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Subjetividade E Pornô Online: Uma Análise Institucional Do Discurso

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Subjetividade E Pornô Online: Uma Análise Institucional Do Discurso UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO INSTITUTO DE PSICOLOGIA THIAGO EMANUEL LUZZI GALVÃO Subjetividade e pornô online: uma análise institucional do discurso Versão Corrigida São Paulo 2017 UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO INSTITUTO DE PSICOLOGIA THIAGO EMANUEL LUZZI GALVÃO Subjetividade e pornô online: uma análise institucional do discurso Versão Corrigida Dissertação apresentada ao Instituto de Psicologia da Universidade de São Paulo para a obtenção do título de Mestre em Psicologia Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia Escolar e do Desenvolvimento Humano. Área de Concentração: Instituições Educacionais e Formação do Indivíduo Orientadora: Prof.ª Livre Docente Marlene Guirado São Paulo 2017 1 AUTORIZO A REPRODUÇÃO E DIVULGAÇÃO TOTAL OU PARCIAL DESTE TRABALHO, POR QUALQUER MEIO CONVENCIONAL OU ELETRÔNICO, PARA FINS DE ESTUDO E PESQUISA, DESDE QUE CITADA A FONTE. 2 FOLHA DE AVALIAÇÃO LUZZI, T. E. Subjetividade e pornô online: uma análise institucional do discurso. 2017. 270 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Psicologia) – Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2017. Aprovado em:_______________________ Banca Examinadora: Profª Livre Docente Marlene Guirado (Orientadora) Instituição: Instituto de Psicologia – Universidade de São Paulo (IP/USP) Julgamento: ________________________________________________ Prof. Livre Docente Paulo Albertini Instituição: Instituto de Psicologia – Universidade de São Paulo (IP/USP) Julgamento: ________________________________________________ Prof. Doutor Marco Aurélio de Lima Instituição: Escola Superior de Administração e Gestão da Faculdade Getúlio Vargas (ESAGS/FGV) Julgamento: ________________________________________________ Prof. Doutor Renee Volpato Viaro Instituição: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUC/PR) Julgamento: _______________________________________________ 3 AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço ao Instituto de Psicologia da Universidade de São Paulo (Ipusp) e à Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes) pela viabilização deste trabalho por meio da bolsa de estudos que recebi durante a maior parte do mestrado. Agradeço também à professora Marlene Guirado, que orientou com coragem, dedicação e excelente humor esta pesquisa, bem como a todos os colegas de orientação e aos professores Marco Aurélio de Lima e Paulo Albertini, que participaram de minha banca de qualificação e apresentaram apontamentos importantíssimos para o bom desenvolvimento e finalização da dissertação. 4 RESUMO LUZZI, T. E. Subjetividade e pornô online: uma análise institucional do discurso. 2017. 270 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Psicologia) – Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2017. O presente trabalho tem como objeto/corpus analisado a pornografia online, e tem como objetivo responder às questões: "como é o gênero discursivo do pornô online?" e "onde se pode reconhecer a produção de subjetividade no dispositivo pornô online?". As perguntas foram formuladas a partir do repertório conceitual minimalista da Análise Institucional do Discurso (AID), criada por Marlene Guirado; a AID é o método, a estratégia de pensamento que orienta o trabalho e o instrui acerca dos conceitos de discurso, gênero discursivo, instituição e subjetividade. Para realizar a pesquisa, procedemos em três etapas: (1) análise de sites; (2) análise de vídeos; e (3) análise de comentários de usuários. Cada etapa corresponde a um tipo de recorte para o material. No primeiro caso, decidimos seguir a estrutura de XVideos.com, cotejando-a pontualmente com as de oito outros sítios; no segundo, escolhemos um vídeo heterossexual "profissional" chamado Sex Instruction, podendo confrontá-lo com materiais de categorias diferentes (gay, amador etc.); na terceira etapa, observamos os comentários escritos anonimamente para os vídeos antes analisados, e para alguns outros. Como resultados, quanto ao gênero discursivo, vimos que o site define seu usuário como alguém que sabe aquilo por que se interessa, e procura ativa e responsavelmente o "sexo explícito"; essa posição de autonomia não se sustenta no interior do vídeo, onde prevalece o interesse da câmera e a imagem de um corpo muito peculiar, ali composto. Já quanto à questão do sujeito, pudemos ver que o site desenha um usuário que é assediado pelas imagens pornográficas, interpelado até mesmo como corpo sexual que pode ser comparado com aqueles do pornô; o sujeito é produzido como alguém que pode participar do pornô e de um apagamento que ele opera nas "pessoas", que acabam dissolvendo-se na atmosfera de êxtase incessante, na figura corporal pornográfica e até na linguagem utilizada no site. Conclui-se daí que o pornô online, embora prometa uma subserviência eficiente aos desejos de seu usuário, é uma instituição que absorve os consumidores em seu funcionamento, estabelecendo lugares discursivos, moldando subjetividades e instituindo concepções propriamente pornôs de corpo, de sexo e de comunidade. Palavras-chave: Análise Institucional do Discurso; pornografia; internet; subjetividade. 5 ABSTRACT LUZZI, T. E. Subjectivity and internet porn: an institutional analysis of discourse. 2017. 270 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Psicologia) – Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2017. The present work has as analyzed subject/corpus the internet pornography, and aims to answer the following questions: "how is the discursive genre of internet porn?" And "where can we recognize the production of subjectivity in the internet porn apparatus (dispositif)?". The questions were formulated from the minimalist conceptual repertoire of the Institutional Analysis of Discourse (AID in Portuguese), created by Marlene Guirado. AID is the method, the strategy of thought that guides our work and instructs it in the concepts of discourse, discursive genre, institution and subjectivity. To carry out the research, we proceeded in three steps: (1) website analysis; (2) video analysis; and (3) users’ comments analysis. Each step corresponds to a type of cut for the material. In the first case, we decided to follow the structure of XVideos.com, and opportunely confronted it with that of eight other websites; in the second, we chose a "professional" heterosexual video called Sex Instruction, which could be compared to materials of different categories (gay, amateur, etc); and in the third step, we observed the comments written anonymously for the videos previously analyzed, as well as for some others. As a result, regarding the discursive genre, we perceived that the website defines its user as someone who knows what he is interested in, and actively and in a responsible way searches for "explicit sex"; this position of autonomy is not sustained within the video, for it is privileged the interest of the camera and the image of a very peculiar body which is composed there. As for the issue of the subjectivity, we could see that the website delineates a user who is constantly harassed by pornographic images, even called as a sexual body that can be compared to those of the porn. The subject is produced as someone who can take part in the porn and in a type of effacement that it operates on the "individuals", who end up being dissolved in the atmosphere of ceaseless ecstasy, in the pornographic body figure and even in the language used on the website. It follows that the internet porn, while promising efficient subservience to the desires of its users, is an institution that engages consumers in its functioning, by establishing discursive places, shaping subjectivities, and setting up properly pornographic conceptions of body, sex, and community . Keywords: Institutional Analysis of Discourse; pornography; internet; subjectivity. 6 ÍNDICE DE QUADROS E TABELAS Quadro 1 — As três zonas da relação entre pornografia e o proibido ...................................... 49 Quadro 2 — As três zonas e a internet ..................................................................................... 51 Quadro 3 — Arquitetura de XVideos. ....................................................................................... 81 Quadro 4 — Miniatura de vídeo em XVideos.com ................................................................... 88 Quadro 5 — Esquema da página onde se assiste ao vídeo. ...................................................... 90 Quadro 6 — Os nomes dos sites pornôs ................................................................................... 93 Quadro 7 — Propaganda: "My husband is dead" ................................................................... 108 Quadro 8 — Títulos, Categorias e Tags para a análise de Sex Instruction............................. 120 Quadro 9 — Título e Tags do vídeo de tipo gay para análise. ............................................... 135 Quadro 10 — Título e Tags do vídeo de tipo amateur para análise ....................................... 139 Quadro 11 — Título e Tags do vídeo de tipo female friendly para análise ............................ 142 Quadro 12 — Algumas bipartições no que o pornô mostra e no que diz ............................... 156 Quadro 13 — Informações numéricas de três vídeos cujos comentários analisaremos ......... 161 Quadro 14 — Informações numéricas de quatro versões de Sex Instruction ......................... 180 Quadro 15 — Informações numéricas dos vídeos gay, amateur e for her ............................. 182 Quadro 16 — Comparação entre o conceito de dispositivo (Foucault) e nossos achados ..... 199 Quadro 17 — Descrição completa do vídeo Sex Instruction (VÍDEO 008) .........................
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