Ground-Water Resources of Mitchell and Western Nolan Counties, Texas
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TEXAS WATE R OEVE lO PMEN T BOA R0 REP 0 RT 50 GROUND-WATER RESOURCES OF MITCHELL AND WEs-rERN NOLAN COUNTIES, TEXAS I JUNE 1967 -l--l----l------~----- ...:-L+-+--, . -·1---+-+--------------- TEXAS Hi\TER DEVELOPMENT BOARD REPORT 50 GROUND-WATER RESOURCES OF MITCHELL AND WESTERN NOLAN COUNTIES, TEXAS By Victor M. Shamburger, Jr. Prepared by the Texas Water Development Board in cooperation with Mitchell and Nolan Counties June 1967 TEXAS WATER DEVELOPMENT BOARD Mills Cox, Chairman Marvin Shurbet, Vice Chairman Robert B. Gilmore Groner A. Pitts Milton T. Potts W. E. Tinsley Joe G. Moore, Jr., Executive Director Authorization for use or reproduction of any material contained in this publication, i.e., not obtained from other sources, is freely granted without the necessity of securing permission therefor. The Board would appreciate acknowledge ment of the source of original material so utilized. Published and distributed by the Texas Water Development Board Post Office Box 12386 Austin, Texas 78711 ii FOREWORD On September 1, 1965 the Texas Water Commission (formerly, before February 1962, the State Board of Water Engineers) experienced a far-reaching realign ment of functions and personnel, directed toward the increased emphasis needed for planning and developing Texas' water resources and for administering water rights. Realigned and concentrated in the Texas Water Development Board were the investigative, planning, development, research, financing, and supporting func tions, including the reports review and publication functions. The name Texas Water Commission was changed to Texas Water Rights Commission, and responsibil ity for functions relating to water-rights administration was vested the~ein. For the reader's convenience, references in this report have been altered, where necessary, to reflect the current (post September 1, 1965) assignment of responsibility for the function mentioned. In other words credit for a func tion performed by the Texas Water Commission before the September 1, 1965 realignment generally will be given in this report either to the Water Develop ment Board or to the Water Rights Commission, depending on which agency now has responsibility for that function. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABS T'RA.CT • .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 IN1'RODUCTION................................................................................................. 3 Purpose and Scope . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 Location and Extent................................................................................................. 4 Methods of Investigation. ...................................................................................... 4 Previous Investigations. ........................................................................................ 6 Well-Numbering System. ............................................................................................ 6 Acknowledgements •• .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 8 GE {)(jRAPHY .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 8 Physical Features.................................................................. 8 Climate............................................................. 9 Population and Economy. ••••••.••••••••••••••••.•••••••••.•••••••••.• 12 GEOL()(;Y. ••••••••••••••••.••••.•.•.•..•.••.•.•••.••.•••..••••...•......... 12 Genera 1 Geology..................................................... 12 Geologic Units and Their Water-Bearing Properties................... 17 Permian System................................................. 17 Guadalupe and Ochoa Series................................ 17 Trias sic SYstem. •.••••••••..••••••••.••.•••...•••.•......••.... 18 Dockum Group.............................................. 18 Santa Rosa Formation................................. 23 Chinle Formation..................................... 2/+ Cretaceous System.............................................. 2/+ Trinity Group............................................. 24 v TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont'd.) Page Frederi cksburg Gr oup ....•.•....••..••..•..•...•••..•...•.. 30 Tertiary System...................................................... 30 Ogallala Formation........................................ 30 Quaternary System................................................. 31 Alluvit.n11.................................................................................................. 31 GROUND Wp...TER........................................................................................................................ 31 General Principles of Occurrence.................................... 31 Recharge, Discharge, and Movement.............................. 33 Water Levels in Wells................................ 34 Chemi ca 1 Qua Ii ty. •••••.•..•.•••••.•.•••••.••••..•..••.••••.•.•.••..• 34 Chemical Quality Criteria..... 34 Treatment of Water.......................................................................................... 36 Principal Aquifer................................................... 36 Santa Rosa Formation........................................... 37 Occurrence East of Colorado River......................... 37 Recharge, Movement, and Discharge.................... 37 Water-Bearing Characteristics........................ 38 Well Construction and Perfonnance.................... 43 Behavior of Irrigation Wells......................... 44 Water Levels in Wells................................ 46 Changes in Wa ter Leve Is. •••..•.••......•.•...•......• 47 Oldest Available Comparisons of Water Levels.... 49 Water Levels in Observation Wells, 1952-63...... 49 Changes in Water Levels, 1960-63................ 52 Changes in Water Levels, 1960-62.... 59 Changes in Water Levels, 1962-63.. 60 vi TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont I d.) Chemical Quality..................................... (10 Utilization and Present Development.................. 65 Future Availability in Relation to Effects of Present Deve 1opment ..•..•••• " .••..•.•. '. ..•......... 66 Recharge •.•.••.•...••.•.. " .•..•.••.•...•........ (,6 Storage .•.•.•••••••.••••• II...................... (18 Recommendations for Future Development... 68 Occurrence Wes t of Colorado River. • ..• • •••• .•..•.. •• .•..... 69 Lithology and Structure.............................. 69 Hydrology. ...•••.•••••••••.••••••.•••.••••.••.•...... 70 Chemica I Qua Iity•••••'. ••.•..•••.••. •• .•.. •• •.•.•••... 70 Present Development and Availability................. 71 Trinity Group.................................................. /'1 Recharge, Movement, and Discharge......................... 12 Water-Bearing Characteristics............................. 72 Wa ter Leve Is. ••••••••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••• 73 Chemica I Qua Ii ty. •.••..•.•••..••••....••.••••.•..•.•...•.• 73 Uti lization and Present Dpve lopmen t.. .•• .. .... •• .. .. .. .. .. 73 Ground Water Available for Development.................... 73 Minor Aquifers........... 74 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS........................ ••••....•..•.........•.... /'5 SELECTED REFERENCES................................................... ... /9 TABLES 1. Geologic units and their water-bearing characteristics in Mitchell and western Nolan Counties................................ ]~ 2. Summary of results of pumping tests of wells in the Santa ROS<l Formation, Mitchell County.• ,...................................... 43 vi i TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont'd.) Page 3. Approximate specific capacities of selected wells.............. ...•. 45 4. Historical water-level measurements compared to recent measurements................................. .....•. •• .•••. 51 5. Records of selected water wells, springs, and test wells............ 81 6. Drillers' logs of selected water wells and oil tests .•..••.•..••.•.. 133 7. Water levels in selected wells in the irrigation area, winters of 1960-64................................................ 150 8. Chemical analyses of water from selected wells and springs .•.••.••.• 163 9. Oil wells and stratigraphic tests selected as data-control points ... 170 FIGURES 1. Map of Texas Showing Location of Mitchell and Western Nolan Counties " I•••••••••••••••• 5 2. Diagram Showing Well-Numbering System•.••.•...••••• "................ 7 3. Annual Precipitation and Cumulative Departure from the Average Annual Precipitation at Colorado City and Roscoe, 1939-63......... 10 4. Mean Monthly Precipitation at Colorado City and Roscoe, 1939-63..... 11 5. Geologic and Topographic Map of Mi tchell and Western Nolan Counties. 13 6. Diagram Showing General Geologic Structure and Formation Relationships in Mitchell and Western Nolan Counties.. •.• •••••...• 16 7. Map Showing Approximate Altitude of Top of Permian llfarker Bed....... 19 8. Map Showing Approxima te Al ti tude of Top of Permian Rocks........ ..•. 21 9. Geologic Section A-At .••. ••.. ..•... ..• •••• .•.•..•....•.... •.......•. 25 10. Geologic Section B-B'............................................... 27 11. Geologic Section C-C'..............................................