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Pilgrim, Susana L. 2018.Pdf Universidad Nacional de Rio Negro Escuela de Humanidades y Estudios Sociales Licenciatura en Ciencias Antropologicas con Orientacion Sociocultural Tesina de Licenciatura en Antropologia Patagonia, tierra bendita de Alá Procesos de conversión y subjetivación en torno a la resignificación del pensamiento naqshbandi en Patagonia Alumna: Susana Laura Pilgrim N° de Legajo: UNRN-13670 Directora: Dra. Claudia Briones San Carlos de Bariloche, 26 de marzo de 2018 En memoria del Prof. Nicola Cuomo, mi maestro. Agradecimientos Esta tesina es fruto de la interaccion de muchas personas y situaciones que se fueron dando en determinadas circunstancias, algunas más y otras menos buscadas. De alli que agradezco ante todo, que en Argentina exista un sistema de Educacion Pública Universal y Gratuita que me haya permitido -a una edad, para muchos otros sistemas ya poco redituable- ejercer el derecho a una formacion de alta calidad, brindándome la oportunidad y los medios para hacerlo con libertad. Gracias a todas y todos aquellos que desde la Academia, han sabido contribuir a hacer de mi, la que hoy pudiera escribir esta tesina. Agradezco a las profesoras y profesores de la Carrera de Antropologia de la Universidad de Rio Negro, que muchas veces, en condiciones no ideales, logran con esfuerzo y sincera vocacion docente crear ambientes de excelencia para el estudio y el desarrollo formativo de los alumnos. A mis compañeros de carrera, cuyas vivencias y perspectivas enriquecieron mi experiencia. En especial a mi directora, la Dra. Claudia Briones por su rigurosa y, a la vez, afectuosa guia en la produccion de los conocimientos aqui presentados. Fue gracias a su pastoral manera de acompañarme en este proceso, con su aliento y su comprension, sus estimulos criticos y su solidez intelectual que pude aprehender el modo, no solo de transitar espacios etnográficos, sino también de observar, reconocer, cuestionar, deconstruir y reconstruir mi propia logica y modos de ser y de estar desde una perspectiva otra. Un profundo agradecimiento a las personas que con infinita paciencia y sincera apertura se prestaron para el desarrollo de esta investigacion. Personas que me abrieron su corazon y las puertas de sus mundos, para contarme sus vidas, sus pensamientos, sus sensaciones y sus afectos, sus conflictos y sus sueños. En particular a Fátima, Samira, Leila, y Zulema que me acogieron en su lugar de encuentro en Patagonia y me acompañaron en un viaje al interior del sufismo naqshbandi como a una hermana más de su comunidad. Agradezco también a Zaira, Fedra, Salma y Sira que desde Berlin, contexto más cercano a mi realidad personal, comprendieron la importancia de generar conocimiento acerca del mundo que ellas habitan y no solo me brindaron interesantes y enriquecedoras charlas, sino que me alentaron a seguir mis intuiciones y mi trabajo intelectual, seguras de que contaba con la más alta de las bendiciones. Este estudio es el resultado de un proceso que no hubiera sido posible, ni siquiera pensable, sin el incondicional acompañamiento de mi padre, mi madre y mis hermanas, quienes amorosamente y con sinceros deseos de verme alcanzar esta instancia final, me sostuvieron emocional y economicamente en cada paso de esta formacion. De mi madre aprendi que no hay edad para estudiar y embarcarse en aquello que nos mueve profundamente. Mi padre, que ya no está pero cuya presencia orgullosa siento hoy a mi lado, abrazo este proyecto con sincero interés, protegiéndome con afecto y transmitiéndome, como siempre hizo, confianza y cariño. A ambos mi más sincero agradecimiento por haberme enseñado con su manera de ser y de estar, el valor que yace en el respeto y el reconocimiento del otro. Índice Introduccion....................................................................................................................................................8 CAPÍTULO I: Punto de partida y proceder metodológico 1. Acercamiento al tema y referencias teoricas................................................................................................11 3. ¿Porque observar el sufismo desde la antropologia?...................................................................................15 4. Proceder metodologico................................................................................................................................18 CAPÍTULO II: Nociones generales sobre el Islam y el sufismo 1. El legado del profeta Mohammed................................................................................................................22 2. El sufismo....................................................................................................................................................26 3. Filosofia y misticismo islámico...................................................................................................................28 4. El Islam, "alterego" de Occidente................................................................................................................30 5. Algunas referencias de la orden Naqshbandi...............................................................................................32 6. Naqshbandis en Turquia y sus vinculos con el mundo moderno y postmoderno........................................34 CAPÍTULO III: El devenir sufí 1. ¿Quiénes son y donde están, los sufies naqshbandi en Patagonia?..............................................................38 Mi primera visita a la Derga en Patagonia.......................................................................................................38 3. Paneo general de los actores........................................................................................................................42 3. La "Conversion", un problema de traduccion y de modelos........................................................................45 3. El devenir sufi. ¿Quién es quién y de donde viene?....................................................................................46 4. Modos semejantes de sentir y de devenir....................................................................................................54 CAPÍTULO IV: La figura del Sheik 1. Un maestro, algunos Sheiks.........................................................................................................................58 1. Jerarquia y sumision. Conflictos en torno a la representabilidad................................................................62 3. Mi experiencia con el sheik.........................................................................................................................64 4. Trabajar sobre el Ego...................................................................................................................................66 CAPÍTULO V: El camino del sufí en tierras del sur 1. La Sunna y la sunna.....................................................................................................................................69 2 La tradicion imitada......................................................................................................................................72 3 ¿Te casarias con alguien que no es musulmán?............................................................................................74 4. La comensalidad sufi...................................................................................................................................78 5. La comensalidad como hecho social............................................................................................................81 6. La alimentacion como hecho religioso........................................................................................................84 7. El “ropaje” del sufi.......................................................................................................................................87 CAPÍTULO VI: La Derga, centro de la producción cultural de la Orden naqshbandi 1. La derga más austral del mundo..................................................................................................................91 2. La derga como modelo de economia afectiva y material.............................................................................94 3. Reciprocidades de afectos y bienes..............................................................................................................95 4. El largo camino de las ideas y las tradiciones sufies...................................................................................98 2. Resignificacion local de la ideologia naqshbandi al-Haqqani.....................................................................99 3. Agosto de 2017, un mes particularmente alborotado...................................................................................104 Conclusiones....................................................................................................................................................109 Glosario............................................................................................................................................................116 Bibliografia......................................................................................................................................................118 “Yo a veces me sorprendo de estar acá, es un lugar mágico, un recorte del mundo, viste? Aprendiendo cosas que no te das una idea qué... A mí me impacta, porque a veces no tenemos idea de la capacidad que tenemos, ni la cantidad de mundos
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