Laguna and Laguna Meadow Grazing Allotments – Forest Environmental Assessment Service
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United States Department of Agriculture Laguna and Laguna Meadow Grazing Allotments – Forest Environmental Assessment Service July 2010 Descanso Ranger District Cleveland National Forest San Diego County, California For Information Contact: Lance Criley 3348 Alpine Blvd. Alpine, CA 91901 (619) 445-6235 ext. 3457 The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, or marital or family status. Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs. Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten Building, 14th and Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410 or call (202) 720-5964 (voice and TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Laguna and Laguna Meadow Grazing Allotments Environmental Assessment Descanso Ranger District, Cleveland National Forest, Page 1 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Project Area Description The project area consists of the Laguna and Laguna Meadow grazing allotments on the Descanso Ranger District (Descanso RD) of the Cleveland National Forest (Cleveland NF). There are approximately 30,810 acres of National Forest System lands in the project area, which ranges in elevation from 3,200 to 6,200 feet. Legal locations of the allotments on the San Bernardino Base Meridian, San Diego County, are: Laguna Allotment: T15S, R5E, Sections 15 to 17, 20 to 29, 31 to 36; T15S, R6E, Section 31; T16S, R5E, Sections 1 to 24, and 26 to 35; T16S, R6E, Sections 6 to 8, 19; and T17S, R5E, Sections 1 to 5, 9 to 16, 21, and 22. Laguna Meadow Allotment: T14S, R5E, Sections 27, 28, 33, and 34; T15S, R5E, Sections 3, 4, 9 to 16, 22 to 26, 35, and 36; and T15S, R6E, Sections 30 and 31. The climate is Mediterranean with hot dry summers and cool, sometimes wet, winters. Annual precipitation is highly variable, ranging from 8 to 40 inches in the past five years, falling almost entirely from winter storms. There is occasional snow above 4000 feet. A small of amount of rain from convective thunderstorms may fall in the summer. For this environmental assessment, the Forest Service determined livestock use patterns by utilizing historical records, discussion with permittees, and annual inspections. Livestock use patterns were used to develop primary and secondary/transitional "use zones" for the project area. Primary use zones are generally grasslands, either wet or dry meadows, oak woodlands or pine forests with grassy understory. These vegetative communities are preferred foraging areas by livestock. Livestock are often restricted to these primary use zones by dense vegetation boundaries formed by montane chaparral, steep slopes or by fencing. Secondary/transitional use zones are areas of dense montane chaparral where forage may be temporarily available after fire or areas that may be used only occasionally by cattle. Transitional use zones also include isolated grassy areas that are inaccessible except after fire has cleared chaparral. These areas include all capable and suitable areas in the allotments that are not primary use zones. In general, they receive only occasional use by livestock. Maps 1 shows the general location of the allotments within San Diego County and maps 2 and 3 illustrate the current allotment and subunit boundaries, and areas considered primary range. Laguna and Laguna Meadow Grazing Allotments Environmental Assessment Descanso Ranger District, Cleveland National Forest, Page 2 1.2 Background Where consistent with the goals, objectives, standards and guidelines of the Cleveland NF Land Management Plan, Forest Service policy is to make forage from lands that are suitable for livestock grazing available to qualified livestock operators. The capability and suitability for grazing on the two allotments has been determined as part of this analysis. A summary of the capability and suitability analysis for these allotments is included in Appendix A. Additional documentation, including detailed analyses of project-area resources, is on file in the project planning record located at the Descanso RD office. 1.3 Land Management Plan The Land Management Plan establishes goals for the livestock program, directions for land use zones, place-based management directions, and standards for implementing projects. A complete analysis of the relation of the proposed action for each allotment to all relevant standards, land use zones and place-based management direction from the Land Management Plan is contained in Appendix A. 1.3.1 Forest Plan Goals and Strategies for Livestock Grazing The goal for rangeland management on the Cleveland NF is: LMP Goal 6.1 – Rangeland Condition – Move toward improved rangeland conditions as indicated by key range sites. Desired Condition: The desired condition is that livestock grazing opportunities are maintained and are managed for sustainable, healthy rangelands that contribute to improving watershed conditions towards a fully functional and productive condition. The livestock grazing program strategies found in the Land Management Plan are: LG 1 – Livestock Grazing: Livestock grazing areas are maintained and remain sustainable and suitable over the long-term. LG 2 – Rangeland Health: Rangelands are healthy and sustainable over the long term. Rangelands are meeting or moving toward forest plan, ecosystem, and site-specific desired conditions. 1.4 Allotment History Grazing has occurred in the project area since the early 1800s, when lands that now make up the Cleveland NF served as grazing land for Spanish missions. Grazing increased when large areas of land were granted to families in ranchos by the Mexican government by the 1850s. The mountains surrounding the ranchos were open range for domestic livestock. These lands were Laguna and Laguna Meadow Grazing Allotments Environmental Assessment Descanso Ranger District, Cleveland National Forest, Page 3 probably used as summer range for operations at ranchos in what are now the El Cajon, Jamul and Otay Mesa areas. In the late 1880s cattle were often driven into the mountains from large private ranches in the valleys below. Cattle were brought from as far away as the Los Angeles basin to graze the area, especially during drought years. Grazing probably reached its peak around the turn of the century when San Diego County was among the top ten cattle producing counties in California. The Laguna Meadow area was homesteaded by the Chilwell family in the 1880s. The family established the ―Campo Cattle Company‖ which dominated grazing in the Laguna area through the 1920s and used agents to homestead the valuable rangeland. Since then, grazing has been controlled on the national forest by issuing permits for specific areas, but grazing use on public lands in the Cleveland NF usually has been incidental to adjacent private land grazing. Grazing on the national forest has declined both in numbers of cattle and in amount of land since the 1970s, but has stabilized in recent years. 1.4.1 Laguna Meadow Allotment Most of Laguna Meadow was privately owned and operated as a working cattle ranch until the mid-1970s. Most of the improvements on the allotment, including the major water features of Big Laguna Lake and Water of the Woods, were built before Forest Service ownership. Prior to the mid-1970s, grazing permits were issued for grazing on adjacent Forest Service lands (Wooded Hill and Morris Ranch area). In the 1960s, the Filaree Flat area transferred into Forest Service ownership made a part of the Laguna Meadow allotment. In the mid-1970s, the County of San Diego received funding to purchase the meadow which was being pursued by developers. This 1500-acre set of parcels was then transferred to the Forest Service. Parcels were acquired over several years, with the final purchases completed by 1977. The Forest Service also acquired the Kemp Ranch house and all the stock handling facilities present in the southern part of the meadow. After the acquisition of the land by the Forest Service, planning began for the establishment of the Laguna Mountain Recreation Area. The Forest Service adopted a plan that called for management of the area to emphasize recreation over other uses. In the plan, grazing was to be reduced to levels that were compatible with the planned recreational uses. The plan was finalized in 1979. In 1980, an interim grazing plan was developed that would use annual permits to slowly reduce the number of animals grazing in the allotment. Also, the grazing season in the meadow was shortened and delayed until June 1 to allow for better wildflower displays and improved perennial grass conditions. Cattle were excluded from the meadow around Little Laguna Lake due to the concentration of recreational facilities bordering that meadow. Grazing numbers were reduced slightly from 1980 to 1985. In 1985 a 10-year term permit was issued for 300 cow/calf pairs from May 1 to October 31 for Laguna Meadow, Filaree Flat, and Wooded Hill. Cattle were not allowed onto Laguna Meadow until June 1. There were also 25 pairs permitted for Morris Ranch from May 1 to October 31. In 1990 grazing numbers were substantially reduced in annual authorizations down to approximately 100 pairs in 1990. This rose to around 150 pairs by 1995. This reduction was a response to consistent grazing beyond forage utilization standards and drought. In 1995, a term Laguna and Laguna Meadow Grazing Allotments Environmental Assessment Descanso Ranger District, Cleveland National Forest, Page 4 grazing permit was issued for 140 cow/calf pairs and the on-date for Laguna Meadow itself was moved from June 1 to July 1 annually. Grazing use has stabilized at these numbers since 1995. 1.4.2 Laguna Allotment The Laguna allotment is composed of National Forest System lands that surround a series of private parcels from the south flank of Mt.