American National Symbols (Level 1)

Project G.L.A.D. Orange Unified School District American National Symbols (Level 1) Idea Pages

I. UNIT THEME  All people use symbols to express/represent what is meaningful to them  Cross-Cultural Sensitivity Theme: People are unified in their desire for freedom.

II. FOCUS/MOTIVATION  Observation Charts: national symbols  Patriotic Songs, Poetry, Chants  Inquiry Chart: What do we know about national symbols? What do we want to know?  Picture File Cards  Cognitive Content Dictionary  Big Books  Super Patriot Awards

III. CLOSURE/ASSESSMENT  Student generated tests  Team Task Presentations  Create symbols  Chapter test

IV. SOCIAL STUDIES- GRADE 1 CALIFORNIA STANDARDS 1.20 Students compare and contrast the absolute and relative locations of places and people and describe the physical and/or human characteristics of places. 1.21 Students locate on maps and globe their local community, California, the United States, the seven continents, and the four oceans. 1.22 Students compare the information that can be derived from a three-dimensional model to the information that can be derived from a picture of the same location. 1.30 Students know and understand the symbols, icons, and traditions of the United States that provide continuity and a sense of community across time. 1.31 Students recite the Pledge of Allegiance and sing songs that express American ideals. 1.32 Students identify American symbols, landmarks, and essential documents, such as the flag, bald eagle, Statue of Liberty, U.S. Constitution, and Declaration of Independence, and know the people and events associated with them.

V. ELA Standards: Reading (Grade 1) 1.0 Word Analysis, Fluency, and Systematic Vocabulary Development Students understand the basic features of reading. They select letter patterns and know how to translate them into spoken language by using phonics, syllabication, and word parts. They apply this knowledge to achieve fluent oral and silent reading.

American National Symbols Level 1 CA 1 Orange Unified - Project G.L.A.D. (06/09) IDEA PAGES 2

Concepts About Print 1.1 Match oral words to printed words. 1.2 Identify the title and author of a reading selection. 1.3 Identify letters, words, and sentences. Phonemic Awareness 1.4 Distinguish initial, medial, and final sounds in single-syllable words. 1.5 Distinguish long-and short-vowel sounds in orally stated single-syllable words 1.6 Create and state a series of rhyming words, including consonant blends. 1.7 Add, delete, or change target sounds to change words 1.8 Blend two to four phonemes into recognizable words 1.9 Segment single-syllable words into their components Decoding and Word Recognition 1.10 Generate the sounds from all the letters and letter patterns, including consonant blends and long-and short-vowel, and blend those sounds into recognizable words. 1.11 Read common, irregular sight words 1.12 Use knowledge of vowel digraphs and r- controlled letter-sound associations to read words. 1.13 Read compound words and contractions. 1.14 Read inflectional forms and root words. 1.15 Read common word families. 1.16 Read aloud with fluency in a manner that sounds like natural speech. Vocabulary and Concept Development 1.17 Classify grade-appropriate categories of words.

2.0 Reading Comprehension Students read and understand grade-level-appropriate material. Structural Features of Informational Materials 2.1 Identify text that uses sequence or other logical order. Comprehension and Analysis of Grade-Level-Appropriate Text 2.2 Respond to who, what, when, where, and how questions. 2.3 Follow one-step written instructions. 2.4 Use context to resolve ambiguities about word and sentence meanings. 2.5 Confirm predictions about what will happen next in a text by identifying key words. 2.6 Relate prior knowledge to textual information. 2.7 Retell the central ideas of simple expository or narrative passages.

3.0 Literary Response and Analysis Students read and respond to a wide variety of significant works of children's literature. Narrative Analysis of Grade-Level-Appropriate Text 3.1 Identify and describe the elements of plot, setting, and character(s) in a story, as well as the story's beginning, middle, and ending. 3.2 Describe the roles of authors and illustrators and their contributions to print materials. 3.3 Recollect, talk, and write about books read during the school year.

American National Symbols Level 1 CA 2 Orange Unified - Project G.L.A.D. (06/09) IDEA PAGES 3 1.0 Writing Strategies Students write clear and coherent sentences and paragraphs that develop a central idea. Organization and Focus 1.1 Select a focus when writing. 1.2 Use descriptive words when writing.

Penmanship 1.3 Print legibly and space letters, words, and sentences appropriately.

2.0 Writing Applications (Genres and Their Characteristics) Students write compositions that describe and explain familiar objects, events, and experiences. 2.1 Write brief narratives describing an experience. 2.2 Write brief expository descriptions of a real object, person, place, or event, using sensory details.

1.0 Written and Oral English Language Conventions Students write and speak with a command of standard English conventions appropriate to this grade level. Sentence Structure 1.1 Write and speak in complete, coherent sentences. Grammar 1.2 Identify and correctly use singular and plural nouns. 1.3 Identify and correctly use contractions and singular possessive pronouns in writing and speaking. Punctuation 1.4 Distinguish between declarative, exclamatory, and interrogative sentences. 1.5 Use a period, exclamation point, or question mark at the end of sentences. 1.6 Use knowledge of the basic rules of punctuation and capitalization when writing.

Capitalization 1.7 Capitalize the first word of a sentence, names of people, and the pronoun I. Spelling 1.8 Spell three-and four-letter short-vowel words and grade-level-appropriate sight words correctly. 1. Listening and Speaking Strategies Students listen critically and respond appropriately to oral communication. They speak in a manner that guides the listener to understand important ideas by using proper phrasing, pitch, and modulation. Comprehension 1.1 Listen attentively. 1.2 Ask questions for clarification and understanding. 1.3 Give, restate, and follow simple two-step directions.

Organization and Delivery of Oral Communication 1.4 Stay on the topic when speaking. 1.5 Use descriptive words when speaking about people, places, things, and events. 2.0 Speaking Applications Students deliver brief recitations and oral presentations about familiar experiences or interests that are organized around a coherent thesis statement. Student speaking demonstrates a command of standard American English and the organizational and delivery strategies outlined in Listening and Speaking Standard 1.0. 2.1 Recite poems, rhymes, songs, and stories. 2.2 Retell stories using basic story grammar and relating the sequence of story events by answering who, what, when, where, why, and how questions. 2.3 Relate an important life event or personal experience in a simple sequence. 2.4 Provide descriptions with careful attention to sensory detail.

VI. English Language Development Standards Listening and Speaking Beginning  Begin to speak a few words or sentences  Respond to simple directions and directions using non-verbal communication Early Intermediate  Begin to be understood when speaking  Ask and answer questions using phrases or simple sentences  Retell familiar stories and short conversations Intermediate  Be understood when speaking  Ask and answer instructional questions using simple sentences  Listen attentively to stories/information and identify key details and concepts  Retell stories and talk about school related activities Early Advance  Be understood when speaking using pitch, sounds and intonation  Ask and answer instructional questions with more extensive elements  Listen attentively to stories/information and orally identify key details and concepts  Retell stories in greater detail including characters, setting, plot Advance  Speak clearly and comprehensibly  Listen attentively to stories/information on new topics and identify key details orally and in writing  Narrative and paraphrase events in greater detail using more extended vocabulary

Reading

Word Analysis Concepts About Print, Phonemic Awareness, and Vocabulary and Concept Development

Beginning

 Recognize English phonemes that correspond to phonemes students already hear and produce in their primary language. Early Intermediate  Produce English phonemes that correspond to phonemes students already hear and produce.  Recognize English phonemes that do not correspond to sounds students hear and produce,  Pronounce most English phonemes correctly while reading aloud.  Recognize sound/symbol relation-ships and basic word-formation rules in phrases, simple sentences, or simple text. Intermediate  Pronounce most English phonemes correctly while reading aloud.  Recognize sound/symbol relation-ships and basic word-formation rules in phrases, simple sentences, or simple text.  Recognize and name all uppercase and lowercase letters of the alphabet. Early Advanced  Use common English morphemes to derive meaning in oral and silent reading  Recognize sound/symbol relationship and basic word-formation rules in phrases, simple sentences, or simple text. Advanced  Apply knowledge of common morphemes to derive meaning in oral and silent reading

Fluency and Systematic Vocabulary Development Beginning  Read aloud simple stories  Demonstrate comprehension of simple vocabulary Early Intermediate  Read simple vocabulary, phrases and sentences independently  Produce vocabulary and phrases Intermediate  Use decoding skills to read more complex words independently  Use more complex vocabulary and sentences to communicate needs

American National Symbols Level 1 CA 5 Orange Unified - Project G.L.A.D. (06/09) IDEA PAGES 6 Early Advanced  Use decoding skills and knowledge of academic and social vocabulary Advanced  Apply knowledge of academic and social vocabulary

Comprehension Beginning  Identify the basic sequence of events read to them  Respond orally to stories read to them, using physical actions  Understand and follow simple one step directions  Draw pictures from student’s own experiences related to story or topic Early Intermediate  Orally identify basic sequence of text read to them  Respond orally to simple stories read to them by answering factual questions  Understand and follow simple two step directions  Draws and label pictures related to a story  Use the content of the story to draw logical inferences Intermediate  Read and use simple sentences to orally respond to stories by answering factual comprehension questions  Understand and follow multi-step directions  Write captions of words or phrases  Use the content of stories read aloud to draw inferences Early Advanced  Read and respond to stories by answering factual comprehension questions about cause and effect relationships  Write a brief story summary  Read and use detailed sentences to orally identify Advanced  Prepare an oral or written summary

Literary Response and Analysis Beginning  Listen to a story and respond orally by answering factual comprehension questions using one or two-word responses Early intermediate  Orally respond to a story by answering factual comprehension questions using simple sentences  Recite simple poems

Intermediate  Use expanded vocabulary and descriptive words  Read simple poetry to factual comprehension questions  Orally identify beg, middle and end of a story Early Advanced  Use expanded vocabulary and descriptive words  Read short poems and orally identify the basic elements  Read and identify beg, middle and end of a story Advanced  Read and respond orally and in writing to a variety of children’s literature  Describe the elements of poetry

ELD Standards: Writing and Conventions (K-2)

Strategies and Application Beginning  Copy the Eng alphabet legibly and words posted in the classroom  Write a phrase or simple sentence Early Intermediate  Write simple sentences using key words  Write one to two simple sentences Intermediate  Write simple sentences appropriate for language arts and other content areas Early advanced  Use complex vocabulary and sentences  Use the writing process to write short paragraphs that maintain a consistent focus

Advanced  Proceed through the writing process to write clear and coherent sentences and paragraphs that maintain a consistent focus.

Conventions Beginning  Use capital letters when writing own name

Early Intermediate  Use capital letters to begin sentences and proper nouns and periods and questions marks at the end of a sentence.  Edit writing for basic conventions.

Intermediate  Produce independent writing that may include some inconsistent use of capitalization, periods, and correct spelling.  Use standard word order but may have some inconsistent grammatical forms. Early advanced  Produce independent writing that may include some periods, correct spelling, and inconsistent capitalization.  Use standard word order with some inconsistent grammar forms .  Edit writing to check some of the mechanics of writing. Advanced  Use complete sentences and correct word order.  Use correct parts of speech, including correct subject/verb agreement.  Edit writing for punctuation, capitalization and spelling.  Produce writing that demonstrates a command of the conventions of standard English.

VII. VOCABULARY U.S. Flag Liberty Bell Independence Rights Statue of Liberty Allegiance Government Declaration Bald Eagle Country Courage Ellis Island Great Seal Land Salute Betsy Ross Freedom President Justice Laws Liberty Celebrate Patriotic Citizen Symbol Pledge American Leaders

VIII. MATH/SCIENCE/HISTORY/SOCIAL SCIENCE SKILLS - Graphing - Organization - Sequencing - Relating - Critical thinking skills

IX. RESOURCES AND MATERIALS: NON-FICTION

Arndt, Ursula. Fireworks, Picnics, and Flags: The Story of the Fourth of July Symbols, Houghton Mifflin, 2001

Bateman, Teresa. Red, White, Blue and Uncle Who? The Story Behind Some of America’s Patriotic Symbols, Holiday House, Inc., 2003

Cheney, Lynne. A Time for Freedom, Simon & Schuster Publishing Group, 2006

Cheney, Lynne, America: A Patriotic Primer, Simon & Schuster Publishing, 2002.

Cheney, Lynne. Our 50 States: A Family Adventure Across America, Simon & Schuster Publishing Group, 2006

Cheyette Lewison, Wendy. F is for Flag, Penguin Young Reader’s Group, 2002

Cheyette Lewison, Wendy. L Is for Liberty, Penguin Young Readers Group, 2001

DeGezelle, Terri. American Symbols: The Great Seal of the United States, Capstone Press, 2004

Fink, Sam, The Declaration of Independence: The Words That Made America, Scholastic Nonfiction

Haskins, Jim. The Statue of Liberty, America’s Proud Lady , Harcourt Brace and Company, 1986

Jango-Cohen, Judith. American Flag, Learner Publishing Group, 2003

Jango-Cohen, Judith. Bald Ealge, Learner Publishing Group, 2003

Jones, Taffy. Who Is Uncle Sam?, Maryland Historical Press, 1990

Keenan, Sheila. O, Say Can You See? America’s Symbols, Landmarks, and Important Words, Scholastic, 2004

Maestro, Betsy & Giulio, The Story of the Statue of Liberty, Mulberry Books, Harper Collins Publishers, 1986

Martin, Bill, I Pledge Allegiance, Candlewick Press, 2004

Miller, Natalie. Cornerstones of Freedom: The Statue of Liberty, Children’s Press, 1992

Pearl, Norman. Great Seal of the United States, Capstone Press, 2006

Scillan, Devin, A is for America: An American Alphabet, Sleeping Bear Press

Scillan, Devin, One Nation: America by the Numbers, Sleeping Bear Press

St. George, Judith. So You Want To Be President?, Philomel Books, 2000

Thames, Susan. Our American Symbols, Rourke Publishing, LLC, 2006

Wallner, Alexandra. Betsy Ross. Hampton-Brown, 1994.

RESOURCE AND MATERIALS: FICTION

Berlin, Irving, God Bless America, Harper Collins, 2001

Braithwaite, Jill. Statue of Liberty, Lerner Publishing Group, 2003

Carlson Johnson, Linda. Our National Symbols, Lerner Publishing Group, 1992

DeGezelle, Terri & Andrews, Melodie. Ellis Island (American Symbols Series), Capstone Press, 2006

Dell, Pamela, Labbo, Linda, & Kingsbury, Kathryn. The National Anthem (Let’s See), Capstone Press, 2006

Douglas, Lloyd. Liberty Bell, Children’s Press, 2003

Douglas, Lloyd. Pledge of Allegiance, Children’s Press, 2003

Douglas, Lloyd. Statue of Liberty (Welcome Books Series), Children’s Pres, 2003

Douglas, Lloyd. White House, Children’s Press, 2003

Ferry, Joseph, The National Anthem (American Symbols and Their Meanings Series), Mason Crest Publishers, 2002

Forna, Jill. Statues and Monuments, Weigl Publishers, Inc., 2004

Keenan, Sheila. O, Say Can You See? America’s Symbols, Landmarks, and Important Words, Scholastic, 1992

Nelson, Kristin, The Washington Monument (American Symbols Series), Lerner Publishing Group, 2003

Patrick, Sam. The Presidents: Washington to Reagan, Greenwich House Publishers, 1984

St. Pierre, Stephanie. Our National Anthem, Lerner Publishing Group, 1992

Washington, D.C. Board Book by DK Publishers, 1997

Yanuck. Bald Eagle, Capstone Press, 2003

RESOURCE AND MATERIALS: TECHNOLOGY

Bald Eagle: www.johnsonmill.com/images/Bald%20Eagle Flag: http://www.nevosoft.com Google: www.google.com Great Seal: www.conspiracyarchive.com/.../g/great_seal.gif http://www.greatseal.com/symbols/index.html http://www.homeofheroes.com/hallofheroes/1st_floor/flag/1bfc_seal.html Liberty Bell: www.utsa.edu/.../images/graphics/libertybell.jpg http://www.ushistory.org/libertybell/index.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberty_Bell Statue of Liberty: http://www.migrationlaw.com/index.htm?us_intro.php~main http://www.the-patriotic-shopper.com/books.htm http://www.kidsreads.com/features/0703-patriotic.asp

RESOURCE AND MATERIALS: TEACHER RESOURCES

Patriotic Songs and Symbols- Grades 2-5 by Melissa Hart, M.F.A., Teacher Created Materials, 2002

Proud to Be an American Songbook, Scholastic, 2002

The Star-Spangled Banner- Special Commemorative Edition, A Collaborative Work, Scholastic Inc., 2002

RESOURCE AND MATERIALS: DISTRICT ADOPTED TEXT

Harcourt School Publishers- Reflections: Our Communities- Unit 5: Chapter 9 “America’s Cherished Ideals”. Pgs. 322-360.

American National Symbols Level 1 CA 11 Orange Unified - Project G.L.A.D. (06/09) Project G.L.A.D. Orange Unified School District American National Symbols – Level 1 Unit Planning Pages

I. FOCUS/MOTIVATION - Observation charts - Patriotic Songs - Poetry - Chants - Cognitive Content Dictionary - Inquiry Charts - Big Book - Super Patriots Awards - Read Aloud

II. INPUT - Graphic Organizer– World map, USA map - Timeline - Symbols - Narrative: Betsy Ross - Comparative Input- Flags: Original vs. Current - 10/2 lecture - Chants - Mind Map - Read Aloud

III. GUIDED ORAL PRACTICE - Process Grid - Sentence Patterning Chart - T-Graph for social skills on cooperation - Exploration Report - Personal interaction: Why are symbols important? - Chants - Poetry - Picture File Card sort - Interest Corners - Poetry Scramble

IV. READING/WRITING A. Whole Class Modeling . Story map . Cooperative strip paragraph . Group frame . Found poetry: “America the Beautiful” . Expository paragraphs

American National Symbols Level 1 CA 12 Orange Unified - Project G.L.A.D. (06/09) PLANNING PAGES 2

B. Co-op Reading/Writing . Team Tasks . Expert Groups . Mind Mapping . SQ3R . Ear-to-Ear Reading . Focused Reading . Flexible Reading Groups  ELD: Group Frame  Struggling: Cooperative Strip Paragraph  At or above: SQ3R Clunkers-n-Links

C. Individual Activities- Portfolio - Learning Log - Interactive Journal Writing - Poetry Booklet - Diagrams, illustrations

V. WRITER’S WORKSHOP - Mini- Lesson - Conference/Editing - Author’s Chair

VI. EXTENDED ACTIVITIES FOR INTEGRATION - Jeopardy - PowerPoint Presentation - Chants - Class Big Book

VII. CLOSURE - Process all charts - Home School Connection - Team task sharing - Team Feud Game

American National Symbols Level 1 CA 13 Orange Unified - Project G.L.A.D. (06/09) Sample Daily Lesson Plan DAY 1:

FOCUS/MOTIVATION - Super Patriot Awards o Review 3 standards for behavior - Cognitive Content Dictionary with signal word: Symbol - Observation charts - Inquiry Chart: What do we want to know about symbols? - Big Book: National Symbols - Poetry: Flag Salute

INPUT - Graphic Organizer: World to USA Map o 10/2 lecture with primary language o Learning Log o ELD Review - Graphic Organizer: Timeline of Symbols o 10/2 lecture o Learning log o ELD Review

GUIDED ORAL PRACTICE - T-Graph for social skills on Cooperation - Picture File Card Sort - Exploration Report

INPUT - Narrative: Betsy Ross o 10/2 o ELD Review

READING/WRITING - Chants - Interactive Journal - Flexible Group Reading

WRITER’S WORKSHOP - Mini Lesson - Writing - Author’s Chair

CLOSURE - Home School connection

American National Symbols Level 1 CA 14 Orange Unified - Project G.L.A.D. (06/09) Sample Daily Lesson Plan

DAY 2:

FOCUS/MOTIVATION - Cognitive Content Dictionary: Freedom - Process Home/School Connection o Team Points - Process input charts with word cards - Process narrative with vocabulary cards and speech bubbles - Chant - Read Aloud - Awards

INPUT - Comparative: Flags of Today and Yesterday o 10/2 lecture o ELD Review o Learning logs

GUIDED ORAL PRACTICE - Chant (highlight, picture file, sketch)

READING/WRITING - Team Tasks - Expert Groups o Mind maps - Interactive Journal

WRITER’S WORKSHOP - Mini lesson - Writing - Author’s Chair

DAY 3:

FOCUS/MOTIVATION - Cognitive Content Dictionary with signal word: self selected vocabulary word - Process Home/School Connection - Review input charts with word cards - Big Book - Chant (highlight, picture file, sketch) - Review narrative with story map

INPUT - Read Aloud: Statue of Liberty

GUIDED ORAL PRACTICE - Sentence Patterning Chart o Reading game o Trading game o Flip chant - Expert Groups o Mind map o Team tasks - Process Grid - Cooperative Strip Paragraph o Respond, revise, edit

WRITER’S WORKSHOP - Mini lesson - Write - Author’s chair

DAY 4:

FOCUS/MOTIVATION - Cognitive Content Dictionary with signal word: self selected vocabulary - Process Home/School Connection - Read Aloud- expository - Chant (highlight, picture file card, sketch)

READING/WRITING - Flexible Reading Groups o ELD: group frame o At or Above: SQ3R/Clunkers & Links o Team tasks . Oral evaluation

WRITER’S WORKSHOP - Mini lesson - Write - Author’s Chair

DAY 5:

FOCUS/MOTIVATION - Cognitive Content Dictionary: Self selected vocabulary - Process Home/School Connection - Patriotic Song - Read aloud

READING/WRITING - Listen/sketch

GUIDED ORAL PRACTICE - Team Writer’s Workshop - Chant (highlight, picture file, sketch)

READING/WRITING - Found Poetry: America the Beautiful - Ear to Ear Reading - Flexible Reading Groups o Struggling: Cooperative Strip Paragraph o Team Tasks . Written evaluation . Team presentations - Focused Reading with personal Cognitive Content Dictionary

WRITER’S WORKSHOP - Mini lesson - Write - Author’s Chair

CLOSURE - Process inquiry chart - Evaluation of the week - Letter home to parents - Team Feud

American National Symbols Level 1 CA 18 Orange Unified - Project G.L.A.D. (06/09) Historian Historian Bookmarks Bookmarks Historian Bookmarks

American National Symbols Level 1 CA 19 Orange Unified - Project G.L.A.D. (06/09) I Just Thought You Might Like to Know Big Book Text By Carol Dubbs

I just thought you might like to know that symbols have a special meaning. Symbols are important to our country. Symbols are important to our state. Symbols are important for different reasons. Symbols give us a feeling of pride. I just thought you might like to know that symbols have a special meaning.

I just thought you might like to know that symbols have a special meaning. A landmark is a symbol that is made by man or nature. It helps people find their way. The United States Capitol Building is a manmade landmark. I just thought you might like to know that symbols have a special meaning.

I just thought you might like to know that symbols have a special meaning. A monument is a symbol. It is built in honor of a famous person or event in history. The Washington Monument was built in honor of our first president, George Washington. I just thought you might like to know that symbols have a special meaning.

I just thought you might like to know that symbols have a special meaning. A memorial is a symbol that keeps a memory alive. A memorial may be built to honor a person. Abraham Lincoln has a memorial in Washington, District of Columbia. I just thought you might like to know that symbols have a special meaning.

I just thought you might like to know that symbols have a special meaning. The United States Flag is a symbol of our country. The Bald Eagle is our national bird. These symbols stand for strength and freedom. I just thought you might like to know that symbols have a special meaning.

I just thought you might like to know that symbols have a special meaning. The Liberty Bell rang for freedom. The Statue of Liberty helped celebrate our 100th. Birthday. They are symbols that represent America’s values. I just thought you might like to know that symbols have a special meaning.

American National Symbols Level 1 CA 20 Orange Unified - Project G.L.A.D. (06/09) American National Symbols Level 1 CA 21 Orange Unified - Project G.L.A.D. (06/09) Flag Comparative Input Chart

American National Symbols Level 1 CA 22 Orange Unified - Project G.L.A.D. (06/09) Betsy Ross Narrative Text by Alexander Wallner

Elizabeth Griscom was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on January 1, 1752. Elizabeth, called Betsy by her family, was the eighth child of seventeen born to Samuel and Rebecca. Her family were Quakers, a religious group that believed in living in a simple, peaceful way. The family was so large that the children had to help with chores. Betsy helped by sewing the white caps Quaker girls wore every day.

Betsy attended the Friends School with other Quakers and children from wealthy families. Besides learning reading, writing, arithmetic, geography, and history, students performed a four-hour task each day. Betsy used this time to sew. She enjoyed creating quilts and samplers with complicated designs. Betsy’s needlework was the most beautiful in Philadelphia, and she won many prizes for it.

When Betsy was a teenager, she begged her parents to let her work outside their home. Her parents agreed to let her work for an upholsterer, sewing the coverings for sofas, chairs, and other furniture. In the shop, she met a worker named John Ross, and they fell in love. Betsy married him in 1773, even though her wasn’t a Quaker. The Quakers and her parents disapproved in her marrying someone outside of the Quaker faith.

At this time, America was made up of only thirteen colonies on the East Coast, ruled by King George III of England. The colonials did not like being under English rule. In 1775, their newly formed government, the Continental Congress, established an American army to fight the British. The first battles were fought in Lexington and Concord, Massachusetts, on April 19,1775 and marked the beginning of the Revolutionary War.

Although Philadelphians knew about the fighting, business went on as usual. Betsy and John set up a small shop in 1775. They worked long hours to make their business succeed.

John joined the army. One night in 1776, he was guarding a storehouse full of ammunition that exploded. For months, Betsy nursed him with herbs and home remedies. Despite her care, John died.

Betsy was now a widow who ran her business alone in a shop on Arch Street. After work she made musket balls to help the American cause, going against the Quaker’s peaceful ways.

General George Washington, the commander in chief of the army, wanted the Colonials to have a flag. Not only would it be a symbol of the Colonials’ independence from England, it would also stand for the Colonies fighting together. He sketched a design for a flag and showed it to his close friends Robert Morris and Colonel George Ross. Colonel Ross, John’s uncle, suggested that Betsy sew the flag.

The three men called on Betsy in her small shop.

When General Washington showed her his sketch, Betsy looked at it and frowned.

American National Symbols Level 1 CA 23 Orange Unified - Project G.L.A.D. (06/09) “Why not have a five-pointed star instead of a six-pointed one?” she said. “Five-pointed stars are easier to sew, and they waste less cloth.”

The men looked doubtful, so she took a scrap of cloth, folded it, and with one snip of her scissors cur a five-pointed star.

“And I think the flag should be shaped like a rectangle. It would look better waving in the wind than the square flag drawn by General Washington.”

The men were impressed by Betsy’s design and agreed that it was better.

Betsy took great care in making the first American flag. She sewed thirteen stars shaped in a circle on a blue field. She placed it against thirteen red and white stripes.

On July 4, 1776, the Declaration of Independence was signed. The thirteen Colonies became the thirteen United States of America.

On June 14, 1777, Betsy’s flag was described at a meeting of Congress and a resolution was passed. The minutes of the meeting read:

“Resolved, that the flag of the United States be thirteen stripes alternate red and white, that the union be thirteen stars in a blue field, representing a new constellation.”

During the war, Betsy became well known for her beautiful flags, but her reputation as an upholsterer grew as well. She got many important jobs, she worked for Benjamin Franklin, the Society of Free Quakers, and the State House of Pennsylvania.

In 1777, Betsy married Joseph Ashburn, a sea captain. Joseph was often away from home. During one of his voyages, British soldiers occupied Philadelphia for a few months. Many citizens left the city, but Betsy stayed to run her business, even though she was alone. Soldiers camped in her house. She was polite to them, but she always let them know whose side she was on. The soldiers came to respect this love, hardworking woman and called her “the Little Rebel.”

During a sea battle with England, Joseph was taken prisoner. In 1782, when the war was over, Betsy learned from a friend named John Claypoole that Joseph had died in an English prison. Meanwhile, Betsy and Joseph’s first child, Zillah, had died, and their second child, Elizabeth, had been born. Now Betsy was a widow again.

John Claypoole and Betsy’s friendship grew. In 1783, John became Betsy’s third husband.

They joined the Society of Free Quakers, which permitted marriage outside the faith. Betsy could worship in the church once again.

Together Betsy and John had five children: Clarissa, Susannah, Rachel, Jane, and Harriet, who died as a baby.

American National Symbols Level 1 CA 24 Orange Unified - Project G.L.A.D. (06/09) Although John was a sea voyager, Betsy asked him to come and work in her flourishing upholstery shop. She needed his help. But John grew bored with the upholstery business and went to work for the U.S. Customs House. He became ill the last few years of his life. John died in 1817.

Betsy taught sewing to her daughters, her granddaughters, and her nieces. When they grew up, they helped her run the business.

At age seventy-five, Betsy finally retired. Her eyesight was failing, and one of her children read the Bible to her as she sat by the fire. Betsy liked to tell stories about her life. Her favorite story was the one about making the first American flag.

Betsy died in 1836. The people who knew her told her story about the flag. Finally, in 1870, her grandson William J. Canby made Betsy’s story public in an address to the Historical Society of Pennsylvania.

Betsy was buried on Arch Street in the garden of the house she once ran as an upholstery shop. The flag of the United States flies twenty-four hours a day over her grave.

American National Symbols Level 1 CA 25 Orange Unified - Project G.L.A.D. (06/09) Poetry Booklet: American National Symbols

Name: ______

American National Symbols Level 1 CA 26 Orange Unified - Project G.L.A.D. (06/09) Here’s a Symbol, There’s a Symbol (Tune: Clemetine) Elizabeth Gellatly

Ring the Liberty Bell for freedom, The Great Seal says we’re all one See the Eagle soaring proudly Showing spirit happy and free.

Uncle Sam says, “Yes, I want you” And our flag, red, white, and blue White is purity, red is bravery, Blue is for justice for me and you!

Here’s a symbol, there’s a symbol Look for symbols everywhere America says it with a symbol Using symbols shows we care!

The Pledge of Allegiance was recognized In the year of forty-two. Written by Francis Bellamy To remind us to be true!

Seven Seas and Seven Continents On the Statue of Liberty’s Crown Declaration of Independence Celebrations all around.

Here’s a symbol, there’s a symbol Look for symbols everywhere Americans says it with a symbol Using symbols shows we care!

American National Symbols Level 1 CA 27 Orange Unified - Project G.L.A.D. (06/09) United States Symbols By: Elizabeth Gellatly

(Tune: Old MacDonald)

The United States has a symbol eieiohhh And in the symbol is a message eieiohhh

Statue of Liberty here, Statue of Liberty there, Here a statue, there a statue, Everywhere a statue, statue

Great Seal here, Great Seal there, Here a Great Seal, there a Great Seal Everywhere a Great Seal

American National Symbols Level 1 CA 28 Orange Unified - Project G.L.A.D. (06/09) Flags Here, Flags There By: Elizabeth Gellatly

Flags here, Flags there United States flags everywhere

Brilliant flags shining American flags symbolizing Revolutionary flags changing United States flags expanding

Flags on the Capitol building Flags on the flag pole Flags in the post office Flags at half mast

Flags here, Flags there United States flags everywhere FLAGS! FLAGS! FLAGS!

American National Symbols Level 1 CA 29 Orange Unified - Project G.L.A.D. (06/09) Yes, Ma’am By: Elizabeth Gellatly

Is this a U.S. Flag? Yes, Ma'am! Is this a U.S. Flag? Yes, Ma'am! How do you know? Red, white, and blue! How do you know? Flying high and proud! What does it stand for? Bravery, and Purity! Where will I find it? Government offices!

Is this the Statue of Liberty? Yes, Ma'am! Is this the Statue of Liberty? Yes, Ma'am! How do you know? Spiked crown! How do you know? A glowing torch! What does it stand for? It stands for freedom! Where will I find it? Liberty Island!

Is this the Liberty Bell? Yes, Ma'am! Is this the Liberty Bell? Yes, Ma'am! How do you know? 12 foot circumference! How do you know? It has a crack! What does it stand for? Stands for freedom! Where will I find it? Hangs in Philadelphia!

Is this the Great Seal? Yes, Ma'am! Is this the Great Seal? Yes, Ma'am! How do you know? It has a pyramid! How do you know? Bald Eagle on the other side! What does it stand for? Beliefs and values! Where can I find it? President's podium!

American National Symbols Level 1 CA 30 Orange Unified - Project G.L.A.D. (06/09) I’m a Bald Eagle By Elizabeth Gellatly

(Tune: I’m a Nut)

I’m a bald eagle, national bird, I’m the one the soldiers heard. I live in North America, in high cliffs and trees, I’m fierce and independent as I soar through the breeze.

Bald Eagle (clap, clap) Bald Eagle (clap, clap)

I symbolize the ideals of America now, Courage, strength of freedom, I show America how. My pictures on the dollar and on the Great Seal, If you see me around, it’s patriotism you’ll feel.

Bald Eagle (clap, clap) Bald Eagle (clap, clap)

American National Symbols Level 1 CA 31 Orange Unified - Project G.L.A.D. (06/09) Patriotic Bugaloo By Elizabeth Gellatly

I’m Patriotic and I’m here to say, I spot national symbols every day. Sometimes, I see a flag flying high, Sometimes, I see a bald eagle in the sky.

Flag, Bald Eagle, Statue of Liberty, too Doing the Patriotic bugaloo!

Liberty Bell cast in London, they say, Cracked and flawed, we love it anyway. It once hung in Independence Hall, Now in a glass pavilion on view for all.

Flag, Bald Eagle, Statue of Liberty, too Doing the Patriotic bugaloo!

Statue of Liberty a gift from France, they say, They honored America in this way. It came across the ocean packed in crates, Reassembled on a island while Americans wait.

Flag, Bald Eagle, Statue of Liberty, too Doing the Patriotic Bugaloo.

American National Symbols Level 1 CA 32 Orange Unified - Project G.L.A.D. (06/09) Symbols Here, Symbols There By Elizabeth Galletly

Ring the Liberty Bell for our freedom The Great Seal says we’re all one! See the eagle soaring proudly. Showing spirit, proud and free!

(Refrain): Here’s a symbol, there’s a symbol Look for symbols everywhere! The United States uses symbols Using symbols shows we care!

Uncle Sam says, “Yes, I want YOU!” With our flag: red, white, and blue, White is purity, red is bravery, Blue is justice for you and me!

(repeat Refrain)

A 1986 Proclamation made an emblem of the Rose In 1942, the Pledge of Allegiance Was recognized officially

(repeat Refrain)

Seven Seas and Seven Continents On the Statue of Liberty’s Crown Declaration of Independence Celebrations every year.

(repeat Refrain)

American National Symbols Level 1 CA 33 Orange Unified - Project G.L.A.D. (06/09) “ You’re a Grand Old Flag” By George Michael Cohan

You’re a grand old flag,

You’re a high flying flag

And forever in peace may you wave.

You’re the emblem of the land I love

The home of the free and the brave.

Ev’ry heart beats true

‘neath the Red, White, and Blue,

Where there’s never a boast or brag.

Should auld acquaintance be forgot,

Keep your eye on the grand old flag.

American National Symbols Level 1 CA 34 Orange Unified - Project G.L.A.D. (06/09) Flag Salute By Rev. Francis Bellamy

I pledge allegiance to the flag

Of the United States of America,

And to the Republic,

for which it stands:

One nation under God, indivisible,

With liberty and justice for all.

American National Symbols Level 1 CA 35 Orange Unified - Project G.L.A.D. (06/09) Name: ______Date: ______

Home School Connection #1

Sketch two national symbols you have learned about in class today. Discuss with a family member what they mean to you.

Parent Signature: ______

American National Symbols Level 1 CA 36 Orange Unified - Project G.L.A.D. (06/09) Nombre: ______Fecha: ______

Conexión entre el hogar y la escuela #1

Dibuje dos símbolos nacionales sobre los que aprendió en la clase de hoy. Hable con un miembro de la familia sobre lo que significan para usted.

Firma del padre: ______

Tell a family member about the symbolism of our American flag. What other flags does someone in your family know about? Sketch and compare the significance of the American flag and another countries flag.

Conexión entre el hogar y la escuela #2

Converse con un miembro de la familia sobre el simbolismo de nuestra bandera americana. ¿Sobre que otras banderas alguien de su familia conocen? Dibuje y compare el significado de la bandera americana con las banderas de otros países.

Discuss what freedom means to you. Ask a family member to describe what freedom means to them.

Conexión entre hogar y escuela #3

Hable sobre lo que para usted significa la libertad. Pida que un miembro de la familia describa lo que significa la libertad para el/ella.

Discuss what a symbol is. Create a symbol that represents freedom to you and your family.

Conexión entre hogar y escuela #4

Hable sobre lo que es un símbolo. Elija un símbolo que represente su libertad y la de su familia.

American National Symbols Level 1 CA 43 Orange Unified - Project G.L.A.D. (06/09) Expert Group: Flag

There are many kinds of flags. States and cities have flags. So do some businesses and sports teams. Each country also has a flag. A country’s flag is a patriotic symbol that stands for the ideas the people believe in, such as freedom. The feeling of pride in one’s country is called patriotism.

The design of the American flag has changed over time. On early flags, the numbers of both stars and the stripes showed the number of states in the nation.

The nation of the United States of America grew, and soon there were too many states to show as stripes. Congress decided that only a star should be added to the flag when a new state joined the nation. The number of stripes stayed at 13, to stand for the first 13 states.

American National Symbols Level 1 CA 44 Orange Unified - Project G.L.A.D. (06/09) Congress did not say how the stars should be grouped, so flags had different designs. In 1912, the President said that stars must always be grouped in straight rows. The latest change to the nation’s flag was made in 1960. In that year, the fiftieth star was added to stand for the state of Hawaii.

American National Symbols Level 1 CA 45 Orange Unified - Project G.L.A.D. (06/09) Expert Group: The Bald Eagle

Since 1782, the American bald eagle has been the national bird of the United States. The bald eagle is a large and powerful bird. It lives in tall trees or on high cliffs and is a fierce and independent hunter. United States lawmakers felt that the bald eagle showed the strength, courage, and freedom of their new nation.

They also like the fact that the bald eagle lives nowhere else on Earth but in North America. More than 180 years after the bald eagle was made a national symbol, President John F. Kennedy said, “This fierce beauty and proud independence of this great bird aptly symbolizes the strength and freedom of America.”

The bald eagle is used on many objects and documents, including the Great Seal of the United States. The Great Seal is an important symbol of our country. It can be seen on government papers and on government buildings in the nation’s capital.

American National Symbols Level 1 CA 46 Orange Unified - Project G.L.A.D. (06/09) Expert Groups: Statue of Liberty

A landmark is an important human or natural feature that helps people find their way. For many people, the Statue of Liberty has been an important landmark.

Frederic-Auguste Bartholdi, the French artist who created the Statue of Liberty, wanted it to be large and amazing. In 1885, the statue arrived in the United States in 214 crates. The statue was a gift from France to the United States. Many American’s including children, raised money to have the statue set up in New York Harbor.

On the base of the statue are the lines from a poem by Emma Lazarus. The last line says, “I lift my map beside the golden door!” the ‘golden door” is the door of opportunity for those arriving in the United States. More than a century after it arrived, the Statue of Liberty still lights the way to freedom.

American National Symbols Level 1 CA 47 Orange Unified - Project G.L.A.D. (06/09) Expert Group: Liberty Bell

The Liberty Bell, located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, is an American bell of great historic significance. The Liberty Bell is perhaps one of the most prominent symbols associated with the American Revolution and the American Revolutionary War. It is one of the most familiar symbols of independence, abolition of slavery, nationhood and freedom within the United States, and has been used as an international icon of liberty.

Its most famous ringing, on July 8, 1776, summoned citizens of Philadelphia for the reading of the Declaration of Independence. Previously, it had been rung to announce the opening of the First Continental Congress in 1774 and after the Battle of Lexington and Concord in 1775.

The Liberty Bell was known as the "Old State House bell" until 1837, when it was adopted by the American Anti-Slavery Society as a symbol of the abolitionist movement.

American National Symbols Level 1 CA 48 Orange Unified - Project G.L.A.D. (06/09) Expert Group: National Seal

The American bald eagle is the most prominent feature of the Seal of the United States. Across the breast of the eagle is a shield with 13 alternating red and white stripes (the pales) representing the 13 original States. Note that the stripes alternate in opposite fashion from the stripes on our flag. Across the top of the shield is a blue field (chief) that unites all the stripes into one. The blue chief represents the United States Congress. In his talons the eagle grasps an olive branch representing peace, and 13 arrows representing war. These demonstrate our desire for peace but our willingness to defend with might, the Nation the Seal represents.

Above the eagle are thirteen stars inside a circular design, representing a "New Constellation", the same constellation referred to in the blue union of the of the United States Flag. In his beak the eagle grasps a flowing ribbon bearing the first MOTTO of the United States:

E Pluribus Unum

These Latin words are translated "Out of many, One", reminding us that out of many States was born One new Nation.

American National Symbols Level 1 CA 49 Orange Unified - Project G.L.A.D. (06/09) Mind Map

American National Symbols Level 1 CA 50 Orange Unified - Project G.L.A.D. (06/09) Process Grid

Symbol Description Year Author/Artist Significance Interesting Proclaimed Fact

American National Symbols Level 1 CA 51 Orange Unified - Project G.L.A.D. (06/09) Process Grid - Teacher

Symbol Description Year Author/Artist Significance Interesting Fact Proclaimed Flag - red & white 1776 - Francis - Patriotic - Flag has stripes Hopkins symbol changed - 50 white - Betsy Ross - Stands for - Originally 13 stars on blue freedom states field - 50 stars

Seal - Circle with 1782 - 13 colonies - olive branch Eagle - strength means peace - 13 Stars - war - E - Flag Pluribusanum - 13 Arrows means from - shield many one Eagle - White hood June 1782 - Only lives in - Strength - lives in tall with baron USA - Courage trees on high cape - Freedom cliff - 2 large wings

Statue of - Lady with 1885 Frederic – - Freedom - made in Liberty green gown Auguste - Opportunity France - Crown on Barthold - Ellis Island in head (France) NY Harbor - Torch in hand

Liberty - Metal 1751 Whitechapel - Freedom - Located in Bell - Crack Foundry in - Call Philadelphia, - Large England meetings PA

American National Symbols Level 1 CA 52 Orange Unified - Project G.L.A.D. (06/09) Found Poetry: America the Beautiful By: Katherine Lee Bates

O beautiful for spacious skies, For amber waves of grain, For purple mountains majesties Above the fruited plain.

America! America! God shed his grace on thee, And crown thy good with brotherhood From sea to shining sea.

O beautiful for pilgrim feet Whose stern impassioned stress A thoroughfare for freedom beat Across the wilderness!

America! America! God Mend thine ev’ry flaw, Confirm the soul in self control, Thy liberty in law!

O beautiful for heroes proved In liberating strife. Who more then self their country loved And mercy more than life!

America! America! May God thy gold refine Till all success be nobleness And every gain divine!

O beautiful for patriot dream That sees beyond the years Thine alabaster cities gleam, Undimmed by human tears!

America! America! God shed his grace on thee And crown thy good with brotherhood From sea to shining sea!

American National Symbols Level 1 CA 53 Orange Unified - Project G.L.A.D. (06/09)