Study Guide for Bovine Medicine

STUDY GUIDE FOR BOVINE MEDICINE

1. The population of ______cattle in the world outnumbers both Bos Taurus and Bos indicus types.

2. Breeds of dairy cattle known for both the high solids and protein content of their milk include the ______and the ______.

3. The most common breed of dairy cattle worldwide is the ______.

4. The three major English breeds of beef cattle in the United States are the ______, ______, and ______.

5. Brahman cattle were introduced to the United States because of two characteristics: ______, and______.

6. Two breeds of beef cattle developed in America are the ______, and the ______.

7. The breed of beef cattle selected for the myostatin gene is the ______.

8. “Heartbrand beef” contains lower levels of ______and higher levels of ______when compared with other beef.

9. The King Ranch in Texas was responsible for the development of the ______cattle, while the Lasater Ranch was responsible for developing ______cattle.

10. The only breed of dairy cattle to increase in number over the past several years in the United States in the ______.

11. A castrated male bovine can be referred to as either a ______or ______depending upon its age.

12. Bovine veterinary practice in the United States can be divided into three types: ______, ______, or ______.

13. Two dermatologic problems of cattle which are more common during the winter months are ______and ______.

14. One therapy that is effective against both lice and mange in cattle is ______.

15. A dermatologic condition of cattle related to parasitic fly infestation which results in damage to hides is known as ______.

16. ______infestation has been eradicated from the United States.

17. The most common skin neoplasm in cattle is ______.

1 18. An hereditary type of ______occasionally seen in Holstein or Limousine cattle is known as ______.

19. Milk allergy in cattle is manifested as ______.

20. ______is a cause of ventral midline dermatitis in cattle. The ______fly may be a vector of transmission.

21. A type of pyoderma which affects the area between the udder and the leg of a dairy cow or the cleavage area between the halves of the udder is known as ______.

22. Two plants which may cause primary photosensitivity in cattle are ______and ______.

23. ______is a topical therapy for ringworm in calves.

24. Fescue grass can be infected with two types of fungus; the ______fungus ______which causes a condition known as “summer slump”, and the ______fungus ______which produces ______, a chemical responsible for gangrene.

25. ______produces ______which is responsible for causing photosensitivity often referred to as ______.

26. Typically, joint infection in cattle leads to the development of a ______type of lameness.

27. ______is a general all-inclusive term often used to describe any bovine foot lameness.

28. Heel wart of cattle appears to be an infectious condition, while ______(or corn) is not.

29. ______is characterized by the development of an ulcerative interdigital lesion associated with ______infection, which responds usually to therapy with either ______or ______.

30. ______in cattle is often a sequel to a severe systemic disease or feed change, such as ______.

31. The typical sole ulcer lesion in cattle is referred to as a ______.

32. Lameness in cattle is most often associated with disease of the ______.

33. Factors influencing the development of lameness in cattle include ______, ______, and ______.

34. Control and prevention of clostridial disease in cattle usually depends upon ______with ______.

2 35. A breed of dairy cattle with a hard black foot is the ______.

36. ______% of cattle lameness involves the digits, and ______% of digital lameness involves the ______limbs.

37. White muscle disease of calves often responds to therapy with ______and ______.

38. Deficiency of ______or excess of ______may cause brittle bones leading to pathological fractures, especially of the ______bone.

39. An infectious cause of arthrogryposis in cattle is ______virus. A toxic cause is ingestion of ______.

40. A simple and useful technique for aiding in the treatment of a digital hoof problem in cattle is to ______a normal digit to ______on an affected one.

41. When handling cattle with respiratory disease one must not cause excessive ______, or the respiratory system may become severely compromised to the point of asphyxiation.

42. Infection of the calf's upper respiratory tract with Fusobacterium may result in ______. Therapy involves the use of an antibacterial such as______.

43. ______sinusitis is common in cattle as a sequel to ______; maxillary sinusitis is associated with ______or infectious problems.

44. Interstitial pneumonia of cattle is often referred to as ______or ______.

45. Pleuritis in cattle is a sequel to pneumonia or thoracic infections. The main clinical sign of this is ______shown by ______.

46. Differential diagnosis for pharyngeal swelling in a calf would include ______, ______, and ______.

47. Stress factors involved in the pathogenesis of shipping fever in cattle include ______, ______, ______, and ______.

48. In a herd outbreak of bovine respiratory syncytial virus antibiotics should be given because of a high incidence of ______.

49. Both ______and ______are part of the normal respiratory microflora in cattle, even though they are both capable of causing disease.

3 50. The tuberculosis test in cattle is also known as the ______test.

51. Eradication of ______in cattle in the United States and Canada has relied upon a policy of ______and ______.

52. Parasitic bronchitis in cattle is associated with ______infection. ______in the peripheral blood may aid in diagnosis.

53. Four common respiratory viral diseases of cattle are: ______, ______, ______, and ______.

54. ______ventilation in barns is a major factor in the development of respiratory disease in cattle raised and housed inside.

55. Techniques used for identification of respiratory pathogens of cattle include ______, ______, and ______.

56. Herpes virus in cattle causes ______.

57. Serological testing of viral respiratory pathogens usually involves evaluation of ______to demonstrate a ______.

58. ______and ______are clinical signs associated with caudal venal caval thrombosis, sometimes a sequel to septic disease or rumenitis.

59. ______stimulate fetal surfactant production by the fetal or newborn lung. However, exogenous administration of these drugs may suppress the ______, or affect the ______of colostral antibody from the intestine.

60. ______was a disease of cattle that was a major factor in the development of regulations requiring the pasteurization of milk. Today, the disease which determines the standard temperature for pasteurization of milk is ______.

61. False positives to tuberculosis testing in cattle may be shown by animals exposed to other ______antigens, such as ______or ______.

62. The ______test is used to differentiate between a case of tuberculosis in a cow or exposure to some other antigen.

63. ______, a relatively new antimicrobial drug used for the therapy of bovine respiratoiry disease, interferes with bacterial protein synthesis by binding ribosomes and inhibiting peptidyl transferase activity.

4 64. With respect to the therapy of bovine respiratory disease, combination antimicrobial therapy ______been shown to be superior to single drug therapy through clinical trials.

65. The majority of BVDV infections are ______or ______when they attack the cow or calf.

66. When a bovine fetus becomes infected in utero before it develops immunocompetency and is not aborted, it may be born normally as a ______infected animal. Such animals may reach adulthood and reproduce ______infected calves.

67. For mucosal disease to occur an animal must be 1) ______, and then 2) be exposed to a ______strain of BVDV.

68. Premuition is ______.

69. ______is an asymptomatic arrhythmia of cattle associated with electrolyte disturbances or gastrointestinal disease.

70. The most common multicentric neoplasm of cattle is ______.

71. Under natural conditions bovine lymphosarcoma can be transmitted horizontally by contact with infected ______.

72. Bovine lymphosarcoma virus infection may result in ______, ______, or ______.

73. Three common sites of lymphosarcoma other than peripheral lymph nodes are the ______, ______, and ______.

74. Under natural conditions bovine lymphosarcoma can be transmitted vertically in ______or through ingestion of ______. The former occurs at a rate of about 10-20%.

75. Unlike oncogenic viruses bovine lymphosarcoma virus does not carry its own ______gene. Instead, bovine lymphosarcoma virus interacts with cellular genes to produce neoplasia.

76. A control measure to aid in the prevention of bovine lymphosarcoma virus infection in calves involves ______from the dam at birth and feeding ______or ______from uninfected cows.

77. The P24 antigen test for ______determines the presence of ______in an animal.

78. A highly sensitive and rapid test for bovine lymphosarcoma is an ______test.