Spring Semester Objectives

Spring Semester Objectives Ecology Objectives: 1. Define ecology 2. List and Define all levels of organization. 3. Know the flow of energy in the biosphere (consumers, producers, etc.) 4. Draw and interpret a food chain, food wed, and food pyramid 5. Know the 3 types of ecological pyramids and the 10% rule. 6. Understand the flow of water molecules through the water cycle 7. Define precipitation, condensation, seepage, etc. 8. Know the 4 processes involved with the carbon cycle. 9. Understand the nitrogen cycle and how bacteria help in the cycle. 10. Understand how climate plays a role in our biomes. 11. Explain the greenhouse effect. 12. Define biotic and abiotic factors, and niche. Give examples 13. Understand the different types of community interactions. (competition, symbiosis, predation) 14. Explain (including symbols) the three symbiotic relationships. 15. Explain ecological succession, including primary, secondary and pioneer species. 16. Know all major biomes and characteristics of each. Including plants, animals, climates, etc. 17. Know the 3 factors that influence population 18. Understand the two types of population growths and interpret a graph of each 19. Know the limiting factors of a population, density-dependent and density-independent 20. Be familiar with the concept of greenhouse gases and global warming. 21. Be familiar with all lab activities and concepts. Owl Pellet, Bio Diversity, Symbiosis Video, etc.

Evolution Objectives: 1. Define evolution. 2. Define adaptation. 3. Describe the differences between natural selection and artificial selection. 4. Define species. 5. Define speciation. 6. Explain how Darwin’s finches show speciation. 7. Explain how reproductive isolation, ecological competition, changes in a gene pool, and geographic isolation can produce a new species. 8. Know the factors that can lead to Evolution (Fig. 11.11) 9. Define fitness. 10. Define homologous structures and give an example. 11. Define vestigial organ and give an example. 12. Define the term "survival of the fittest". 13. Define adaptive radiation, coevolution, punctuated equilibrium, and convergent evolution. 14. Explain the difference between a single gene trait and a polygenic trait. 15. Explain how natural selection can affect gene frequencies. 16. Define genetic drift and explain how it affects gene frequencies. 17. Explain the Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium. 18. Identify the 5 conditions required to maintain genetic equilibrium. 19. Define variation. 20. Explain the 3 types of selective pressures on polygenic traits. 21. Interpret graphs of natural selection on polygenic traits. 22. Explain the two main types of fossil dating. 23. Understand and explain half-life,

Genetic Engineering Objectives: 1. Know the steps involved in cloning. Human Body Systems Objectives: 1. Know the levels of organization in the body. 2. Know all major systems in the body and their main functions. 3. Understand feedback loops. 4. Know the main parts of the nervous system and different types of neurons. 5. Know the function and identify axon, axon terminal, dendrites, cell body, synapse, neurotransmitter, myelin sheath, and nodes. 6. Know the function of the cerebrum, cerebellum, thalamus, hypothalamus, brainstem, etc. 7. Describe a reflex arc and all its parts. 8. Know the functions of the skeletal system. 9. List the parts of a bone; know what a tendon and ligament are. 10. Know the different types of joints. 11. Know the three types of muscle tissue. 12. Understand how actin and myosin play a role in muscle contraction. 13. Explain how the nervous system is involved in a muscle contraction. 14. Know the functions of the skin. 15. Explain the layers of the skin and the contents of each. 16. Know the difference between all types of blood vessels. 17. Know the flow of blood through the heart. 18. Be able to label the hearts. 19. Know the different diseases related to the heart. 20. Know the contents of the blood, including cell and their functions. Know the different blood types. 21. Know the parts of the respiratory tract and their function. 22. Understand the process of gas exchange and breathing. 23. Know how tobacco plays a role in the respiratory tract. 24. Explain the function of all parts of the digestive tract. 25. Know the difference between mechanical and chemical digestion. 26. Define villi, microvilli, sodium bicarbonate, peristalsis, etc. 27. Know the function of the excretory system, including the main unit and its parts. 28. List the 3 jobs of a nephron and where each job takes place. 29. Know the main glands of the endocrine system and the hormones they secrete. 30. Know the difference between steroid and nonsteroid hormones. 31. Know the parts and functions of the male and female reproductive systems. 32. Know where fertilization takes place. 33. Explain what a pathogen is. Give examples. 34. List the differences between viruses and bacteria. 35. Know the 1st and 2nd line of defense. 36. Understand the role of antibodies, B-cells, T-cells, macrophages, etc. 37. Explain the difference between active and passive immunity. 38. Know the frog, fetal pig, and worm parts and functions.

This list is an overview. You are responsible for ALL material covered during 2nd Semester. Including, but not limited to, class activities, warm-ups, ALL homework, ALL labs, and any other items done in class.