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2. Mythili P, Kavitha T. Overview on Cucurbita Maxima Seed

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2. Mythili P, Kavitha T. Overview on Cucurbita Maxima Seed IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) e-ISSN: 2279-0853, p-ISSN: 2279-0861.Volume 16, Issue 3 Ver. XIII (March. 2017), PP 29-33 www.iosrjournals.org Overview on Cucurbita Maxima Seed Dr. P. Mythili Md ( Siddha )1,Dr. T. Kavitha Md ( Siddha )2 Abstract: Pumpkin ( cucurbita maxima ) belongs to cucurbitaceae which include pumpkin, gourds, melons and squashes. They are characterized by their seed oil. Pumpkin plant has been grown since the earliest history of mankind1. ( Brucher – 1989 ). Pumpkin are grown around the world for variety of agricultural purposes, the seeds show anti helmintic, taenicide diuretic, cardio tonic, anti-inflammatory, anti - diabetic, anti- hyperlipidemic, anti – giardial activity CNS stimulant, melanogenesis inhibitory activity and immune modulatory action. Oil from seeds is nervine tonic. Cucurbita maxima seeds are good source of vitamins, minerals, calories and proteins. Multiple forms of phytase found in germinating cotyledons of cucurbita maxima seeds. Seeds are rich in tocopherols (δ tocopherols), triterpene and unsaturated fatty acids. Keywords: Tocopherols, phytase, triterpenes, unsaturated fatty acids, anti diabetic, diuretic, cytotoxicity, cardiotonic. I. Introduction India is a vast repository of medicinal plants that are used in traditional medical treatments but in the last few decades, there has been exponential growth in the field of herbal medicine. It is getting popularized in developing and developed countries owing to its natural origin and lesser side effect2. Pumpkin seed oil has a strong anti – oxidant properties and has been recognized for several health benefits such as prevention of growth and reduction of size of bladder and urethral compliance, alleviation of diabetes by promoting hypo glycemic activity, lowering the level of gastric, breast, lung and colorectal cancer. An early colonist named Elizabeth Skinner found that the seed of pumpkin can be ground into meal and applied to skin, to take away freckles and all spots3. Seed have anti – parasitic properties. Oil extracted from the seeds has history of use in biological and folk medicine. Studies indicate that pumpkin seeds provide that wide range of traditional nutrients. The food ranking system qualified them as a very good source of minerals such as MG, Mn, P, Fe, Cu and Zinc. Taxonomy of cucurbita maxima: Division : Spermatophyta Sub – Division : Angiospermae Class : Dicotyledonae Sub – class : Poly patellae Series : Caliciflorae Order : Passiflorales Family : Cucurbitaceae Genus : Cucurbita Species : Maximus Description of the plant: Pumpkin plant has large leaves, sprawling veins with coiled, modified leaves called tendrils. The leaves are simple, alternate and shallowly to deeply lobed. The root near the surface, stem would be square, flowers will be bright yellow and the fruit is more fibrous and less sweet than winter squash. Seed vary in size depending upon variety and type ( Fruh Writh & Hermetter - 2007 ). Pumpkin seed have a natural protective skin called the hull. The pumpkin plant has been grown since the earliest history of mankind ( Brucher - 1989 ). The annual species is probably native to Asia but now nuteralised to temperate and warmer areas. Chemical constituents of cucrbita maxima seeds: Pumpkin seeds are good source of vitamins mostly the B vitamins along with C, D, E, K beside zinc, magnesium, manganese, phosphorous and phytosterol. It contains chemical constituents such as 24β ethyl 5α cholesta-7, 22, 25-trien-3βol, 24β ethyl5α cholesta-7,25-dien-3βol,arena sterol,spinasterol,24-£methyl lathosterol and 25(27) dehydro-fungisterol.13 C-NMR of chondrillasterol studied, isolation of new carotenoids cucubitaxanthin( A&B )and their structure elucidation done. The seeds collected from Pakistan yields an oil (39.1%)having the following physical chemical constituents, the fatty acid composition of oil is as follow myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic and linoleic acid 30.3%.The alcoholic and ethereal extract of seeds were found DOI: 10.9790/0853-1603132933 www.iosrjournals.org 29 | Page Overview On Cucurbita Maxima Seed to be active against the nematode fasciolopisbuski in vitro and in vivo test systems .In another study(casio,2000) reported that pumpkin seeds are rich in minerals, calories and proteins , iron, zinc, mg. Seeds contain omega 6 and omega 3 fats and high in fiber. Alfawaz (2004) reported that cucurbita maxima seed kernel contained 39.25%: crude protein, 27.83% crude oil, 4.59%ash and 16.84% crude fiber together with moderate concentration of P, Mg and K. A study on Syrian pumpkin seed oil showed that high content of linoleic acid is important nutritional aspect. Linoleic acid is essential fatty acid for human as it is required for the formation of cellular membranes, Vit D and various harmones (yoshida et,al 2004). 1. A new protein inhibitor of trypsin and activated hageman factor from pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) seeds : A protein inhibitor (CMTI-V; Mr 7106) of trypsin and activated Hageman factor (Factor XIIa), a serine protease involved in blood coagulation, has been isolated for the first time from pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) seeds by means of trypsin-affinity chromatography and reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC ).4 2. Isolation and partial amino acid sequence of the trypsin inhibitor from the seeds of Cucurbita maxima : Trypsin inhibitor from squash (Cucurbita maxima) seed was extracted with 0.1 M-acetate buffer, pH 4.5, purified on immobilized trypsin, and separated by SE-Sephadex C-50 chromatography into three active fractions. All of them inhibited trypsin to the same extent, showed no antichymotrypsin or antikallikrein activity, had a similar molecular weight (about 3300), and contained no tryptophan, phenylalanine or threonine. The partial amino acid sequence of tryptic and peptic peptides of fraction III was determined by Edman degradation procedure.5 3. Codisterol and other Δ5-sterols in the seeds of Cucurbita maxima : A substantial amount (ca 18%) of the sterol found in the seeds of Cucurbita maxima had a Δ-bond and consisted of seven components. They were identified as 25(27)-dehydroporiferasterol, clerosterol, isofucosterol, stigmasterol, sitosterol, campesterol and codisterol.6 4. Kaurenolide biosynthesis in a cell-free system from Cucurbita maxima seeds : A new product obtained by incubn of [2-14C ]-mevalonic acid with a cell-free system from Cucurbita maxima endosperm was identified by GC-MS as ent-kaura-6,16-dien-19-oic acid, thus in the C. maxima cell-free system, the kaurenolides are formed by a pathway which branches from the GA pathway at ent-kaurenoic acid and proceeds via the dienoic acid.7 5. GC/MS analysis of the plant hormones in seeds of Cucurbita maxima : The GC/MS detection is reported of over 30 compounds, in extracts of the endosperm and embryos from seeds of Cucurbita maxima. The compounds which were identified from reference spectra include: cis, trans-ABA; trans, trans- ABA; dihydrophaseic acid; IAA; GA4; GA12; GA13; GA25; GA39; GA43; GA49; ent-13-hydroxy-, ent-6α,7α- and ent-7α,13-dihydroxy-, and ent-6α,7α,13-trihydroxykaur-16-en-19-oic acids; ent-7α,16,17-trihydroxy- and ent-6α,7α,16,17-tetrahydroxy-kauran-19-oic acids, ent-6,7-seco-7-oxokauren-6,19-dioic acid and/or ent-6,7-secokauren-6,7,19-trioic acid, and 7β,12α-dihydroxykaurenolide.8 6. Multiple forms of phytase in germinating cotyledons of Cucurbita maxima : Multiple forms of phytase (myoinositol hexaphosphate phosphohydrolase, EC 3.1.3.8) have been isolated in highly purified forms from germinating Cucurbita maxima cotyledons using acetone and ammonium sulphate fractionation, Sephadex gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography on DEAE- and CM-cellulose.9 7. Oil and Tocopherol Content and Composition of Pumpkin Seed Oil in 12 Cultivars: Twelve pumpkin cultivars (Cucurbita maxima D.), cultivated in Iowa,studied for their seed oil content, acid composition and tocopherol content. Oil content ranged from10.9-30.9%.Total unsaturated fatty acid content ranged from 73.1to 80.5%.The predominant fatty acids are linoleic, palmitic, oleic and stearic. Significant differences were observed among the cultivars for stearic, oleic, linoleic, and gadoleic acid content of oil. Low linolenic acid levels were observed (<1%). The tocopherol content of the oils ranged from 27.1 to 75.1 μg/g of oil for α-tocopherol, from 74.9 to 492.8 μg/g for γ-tocopherol, and from 35.3 to 1109.7 μg/g were studied for their seed oil content, fatty acid composition, and tocopherol content. Oil content ranged from 10.9 to 30.9%. Total unsaturated fatty acid content ranged from 73.1 to 80.5%. The predominant fatty acids present were linoleic, oleic, palmitic, for δ-tocopherol. The study showed potential for pumpkin seed oil from all 12 cultivars to have high oxidative stability that would be suitable for food and industrial applications, as well as high unsaturation and tocopherol content that could potentially improve the nutrition of human diets.10 8. Chemical composition and profile characterisation of pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) seed oil: Gas chromatography revealed that the major fatty acids were oleic, linoleic, and palmitic acids (44.11%, 34.77%, and 15.97% respectively). Seed oil was also found to be rich in tocopherols with a predominance of δ-tocopherol (42.27%). The sterol marker β-sisosterol accounted for 39.6% of total sterols contained in seed oil. phenolic acid (protocatechuic, caffeeic, syringic, vanillic, p-coumaric and ferulic were detected.11 9. Standarisation Of Etanolic Extract Of C.Maxima Seed: Qualitative analysis showed presence of steroids, carbohydrates, unsaturated and saturated fatty acids in the extract. The RF value of TLC and peak DOI: 10.9790/0853-1603132933 www.iosrjournals.org 30 | Page Overview On Cucurbita Maxima Seed of HPTLC showed the presence of various active chemical constituents. The methyl esters were formed and fatty acids were determined using GC-MS techniques.12 Medical Uses Of Cucrbita Maxima Seeds (Siddha medicine aspect): Action: diuretic, refrigerant, neuronic.
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