalie is allowed</p><p>Cross-checking: A violation when a player checks another by extending both arms while striking the opponent with their stick</p><p>Dribble: Small taps of the puck with the blade of the stick, used to move directionally</p><p>Face off: Used to start the game by dropping the puck between two players</p><p>Flat pass: A pass that does not leave the floor</p><p>High stick: When the stick is carried above the player’s chest</p><p>Hooking: Violation when a player impedes the progress of another by using the blade portion of the stick to hook them</p><p>Save: When the goalie stops the puck from entering the net</p><p>9 Slap shot: Shot taken by lifting the stick up in a back swing before hitting the puck.</p><p>Slashing: Hitting an opponent with your stick. Major penalty</p><p>Wrist shot: Shot taken without lifting the stick off the floor</p><p>Soccer Terminology</p><p>Behind – When the ball goes over the goal line but not between the goal posts.</p><p>Corner Area – A quarter- circle area at each of the four corners </p><p>Corner kick – A kick made by the attacking team from the corner-arc. This occurs when the ball passes over the goal line but not through the goalposts and it is last touched by a defender.</p><p>Direct free kick – A kick which scores a goal when it goes directly through the goal.’</p><p>Dribbling – Moving the ball forward by a series of short kicks.</p><p>Field goal – A score counting one point in a game, which results when a ball legally passes through the goal.</p><p>Free kick – A kick awarded to the team that has been offended for fouls occurring outside the penalty area.</p><p>Goal area – The rectangular area in front of each of the goals posts, 20 yards wide and 6 yards long.</p><p>Goalkeeper – The player who defends the goal. When in the penalty area this player is permitted to use his hands on the ball.</p><p>10 Goalkeeper’s steps –the goalkeeper is allowed to take up to four steps while holding the ball.</p><p>Goal kick – A kick made by the defending team when the ball goes over the goal line but not between the goalposts and is last touched by an offensive player.</p><p>Goal line – The line directly under each of the goalposts at each end of the field.</p><p>Halfway line – The line across the field which divides it in half and upon which the kick-off circle is located.</p><p>Heading –Hitting the ball with the head.</p><p>Indirect free kick – A kick executed without interference that requires the ball to be played by some other player before a score can occur.</p><p>Kick – off – The procedure used to put the ball into play at the beginning of the game.</p><p>Linesman – The official who determines if the ball has legally left the playing field.</p><p>Offside – An infraction that may occur when a player is closer to his opponent’s goal than the ball.</p><p>Penalty area – The rectangular area in front of each of the goal posts, 18 yards wide and 44 yards long </p><p>Penalty kick – When the defensive player fouls in his own penalty area, the offensive team is awarded this kick at the penalty kick mark.</p><p>Penalty kick mark – The mark 12 yards from the goal where a penalty kick is attempted.</p><p>Tackling – Taking the ball from an opposing player by use of the feet.</p><p>Throw-in – Used to put the ball in play after it has gone out of bounds over the sideline. </p><p>11 Touch lines – The sidelines of the soccer field.</p><p>Trapping – Act of stopping and controlling a moving ball with the feet or body.</p><p>Track and Field Terminology</p><p>Anchor Man – The final or fourth runner on a relay team</p><p>Baton – A stick, which is passed between runners on a relay team</p><p>Box – The slot in which a pole-vaulter places the end of his pole before leaving the ground</p><p>Breaking (false start) – A runner leaves the starting blocks before the starting pistol is fired</p><p>Chute – An extension of the straightaway on an oval track so that a runner can run 220 yards or less without making a turn</p><p>Circle – The area where the participant throws the discus and shot</p><p>Dead heat – When two or more runners finish at the exact same time</p><p>Exchange – The passing of the baton between runners in a relay race</p><p>Field events – The throwing and jumping events</p><p>Heats – Preliminary races held to reduce the number of runners</p><p>Jog – An easy bouncing stride</p><p>12 Kick – A spurt of speed at the end of the race</p><p>Lane – The alley on a track that a runner must stay within during the race</p><p>Lap – The complete distance around an oval track</p><p>Lead off person – The first runner on a relay team</p><p>Long jump – A field event that is also known as the broad jump</p><p>Pole – In races, it is the inner most lane. It is also the instrument used by vaulters to raise them selves over the bar</p><p>Relay race – A track event in which four runners compose a team and each participant runs a certain distance and passes a baton to a teammate</p><p>Scratch line – In the javelin throw and the long jump, the line behind which the participant must stay while executing his or her throw or jump</p><p>Starting blocks – Steps placed on the track so that a sprinter may get a good start</p><p>Toe board – A board used in the shot put and long jump to help the competitor stay within legal limits</p><p>Volleyball Terminology</p><p>Block - A defensive play by a player in the forward position who leaps with his/her arms outstretched in front of the spiker in an attempt to deflect the ball back to the spiker’s court. (See the definition of spike.) Catching a ball – An illegal momentary rest of the ball in the hands. Cross-court – A play where the ball is hit diagonally across the net.</p><p>Dead ball – A ball is declared dead after a point, side out, or any decisions stopping play.</p><p>13 Deuce – When the score is tied at any point from 14 or more.</p><p>Double foul – Violation of the rules by both teams on the same play.</p><p>Foot fault – Server steps on or over the end line during the act of serving.</p><p>Game point – The last point in a game.</p><p>Match – A team wins two out of three games.</p><p>Out of bounds – When a ball lands outside a boundary line. It if lands on the line, it is good.</p><p>Point – When the receiving team fails to return the ball legally, the serving team makes a score.</p><p>Rotation – Shifting of positions, clockwise, just before a new player serves.</p><p>Service – The right back hits the ball over the net and puts it in play.</p><p>Side out – The serving team fails to score or plays the ball illegally.</p><p>Spike – A hard driven ball by a player who hits the ball at the height above the top of the net.</p><p>Volley – One contact of the ball by a player or two players from the same team contacting the ball simultaneousl</p><p>14 1</p>