DOCSLIB.ORG

Course Catalog, 1914-1915

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Course Catalog, 1914-1915 199 E lectives— E lectives— B iology ............................. 3 B iology .............................. 3 P h y sics ............................. 3 P h y sic s .............................. 3 Geology, Physiography 3 Geology, Physiography 3 C h em istry ....................... 3 C h em istry ......................... 3 E nglish or German 3 English or German 3 Mathematics ................... 3 M ath em atics ................... 3 SENIOR YEAR First Semester. No. of Cred- No. of Cred- C ourse its C ourse its Forest Management F 26 3 Forest Management .........F 25 3 Forest Administration....F 18 3 F orest Administration. ...F17 3 Improvement Construc­ Improvement Construc­ tio n ................ .......F 47b 2 tio n F 48b 2 S ilviculture F 23 3 Silviculture ..........................F 24 Botany, Forest Pathology B 25 3 B otany, Forest Ecology B 23 Forest Appraisals F 55 2 Forest Appraisals ...... F 56 E lectiv es— E lectiv es- Silvics, Review .............. 3 Silvics, Review ............ 3 F orest Geography 3 Systematic Botany, P h y sic s ............................. 3 R eview ......................... 3 F orest Policy ............... 3 P h y sic s 3 Wood Technology .......... 3 F orest Policy ................. 3 L ogging Engineering....F 35 3 Wood Technology .......... 3 Second Semester. Logging Engineering....F 36 3 N ote. ♦Credits: One hundred and fifty credits required for graduation and degree of Bachelor of Science in Forestry. One credit repre­ sents from eighteen to twenty-four hours of class work, or from thirty-six to fifty-four hours of laboratory, shop or field work. Forest Engineering. It is the purpose of the courses leading to the degree of For­ est Engineer, to prepare students for work in practical woods operations, and especially in. Logging and Forest Engineering, both for service in the lumbering industry, and in the administra­ tion of public and private forests. The school will aim to develop in its students ability in the planning and carrying on of log­ ging and lumbering operations' with especial attention to cost factors, and efficiencies of methods, and a comprehensive under­ standing of the uses of woods and forest products, and particu­ larly of lumber, its manufacture, grading and marketing. Familiarity with woods operations will be given by practical work in the logging camps', sawmills, and private, state and na­ tional forests in the region surrounding the University. Students will be trained in the art of surveying and map­ ping forest areas for the laying out of logging operations. They will be given practice in the building of trails, highways and railroads, the construction of bridges' and culverts, the planning 200 and building of logging camps and sawmills, and in other prob­ lems dealing with the economical transportation of forest pro­ ducts from the stump to the sales yard. They will be trained in a working knowledge of motive powers, donkey engines', steam and electric skidders, aerial tramways, overhead skidders, load­ ers and jammers, and other equipment used in power logging; and to proficiency in the location, design and construction of im­ provements for the use and administration of the forest. Students in this course will give special attention to Mathe­ matics and Mechanics to lay that broad foundation necessary to a basic training in Engineering Sciences, and to undertake with understanding, work in the construction branches of Forest and Logging Engineering; planning, designing and cost estimating. Since Congress has provided for the expenditure of certain percentages of the money received from timber sales for im­ provements on the forests, such as the building of highways and bridges, there has been a demand for men especially trained in this work. For those who are planning on entering this branch, special instruction will be given in the location and building of modern highways and the latest types of bridges, the study of the strength of materials, drainage, specifications and estimates, bridge analysis, masonry and concrete. EQUIPMENT This department has an equipment of compasses, both Forest Service standard and Geologists, locating and mountain transits, solar attachments', plane tables, traverse boards, levels—wye, dumpy, hand and Abney; tapes, chains, rods and all other ap­ pliances used in surveying. The instruction in scaling and logging is given principally in the open, on the log deck, where the University has collected specimens of logs cut from all the native timbers. These logs have been so selected as to be typical samples of both sound and defective timber, being cut longitudinally and hinged so that they may be opened and examined both for interior defects and to check scale. The mapping and drafting courses are conducted in a large, well lighted room that occupies the entire second floor of the Forestry building. The room is equipped with individual draw­ ing tables, drawing boards, protractors and other drawing appli­ ances'. The wall space has been prepared for exhibition pur­ 201 poses, and collections of drawings are constantly displayed, as well as models of bridges and highways. For practice in Shop work, the University has set aside four large, well lighted rooms on the ground floor of Science TTn.ll The power is supplied from the power station in the basement. The wood shop contains a number of lathes, benches, and power machinery necessary for wood working. The machine and forge rooms contain the latest models of lathes, drill press, shaper, forges, etc., together with benches for exercises in filing and chipping. Adjoining the forge shop is the foundry, which is also to be used as the testing laboratory. This laboratory is pro­ vided with a rattler and other devices for testing paving materi­ als; there is also a cement testing machine together with the molds, samples of cement, and concrete and varieties of sand. It is expected that in the near future a timber testing machine will be installed, having a capacity of 600,000 pounds, arranged to take large and bulky pieces in tension, compression, and flexure. Courses in Forest Engineering. FRESHMAN YEAR First Semester. Second Semester. No. of Cred- No. o f C ourse its C ourse General Forestry .... F 11 2 General Forestry ...... F 12 G eology ......................... ,F 51 3 G eology ........................ S u rv ey in g ..................... F 41a 2 S u rv e y in g .................. D raw in g .......................... F 4 lb 2 D ra w in g ...................... T rigonometry .................. .F 71 3 College Algebra .......- F 72 E n g lish ............................. 3 E n g lish ......... B otany, General ......... B 13 3 Botany, General B 14 Shop Work, Wood F 41c 1 Shop Work, Wood .........F 42c P hysical Culture ......... Vz Phvsical Cnltnrfi Spring Camp, Surveying and Forestry ........... SOPHOMORE YEAR First Semester. Second Semester. No. of Creel- No. of Ct-ed- C ourse its C ourse its L u m b erin g .................... F 31 2 L u m b erin g ................. ....F 32 2 Log Scaling .................... F E 13 2 C ru isin g .......................... F E 13 2 Topographic Surveying..F 43a 2 Railroad Surveying .... F 4 4 a 2 Topographic Mapping....F 43b 2 Railroad Drafting. ......... ....F 44b 2 Analytic Geometry ... ..F 73 3 Advanced Trigonometry F 74 3 P h y sic s ............................. P 1 0 3 P h y sic s ............................. 3 P lant Histology and Dendrology ................... B 18 3 Physiology ................... .. B 17 3 Shop Work, Machine ...F 44c 1 Shop Work, Forge F 43c 1 Spring Camp, Scaling, Cruising- and Lumbering 202 E lective— E lective— Descriptive Geome- Shades, Shadows and try FE 43d 2 Perspective FE 44c 2 COURSES IN FOREST ENGINEERING JUNIOR YEAR First Semester. Second Semester. No. of Cred- No. of Cred- Course its Course its Lumbering, Logging..... F E 33 3 Lumbering, Logging... FE 34 3 Fire Protection ............ F 15 3 F ire P ro te ctio n .................F 16 3 Forest Reconnaissance. ...F 45a 2 Highways and Bridges....F 46a 2 Forest Mapping ............. F 45b 2 Improvement Construc­ Differential Calculus . ...F 75 3 tio n .................................... F 46b 2 A pplied Mechanics ...... F 77 2 Integral Calculus ............ F 76 3 G raphic Statics .................F 78 2 E lectives— E lectives— C h e m istry ................... 4 C h em istry ................... 4 F orest Management... 3 F o re st M a n ag em en t .... 3 Silviculture ................. 2 S ilviculture ..................... 2 Geology, Mineralogy.... 3 Geology, Economics 3 Hydraulics ................. 2 W ater Supply and Irrigation ..................... 2 SENIOR YEAR First Semester. Second Semester. No. of C red ­ No. of C red­ C ourse its C ourse its Logging Engineering . F 35 3 Logging Engineering ....F 36 3 Forest Administration __F 17 3 F orest Administration....F 18 3 Forest Engineering ..........F 47a 2 F orest Engineering F 48a 2 Improvement Construc­ Improvement Construc­ tio n ...................................... F 47b 2 tio n .................................... F 48b 2 M otive Powers ...................F 67 3 M otive Powers ...................F 68 3 F orest Appraisals.............. F 55 2 F orest Appraisals ............ F 56 2 E lectives— E lectives— Mechanics of Materials 2 Highway Materials, Concrete Construction.. 2 L ab .................................... % T hermodynamics ......- 2 C ontracts and Specifi­ Telephone Engineering 2 catio n s ........................... 2 E lectrical Laboratory.. 2 T h esis ......................... ..... 2 Geology,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • IN 1850 a Group of Entrepreneurs Put a Log Boom Into Operation
    Transition in the Woods: J^og Drivers, Raftsmen, and the 8mergence of \3XCodern J^umbering in ^Pennsylvania N 1850 a group of entrepreneurs put a log boom into operation on the West Branch of the Susquehanna River near Williams- I port. The boom heralded a major transformation in the utiliza- tion of Pennsylvania's forests, a transformation that within two decades was to make Williamsport the leading center of lumber production in the world.1 However, the change did not take place without friction. The Susquehanna Boom and operations associated with it threatened pre-existing patterns of forest exploitation and those who depended on them. Tension mounted, finally erupting in open battle in the spring of 1857. In the end, the champions of the modern industry made possible by the boom won out. With their victory the pre-industrial phase of lumbering came to an effective end in Pennsylvania. The mid-nineteenth century was a pivotal period in the history of the American lumber industry. Previously, lumber and other forest products had been turned out primarily by small-scale, localized operations with limited capital and relatively simple technology. Often forest operations were mere adjuncts of agriculture. To be 1 James Elliott Defebaugh, History of the Lumber Industry of America (Chicago, 1906-1907), II, 591-607; George S. Banger, History of the Susquehanna Boom Co. from 1846 to 1876 (Williamsport, 1876), 1-2; James C. Humes, "The Susquehanna Boom: A History of Logging and Rafting on the West Branch of the Susquehanna River," Now and Then, XIV (1962), 4—14; John F.
    [Show full text]
  • This Was Logging Free
    FREE THIS WAS LOGGING PDF Ralph W. Andrews | 157 pages | 01 Jul 2007 | Schiffer Publishing Ltd | 9780887400353 | English | Atglen, United States Logging | Definition of Logging at For diagnostic purposes, Microsoft Outlook for Windows contains an option that turns on logging for certain Outlook features. These logs can be helpful for support staff who are troubleshooting problems. Turn logging on or off. What information does logging record? Log file locations. Administrator information. For OutlookOutlookand Outlook Under Otherselect or clear the Enable troubleshooting logging requires restarting Outlook check box. This Was Logging Outlook On the Other tab, select Advanced Options. Select or clear the Enable logging troubleshooting check box. After you restart Outlook, if mail logging is turned on, Logging Enabled appears in the Outlook title bar. Top of Page. The logging option logs information about the following features:. Calendar transactions that are generated by Outlook features, by user actions, by the object model, or by the MAPI Calendar Table, including:. The main purpose of the calendar logging feature is to quickly identify situations where, for example, meetings are inexplicably deleted from a calendar folder. Most log files are in plain text. Contact Microsoft Support for more information about calendar log files. The log files are stored in subfolders of the Temp folder. By default, the Local Settings and AppData folders are hidden. To display hidden folders in Windows, do the following:. To locate Folder Optionsin the search box at the top of window, type Folder Options. This Was Logging the View tab, under Advanced This Was Loggingunder Files and Foldersunder Hidden files and folders This Was Logging, select Show hidden files, folders, and drives.
    [Show full text]
  • Lumber Industry
    From: The Wisconsin River: An Odyssey Through Time and Space by Richard D. Durbin, p. 20-22. The Lumber Industry Logging in the nineteenth century meant eastern white pine. Called Wisconsin's "Empire in Pine," this magnificent tree ranged from Vilas County, where it was the predominate forest species, south to isolated stands in Dane County It has been estimated that the original stands in the Wisconsin River valley totaled about thirty billion board feet, nearly a quarter of that in the entire state. The three hundred- to four hundred year- old trees ranged up to 200 feet tall, although most averaged 120-160 feet, and their diameter at the butt ran from 4 to 7 feet. Usually, five to six clear logs could be cut from each tree. No other species was so highly prized. It was strong, sawed and worked easily and unlike most other northern species, its logs floated. Only after most of the pine had been cut and railroad transport established were hemlock, sugar maple, basswood and oaks taken. In 1852, a Wisconsin representative describing the Pinery to Congress said, "there are indeterminate forests of pine, sufficient to supply all the wants of the citizens for all time to come." But a scant fifty years later, almost all of it was gone and large-scale logging had virtually disappeared from the Wisconsin's basin. The end came almost before anyone realized it. Wisconsin went from being the number one lumber producer in the country at the turn of the century to number eight within the decade.
    [Show full text]
  • The State of the Forest and Recommendations for Forest Sustainability Standards
    The State of the Forest and Recommendations for Forest Sustainability Standards Final Report to the Joint Standing Committee of the 119th Legislature on Agriculture, Conservation and Forestry June 3, 1999 Department of Conservation Maine Forest Service 22 State House Station Augusta, Maine 04333 16 June, 1999 Senator John Nutting Representative Wendy Pieh Members of the Committee on Agriculture, Conservation and Forestry Attached is the final version of a combined report of the State of the Forest and Sustainability Standards as mandated by the 118th Maine Legislature in April of 1998. Following our presentation of the draft report to you in January, we held three public listening sessions in Orono, Houlton and South Paris and solicited written comments during February. We made some revisions to the report based on what we learned during the public comment period. In particular, we have added sections on the following topics: Small, non industrial forest landowners (Issues); Non-governmental programs supporting sound forest management (Policies in Place) Outcome based forest policy (Benchmarks); and, The economics of sustainable forest management (Benchmarks). These reports are the first step in a mandated progression of reports over the next several years. The State of the Forest report discusses major forest issues, with greater detail and analysis of key issues. Since the Maine Forest Service is required to report on the State of the Forest biannually, successive reports will focus on key issues where the most concern and the best data exist. Future reports eventually will provide an assessment at the state level of progress toward achieving sustainability benchmarks. The Sustainability Standards section of this report proposes benchmarks for three of the seven sustainability criteria: water quality, wetlands and riparian zones; timber supply and quality; and, public accountability of forest owners and managers .
    [Show full text]
  • Forecasting Environmental Responses to Restoration of Rivers Used As Log Floatways: an Interdisciplinary Challenge
    Ecosystems (2005) 8: 779–800 DOI: 10.1007/s10021-005-0030-9 Forecasting Environmental Responses to Restoration of Rivers Used as Log Floatways: An Interdisciplinary Challenge Christer Nilsson,1* Fabio Lepori,2 Bjo¨rn Malmqvist,2 Erik To¨rnlund,1 Niclas Hjerdt,1 James M. Helfield,1 Daniel Palm,3 Johan O¨ stergren,3 Roland Jansson,1 Eva Bra¨nna¨s,3 and Hans Lundqvist3 1Landscape Ecology Group, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umea˚ University, SE-901 87 Umea˚ , Sweden; 2Stream Ecology Group, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umea˚ University, SE-901 87 Umea˚ , Sweden; 3Department of Aquaculture, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umea˚ , Sweden ABSTRACT Log floating in the 19th to mid 20th centuries has interactions and increasing the retention capacity profoundly changed the environmental conditions of water, sediment, organic matter and nutrients. in many northern river systems of the world. The geomorphic and hydraulic/hydrologic altera- Regulation of flow by dams, straightening and tions are supposed to favor production, diversity, narrowing of channels by various piers and wing migration and reproduction of riparian and aquatic dams, and homogenization of bed structure are organisms. The response rates are likely to vary some of the major impacts. As a result, the condi- according to the types of processes and organisms. tions for many riverine organisms have been al- Some habitat components, such as beds of very tered. Removing physical constructions and large boulders and bedrock outcrops, and avail- returning boulders to the channels can potentially ability of sediment and large woody debris are be- restore conditions for these organisms.
    [Show full text]
  • Minnesota Log Marks Elizabeth M
    Minnesota Log Marks Elizabeth M. Bachmann IN THE OFFICE of the Minnesota surveyor general of logs and lumber is a vault full of record books in which more than twenty thousand log marks are recorded. Their bulk testifies to the magnitude of the pine harvest in the days when lumbering was the state's leading industry. Large portions of the later records are in the fine Spen- cerian handwriting of Mr. A. D. Cook of Minneapolis, who was connected with the surveyor general's ofiice for forty-four years.^ He is rightly credited with knowing more about log marks than any other man in the state. A law which required that all log marks be recorded before the logs bearing them could be moved was passed in 1858. It provides, in part, that anyone cutting logs in the state "shall, before proceeding to mark the same, deposit in the ofiice of the Surveyor General in whose district the logs may be, a copy of the said mark which is to be put upon the said logs," but that the mark must be distincdy different from any other mark recorded in the same district.^ The practice of marking logs in Minnesota, however, goes back farther than 1858. In 1851, when Minnesota was still a territory, the Mis­ sissippi Boom Company and the St. Croix Boom Company were incorporated. The law establishing the companies provided that they should "sort out the logs and timber according to their several ^ The records accumulated by the surveyor general's office fill about 26,000 volumes and cover the years from i860 to 1945.
    [Show full text]
  • Rehabilitating and Enhancing Stream Habitat: 1
    General Technical Report PNW-138 June 1982 REHABILITATING AND ENHANCING STREAM HABITAT: 1. REVIEW AND EVALUATION JAMES D. HALL and CALVIN 0. BAKER U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station ABSTRACT The literature and many unpublished documents on rehabilitating and enhancing stream habitat for salmonid fishes are reviewed. The historical development and conceptual basis for habitat management are considered, followed by a review of successful and unsuccessful techniques for manipulation of spawning, rearing, and riparian habitat. Insufficient attention to evaluation of past work has slowed the development of habitat management for anadromous salmonids in the West. Recent developments, including improved design of structures to accommodate variable streamflow, show promise of permitting increased application of these techniques. Past work in the West has emphasized management of spawning habitat. We recommend increased emphasis on rehabilitation and enhancement of rearing and riparian habitat. The importance of a strong program of habitat protection is emphasized. 1 KEYWORDS: Fish habitat, habitat improvement, riparian habitat, anadromous fish, salmonids. USDA FOREST SERVICE General Technical Report PNW- 138 INFLUENCE OF FOREST AND RANGELAND MANAGEMENTON ANADROMOUS FISH HABITAT IN WESTERN NORTH AMERICA William R. Meehan, Technical Editor 12. Rehabilitating and Enhancing Stream Habitat: 1. Review and Evaluation JAMES D. HALL Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Oregon State University Corvallis, Oregon 9733 1 CALVIN 0. BAKER U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Hebo Ranger District Hebo, Oregon 97 122 1982 PACIFIC NORTHWEST FOREST AND RANGE EXPERIMENT STATION Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Portland, Oregon PREFACE This is one of a series of publications on the influences of forest and rangeland management on anadromous fish habitat in western North America.
    [Show full text]
  • The Challenge of Managing for Healthy Riparian Areas
    Chapter 1 The Challenge of Managing for Healthy Riparian Areas Elon S. Vet-t-y and C. Andrew Dolloff “Learn to read the land [the river], and when you do I have no fear of what you will do with it: indeed, I am excited about what you will do for it.” Aldo Leopold, 1966 - A Sand County Almanac “There is a need to place such common resources as water, land, and air on a higher plane of value and to assign them a kind of respect that Aldo Leopold called the land ethic, a recognition of the interdependence qf all creatures and resources.” LunaLeopold, 1997 -Water, Rivers and Creeks Clearly, Aldo Leopold, a forest ranger, a wildlife biologist, a director of wood-use research, and a small woodland owner, called those in natural resource management to do two things: read the land and manage it - “. I have no fear ,of what you will do for it.” Thirty-one years later, Luna Leopold, Chief Hydrologist with the U.S. Geological Survey, Dean of Geology at The University of California-Berkley, and river restoration advocate, emulated his father’s “Round River” when he called us to recognize the interdependence of land, water, air, and all creatures. Neither rejected their past, and neither rejected the many uses nor many users of our forest lands. Aldo Leopold worked to restore his cut-over and worked-out Sand County farm and woodland to take a productive place in their Wisconsin community. At the heart of managing for healthy riparian areas is seeing them with this same sense of community.
    [Show full text]
  • Log Driving on the West Branch of the Penobscot River
    The University of Maine DigitalCommons@UMaine Maine History Documents Special Collections 2016 Log Driving on the West Branch of the Penobscot River: An Addendum to Alfred Hempstead's Book The eP nobscot Boom and The evelopmeD nt of the West Branch of The eP nobscot River for Log Driving William W. Geller Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mainehistory Part of the History Commons Repository Citation Geller, William W., "Log Driving on the West Branch of the Penobscot River: An Addendum to Alfred Hempstead's Book The Penobscot Boom and The eD velopment of the West Branch of The eP nobscot River for Log Driving" (2016). Maine History Documents. 117. https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mainehistory/117 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Maine History Documents by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Log Driving on the West Branch of the Penobscot River: An addendum to Alfred Hempstead’s Book The Penobscot Boom and The Development of the West Branch of The Penobscot River for Log Driving July 2016 William W. Geller 108 Orchard Street Farmington, Maine 04938 207-778-6672 [email protected] 1 Log Driving on the West Branch of the Penobscot River: An addendum to Alfred Hempstead’s Book, The Penobscot Boom and The Development of the West Branch of The Penobscot River for Log Driving Alfred Hempstead’s late 1920’s research on logging on the West Branch of the Penobscot and its tributaries resulted in his publication of The Penobscot Boom and The Development of the West Branch of The Penobscot River for Log Driving in 1930.
    [Show full text]
  • Multiple-Use Forestry, Clearcutting, and the Politics of Fish Habitat in British Columbia, 1945-70
    “Nonsensical and a Contradiction in Terms”: Multiple-Use Forestry, Clearcutting, and the Politics of Fish Habitat in British Columbia, 1945-70 Richard Rajala n welcoming delegates to the fourth British Columbia Natural Resources Conference at Victoria’s Empress Hotel in February 1951, provincial minister of trade and commerce L.H. Eyres described Ithe province as “our home and our workshop.” It was the workshop analogy that preoccupied the assembled executives, administrators, scientists, and educators, the idea that British Columbia’s array of natural resources constituted “our stock in trade,” as Eyres put it. But those resources were “practically … worthless,” the minister declared, until put to use. Thankfully, British Columbia was a busy workshop indeed. Almost fifty thousand men were engaged in the forest industry, producing nearly $400 million in wealth in 1950. Mining ranked second, agriculture third, and then came the fisheries, employing twenty-one thousand and generating $63 million worth of products. The convention’s theme, “Co-ordination or Conflict,” hinted at the problems a booming resource-based economy had begun to confront, and Eyres wished his audience well in achieving conservation and wise use while turning 1 resources into “payrolls, the life blood of this economy.” Eyres’s address conveyed the prevailing conception of conservation as “rational planning to promote efficient development and use of all natural resources.” Professionals and business elites held fast to this credo during the postwar years. Speaking to the 1945 United Fishermen and Allied Workers Union Convention (ufawu), federal fisheries official R.E. Foerster defined conservation as “the wisest utilization of resources so that they could be maintained and exploited in perpetuity.” Readers of the timber industry’s Forest and Mill periodical received the same dose 1 L.H.
    [Show full text]
  • Newton∗ DOI: 10.15763/Jou.Ts.2021.01.05.03
    Technology’s Stories Vol. 8, no. 3, January 2021 The Winter Workscape: Weather and the Meaning of Industrial Capitalism in the Northern Forest, 1850-1950 Jason L. Newton∗ DOI: 10.15763/jou.ts.2021.01.05.03 __________________________________________________________ Between 1922 and 1947 Barbra Bird regularly accompanied her husband, a forester, on trips to lumber camps in the Adirondack Mountains of northern New York. They trekked into remote forests in the winter on snowshoes, making their way to piles of logs stacked on to skidways where Bird’s husband would measure them. The loggers Bird visited would wait until enough snow fell and they would load the logs from the skidway on to sleds for a longer haul. On one of her hikes Bird stumbled upon a hauling road that intrigued her. She wrote that, “In order to make hauling easier the roads [were] covered in ice up to two feet thick.” These iced roads could extend dozens of miles, providing a slick surface for the horse drawn sleds. The roads were created by a “sprinkler box,” a large watertight box typically 8 x 8 x 4 built on runners that held up to sixty barrels of water (image 1). These devices were made locally or even in the woods ∗ Copyright 2020 Jason L. Newton. Jason L. Newton is a postdoctoral fellow in the history of capitalism and the environment at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. His book manuscript, “Cutover Capitalism: The Industrialization of the Northern Forest, 1850-1950,” is a history of the changing types of labor performed by people, trees, and the landscape in the American Northeast as that area industrialized.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 5 Forest Practices
    Chapter 5 Forest Practices Alan Vyse, Dennis Bendickson, Kirsten Hannam, Davide M. Cuzner, and Kevin D. Bladon INTRODUCTION The forests of British Columbia have had, and con- Where there is too little water, or too much, forests tinue to have, a powerful influence on the lives of do not grow. And within the range of adequate the province’s residents. Most British Columbians water, small changes have profound influences on live surrounded by forests. Their houses are largely the forest, its structure, and the constellations of built of wood and their employment often depends organisms that live within its enveloping sphere of on some aspect of the forest industry, whether they influence. Those same water supplies from forested live on a farm, in a logging town, or within the me- mountain slopes support fish populations of im- tropolis of Vancouver. Young and old recreate in the mense size. As management of forests has evolved, forest, whether on ski runs or by lakeshores. Creative care for the water resource, and its associated fisher- artists have drawn inspiration from the wild for- ies, has moved from a marginal issue to a touchstone est and the busy goings-on of a forest industry set for efforts to modify forest practices (Chapter 1, within the stunning backdrop of ocean and moun- “Forest Hydrology in British Columbia: Context and tains. Children learn that many provincial emblems History”). Public concerns about drinking water are derived from the forest, including the dogwood and fish habitat played a major role in this transfor- flower, the western redcedar tree, and the Steller’s mation.
    [Show full text]