Emergency Response Punning for Transport Accidents Mvolving Radioactive Materials
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IAEA-TECDOC- 262 EMERGENCY RESPONSE PUNNING FOR TRANSPORT ACCIDENTS MVOLVING RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS A TECHNICAL DOCUMENT ISSUED BY THE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, VIENNA, 1982 EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLANNIN TRANSPORR GFO T ACCIDENTS INVOLVING RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS, IAEA, VIENNA, 1982 IAEPintee th AustriAn y i d b a March 1982 PLEASE BE AWARE THAT ALL OF THE MISSING PAGES IN THIS DOCUMENT WERE ORIGINALLY BLANK The IAEA doe t maintaisno n stock f reportso thin si s series. However, microfiche copie f thesso e reportobtainee b n sca d from MicrofichS IM e Clearinghouse International Atomic Energy Agency Wagramerstrasse 5 0 10 x P.OBo . A-1400 Vienna, Austria on prepayment of Austrian Schillings 40.00 or against one IAEA microfiche service coupon. FOREWORD Radioactive materials are a part of modern technology and life. They are used, for example, in medicine, industrial manufacturing, research, defense, electrical power productio hosa f wayn o ti sd thaan n t affect r dailou y lives. Like other materials, radioactive material e transportear s d from place to place by all modes of transportation. It is estimated that 8 to 10 million packages containing radioactive material e transportear s d each year throughou worlde th e amount Th . f radioactivitto thesn i y e packages varies from virtually negligible amounts use n consumei d r productse th , small amounts used for medical purposes, to very large amounts such as in shipments of irradiated nuclear fuels. The vast majority of these package e transportesar d safely wit o damaghn theo t er releasmo f o e their contents. Very strict standards are applied in the design of transport packaging for radioactive materials. However, with the continuing and expandin f theso e eus g materials correspondine th d an , g e growtth n i h numbe f shipmento r inevitabls i t i s e that some accidents will occure Th . very small number of these accidents which do result in a release of radioactive materials, have had and will have negligible consequences, or consequence scontrollee b whic n ca h mitigater o d y propeb d r emergency plannin d preparednesan g r respondinfo s theso t g e accidents. The kind of emergency planning and preparedness that is needed for respondin o transportatiot g n accidents involving radioactive materials i s very simila o that r t require r respondinfo d accidento t g s involving non- radioactive hazardous materials such as flammables, explosives, poisonous gases and toxic chemicals which are in transport daily. Many of these non-radioactive hazardous materials pose significantly greater threato t s public health and safety than do most radioactive materials. Accidents involving these hazardous materials occur almost daily aroun worle th d d and are a matter of record. Therefore, emergency response organizations and personnel need to be prepared with emergency response plans and procedure respono l t types al f hazardouo o st d s materials accidentd an s they must have the basic knowledge, skills and equipment to deal effectively wity consequencean h f theso s e accidents. To determine what practical guidance material should be contained in a document of this type and to commence work on the document itself, the Agency convened an Advisory Group in October of 1977. The draft material produced by the Advisory Group, along with comments received on it from interested parties, was reviewed by a small group of consultants in December 1978. During 1979 these consultants made further refinement of the draft material. In 1981, it was then reviewed and commented upon by a small number of knowledgeable experts and staff members in the Agency's Divisio f Nucleao n r Safety. The text is now issued as an Agency Technical Document which may be of some benefit to Member States. Readers of this document should be aware that it is neither a collection of rules or a list of approved steps and actions. Rather, it is a basic discussion of the various aspect d philosophiean s f emergenco s y plannin d preparednesan g s along with a consideration of the problems which might be encountered in a transportation accident involving a release of radioactive materials. e e readerresponsiblTh ar o swh r preparinfo e g emergency pland an s procedures will have to decide on how best to apply this guidance to their own organizational structures and will also have to decide on an emergency plannin d preparednesan g s philosophy suitabl o theit en ow r situations. Comments from interested parties are welcome and should be addressed The Director (Ref: IAEA TECDOC-262) Divisio f Nucleao n r Safety International Atomic Energy Agency P.O. Box 100 A-1400 Vienna, Austria CONTENTS Page SECTIO INTRODUCTIO. NI N .......................................7 . Purpose ........................................................7 . Scope ••••••>•«•««•«••«•••••••••«••••••••««•••••••••••••••••••*•• 7 SECTION II. INTENT OP TRANSPORT REGULATIONS .................... 8 SECTION III PLANNINE .TH G BASIS ...............................9 . General »•«••••»•••••*•«••••«•••«•••••••••«•«••••«••»•••••••••••9 • Transportation Systems .........................................9 . Type Packagef so s ..............................................1 .1 Basic Consequences of an Accident Involving Release of Radioactive Materials ............................. 16 Accident Assessment ............................................9 .1 Protective Measures ............................................3 .2 SECTIO . PHILOSOPHNIV Y CONCERNING RESPONDINO GT TRANSPORTATION ACCIDENTS ........................ 28 General ......................................................... 28 Response Philosophy ............................................0 .3 Initial Phase ..................................................1 .3 Evaluation Phase ................................................ 33 Cleanup Phase ..................................................4 .3 Special Considerations Relating to Modes of Transport other than Highway Transport ................................3 .3 Radiological Monitoring Teams ................................... 36 Instruments and Equipment ....«...•«•»...••••«*•«••••««.»•«.«•«•• 37 Communication Notificatiod san n •••••«••*•««••••«••••••«•««*•*••8 3 « SECTIO . NRESPONSIBILITIEV EMERGENCR SFO Y PLANNIND GAN PREPAREDNESS .................................... 39 General .......................................................9 .3 Carrier and Consignor Arrangements/Responsibilities ............ 40 Provincial| Stat Locad ean l Responsibilities ....................1 4 National Responsibilities ...................................... 41 Lead Agency Concept ...........................................2 .4 SECTIO . PUBLINVI C INFORMATION, TRAINING, EXERCISED SAN UPDATING THE EMERGENCY PLANS ................... 43 Public Information ............................................. 43 Training ....................................................... 44 Exercises ...................................................... 45 Updating the Emergency Plans ................................... 46 GLOSSARY ......................................................9 .4 BIBLIOGRAPHY ..................................................5 5 . LIST OP PARTICIPANTS, CONSULTANTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ............. 57 EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLANNIN TRANSPORR GFO T ACCIDENTS INVOLVING RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS I. INTRODUCTION Purpose 1.01 The purpose of this publication is to provide guidance to public authoritie e responsiblar o wh s ensurinr fo e g public healt d safetyan h , anconsignoro t d d carrieran s f radioactivso e materials, concernine th g kin f emergenco d y response arrangements which shoul establishee b d r fo d dealing effectively with accidents involving transport of radioactive materials. This guidance should assist in the preparation of emergency response plans. The additional intent of this document is to provide information which will assist both those countries where involvement with radioactive material s jusi s t beginnin d thosan g e which already hava e developed nuclear industry and attendant emergency plans, but may need to revie d improvwan e those plans e neeemergencr Th .fo d y response plans waye whicn th i s d han thee implementear y d will vary from countro t y country. e emergencTh 1.02y response planning basi d responsan s e philosophy are outlined, including identification of emergency response organizations and emergency services that can become involved and required durin a transportatiog n accident e guidancTh . n thii e s publication is based upon consideration of conditions which could prevail during an accident involving the transportation of radioactive materials with or without a release of radioactive materials to the environment. e guidancTh e acknowledge sa spectru f accidento m d en e son boundee th t a d by low-hazard high probability-of-occurrence events, and at the other end by high-hazard very low-probability-of-occurrence accidents. It is not possible to describe in detail all of the conditions which may exist for this wide spectru f accideno m t scenarios. Emergency planning shoule b d based primarily on mitigating the consequences of any accidents and restoring the situation to normal. Because transportation accidents can occur at almost any place, these plans of necessity must be very flexible, s beyoni e scopt I th df thi1.0eo 3s guidance publicatio o providt n e detailed information concerning the nature and hazards of radioactivity and radioactive materials. This can be found in many standard texts on the subject and in Agency