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About the Authors Introduction: Our Museums the Hidden Gems of Hong Kong 3 CHANG HSIN-KANG (H. K. CHANG) Professor H.K. Chang received and holds one Canadian patent. In his B.S. in Civil Engineering from addition, he has authored 11 books National Taiwan University (1962), in Chinese and 1 book in English, M.S. in Structural Engineering from mainly on education, cultures and Stanford University (1964) and Ph.D. civilizations. His academic interests in Biomedical Engineering from now focus on cultural exchanges Northwestern University (1969). across the Eurasian landmass, particularly along the Silk Road. Having taught at State University of New York at Buffalo (1969-76), McGill Professor Chang is a Foreign Member University (1976-84) and the University of Royal Academy of Engineering of of Southern California (1984-90), he the United Kingdom and a Member of became Founding Dean of School of the International Eurasian Academy Engineering at Hong Kong University of Sciences. of Science and Technology (1990- 94) and then Dean of School of He was named by the Government Engineering at the University of of France to be Chévalier dans l’Ordre Pittsburgh (1994-96). Professor Chang National de la Légion d’Honneur in served as President and University 2000, decorated as Commandeur Professor of City University of Hong dans l’Ordre des Palmes Académiques Kong from 1996 to 2007. in 2009, and was awarded a Gold Bauhinia Star by the Hong Kong SAR In recent years, Professor Chang has Government in 2002. taught general education courses at Tsinghua University, Peking University, Professor Chang served as Chairman China-Europe International Business of the Culture and Heritage School and Bogazici University in Commission of Hong Kong (2000- Istanbul. 2003), a member of Hong Kong’s Council of Advisors on Innovation Besides being President-Emeritus and Technology (2000-2004) and of of City University of Hong Kong, he Judicial Officers Recommendation is an Honorary Professor at Peking Commission (1999-2005). University, Tsinghua University and several other major universities in He is currently an independent non- China. executive director of Hong Kong Telecom Trust, Hang Lung Properties, Professor Chang has published over Brightoil Petroleum and Nanyang 100 research articles and two research Commercial Bank. treatises in biomedical engineering 4 About the Authors DAVID PONG PAULINE YEUNG CHUN-YEE After graduating from the Wharton Pauline Yeung is a Researcher School of the University of at the Public Policy Institute of Pennsylvania in 1991, Mr Pong returned Our Hong Kong Foundation, with to Hong Kong to work for his family primary responsibility for the area of business, Shiu Wing Steel Limited. arts innovation. Prior to joining the Mr Pong is also a Director of Dim Sum Foundation in 2016, Pauline worked Television. for six years in finance at Morgan Stanley, J.P. Morgan and the Hong Mr Pong has served on numerous Kong Monetary Authority. Pauline has Government committees and non- a longstanding interest in arts and profit organizations. He was a Council culture, encompassing the classical member of the Hong Kong Academy and the contemporary, the Eastern of Performing Arts from 2005 to 2010, and the Western. Her experiences and was made an Honorary Fellow range from working on French of the HKAPA in 2012. Mr Pong also photographer JR’s “Inside Out” public served as member of the Board of art project, organizing Japanese Governors of the Hong Kong Arts artist Takashi Murakami’s exhibition Centre from 2006 to 2012, as well as during Art Basel, to volunteering at Board member of the Asia Art Archive storytelling workshops for children from 2005 to 2010. at a local community centre in Hong Kong. A Hang Seng Scholar, Sir Edward He is currently a member of the Board Youde Scholar and Daniel M. Sachs of Directors of M Plus Museum Limited Scholar, Pauline holds a Bachelor’s (M Plus Board) and Acquisitions Degree in Public and International Committee under M Plus Board, and Affairs from the Woodrow Wilson Chairman of the Board of Trustees School at Princeton University. She of the Friends of the Hong Kong also attended the University of Oxford. Museum of Art as well as a member Pauline speaks Cantonese, Mandarin, of the newly established Museum Korean and Japanese. Advisory Committee. Overseas, Mr Pong has been a trustee of the Asian Art Museum of San Francisco since 2003. Mr Pong is a keen collector of contemporary Chinese ink art. In 2003, he co-founded the Ink Society and now serves as the Vice- Chairman. The Ink Society is a non- profit organization dedicated to the promotion of art inspired by the Chinese ink tradition. About the Authors 5 PREFACE Development of the Cultural & Creative Industries in Hong Kong 6 Introduction: Our Museums the Hidden Gems of Hong Kong CULTURE, CULTURAL INDUSTRIES, CULTURAL & CREATIVE INDUSTRIES “Wen Hua” (文化) is a word often seen but hard According to the categorization defined by the to define. Its English and French equivalent is Statistics Division of the United Nations and “Culture”, originated from the Latin word “Cultus”, the actual situation in Hong Kong, the Census which means “Cultivation". It is also similar and Statistics Department included the below to the concept of “Wen Zhi Jiao Hua” (文治教 sectors in Hong Kong’s cultural and creative 化)found in ancient Chinese texts, meaning industries: “Civilization and Education for Cultivation”. 1. Artworks, Antiques and Crafts; Scholars in the modern era created the new 2. Cultural Education & Libraries, File Archiving word “Wen Hua” (hereinafter referred to as and Museum Services; “Culture”) on this basis. 3. Performing Arts; 4. Movies, Video Recording and Music; “Culture” can be defined in a general as well as 5. Television and Radio; in a narrow sense. Generally speaking, “Culture” 6. Publications; refers to a collective belief or behavioural 7. Software, Computer Games and Multimedia; standard of a certain community, including 8. Advertising; language, attire, festivals, courtesies and 9. Design; religions, etc. In a narrow sense, it is defined as 10. Architecture; a higher level of intellectual activity that reflects 11. Entertainment Services. a common set of values and aesthetics via literature, art and philosophy. The average annual growth of the aggregated GDP of the above 11 categories in Hong Kong “Cultural Industries” is a constituent of the has increased by 8.6% from 2005-2014 while that economic eco-system of a society, consisting of the nominal GDP of Hong Kong as a whole in sectors like food & beverages, entertainment, the same period was 5.4%. The aggregated GDP tourism, publications and religious articles, etc. of the cultural and creative industries accounted In recent years, the international community for 5% of Hong Kong’s GDP in 2014. The average has recognized the significance of creativity annual growth rate of employed population in in modern economics, giving rise to the Hong Kong has been stagnant in recent years concept and category of “Cultural and Creative at 1.3%, while that of the cultural and creative Industries”. industries has been 2.4%, accounting for 5.7% of the total employed population in Hong Kong in 2014. From the above statistics, it is evident that developing the cultural and creative industries could be and should be an indispensable aspect of the cultural and economic development strategy of Hong Kong. Preface 7 HONG KONG’S CULTURAL POSITION Identifying Hong Kong’s cultural position is the 1980's as having eroded many of the prerequisite of developing the cultural and qualities of our traditional local culture such creative industries in Hong Kong. as diligence, forbearance, industriousness and strong moral values. The mass media After three years of discussion, studies (including television, radio, newspapers and and consultation, the Culture and Heritage magazines) plays a vital role in reflecting Commission, appointed by the HKSAR and shaping the social environment. The government in 2000, submitted a “Policy mass media in Hong Kong enjoys a high Recommendation Report” to the Chief degree of freedom and independence as Executive in 2003. The report has been endorsed it operates on free market principles. Local by related authorities such as the Home Affairs popular culture has grown to be highly Bureau and the Leisure and Cultural Services commercialised.” Department of every HKSAR government term. • ”Hong Kong is a special administrative Some of the recommendations have already region of China and a modern international been implemented. city. Its strength in cultural development lies in its foundation of Chinese culture and “Hong Kong’s Cultural Position”, the second its open and receptive altitude towards chapter of this report, articulates well on the other cultures. Without this, Hong Kong's subject. Some of the passages therein are cultural position would be obscure, cultural quoted below: exchange meaningless, and Hong Kong would be unable to contribute to the further • ”Hong Kong's culture is a component of development of Chinese culture.” Chinese culture.” • ”In the latter half of the 20th century, with • ”While the majority of the population in its unique position, Hong Kong became Hong Kong is Chinese, the non-Chinese a special channel through which China communities contribute to the city's reached the world. While the world and pluralistic and international character… China underwent tremendous changes “Diversity with Identity" aptly depicts Hong over the past one and a half centuries, the Kong's unique cultural position.” role of Hong Kong as a bridge between • ”Many of the older generation were born China and the world remained unchanged. and raised in the mainland of China; even if It is imperative for Hong Kong to maintain they had the so-called "refugee" mentality, and develop this role.” they generally did not have any problem of • “As a special administrative region of cultural identity.