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Lepidoptera, Ochsenheimeriidae) Stængelmøllenes udbredelse i Danmark (Lepidoptera, Ochsenheimeriidae) OLE KARSHOL T Karsholt, O.: Distribution of Stem Moths in Denmark (Lepidoptera, Ochsenheimerii­ dae). En t. Meddr 51: 93-96. Copenhagen, Denmark 1984. ISSN 0013-8851. A survey of the distribution of Stem Moths (Ochsenheimeria) occuring in Denmark is given, based on specimens examined by the author. Distribution maps are presented for the four species. Until recently all have been sparsely represented in collections, but according to present knowledge only O. Iaurelia is a rare species here. Records from literature are given in the text, and the occasional occurrence of O. vacculella and taure/la as pest species is discussed. O. Karsholt, Zoologisk Museum, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 København Ø. Stængelmøllene er en lille familie af som­ ne og dels at placere flere navne i synonymi merfugle med kun en slægt, Ochsenheime­ til de fire nedenfor omtalte arter. Disse for­ ria. Der kendes fire arter i Nordeuropa, og skelle er nærmere beskrevet af Karsholt & disse er alle fundet i Danmark. Arterne har Nielsen (i trykken), og heri omtales også den tidligere været meget sammenblandede i bå• specielle indsamlingsteknik for Ochsenhei­ de den danske og udenlandske litteratur. meriidae. Hensigten med denne artikel er at Dette skyldes især, at de som regel kun fan­ redegøre for de specielle forhold vedrørende ges sjældent og enkeltvis, samt den omstæn• Ochsenheimeria arterne i Danmark, som er dighed, at nogle arter udviser betydelige for­ fremkommet ved udarbejdelsen af oven­ skelle mellem kønnene, mens han og hun nævnte artikel. hos andre er næsten ens. I den første danske sommerfuglefortegnel- I de senere år har ikke mindst danske le­ Fig. l. Ochsenheimeria vacculella FR. 13 mm. pidopterologer fanget flere Ochsenheimeria­ arter i antal, hvorved det har været muligt dels at påpege sikre kendetegn mellem arter- 93 se (Haas, 18 74-7 5) omtales kun en art, tau­ forår. Arten er et alvorligt skadedyr på hve­ rella Den. & Schiff. De eksemplarer, Haas de i Sovjetunionen og i USA, hvortil den er nævner, omfatter dog også mediopectinellus indslæbt og først blev fundet i 1964. (Davis, Hw. I tillægget til Haas' liste omtaler Hede­ 1975). Herhjemme er der i 1983 indberettet mann (1894) også kun taurella: »To skader på Rajgræs (Lolium) ved Odense (P. Exempl. paa Murene af et Hus ved Ringe­ Esbjerg, personlig meddelelse). dal, Juli 1893«. Disse har desværre ikke kunnet findes og kontrolbestemmes. Larsen Ochsenheimeria vacculella FR. (1916) opfører foruden taurella for første gang vacculella FR. I tillægget (1927) tilføjes yderligere 2 arter, bisantel/a Zell. og birdel/a Curt. Alle de i tillægget nævnte eksemplarer tilhører dog sidstnævnte art. Desuden omtaler Larsen (1927) under vacculella atter »2 stkr. Ringedal Bornholm (Gudmann)«. Han henviser ikke til eksem­ plarerne fra samme lokalitet, som han anfør­ te under taurella (1916: 138), hvad han gør for eksemplaret fra Maribo ( 1927: 68). På Zoologisk Museum i København findes to eksemplarer af vacculella etiketteret »Ringe­ Fig. 2. Danske findesteder for Ochsenheimeria dal, 7-1895, Gudmann« i C. S. Larsens vacculella FR. håndskrift. Jeg mener imidlertid ikke, at dis­ se eksemplarer er de samme, som Hede­ O. urella Fischer von Roslerstamm, 1842 mann (1894) omtalte som fundet i 1893. (bisontella Lierrig & Zeller, 1846). Fig. 3. Derimod er det overvejende sandsynligt, at Undersøgt 93 dd, 14 99 fra Danmark. Arten de befandt sig i et materiale, som C. S. Lar­ blev først konstateret i Danmark i I 972 i sen anvendte under udarbejdelsen af sit til­ NEJ: Hammer Bakker (E. Traugott-Olsen læg (192 7), og som han regnede med stam­ leg.) og er nu fundet på fire lokaliteter i mede fra Ringedal på Bornholm, juli 1895, NEJ, samt i WJ ved Vind (P. L. Holst leg.) men som vi i dag må anse som fejletiketteret og NEZ: Teglstrup Hegn (K. Schnack leg.). (sml. Karsbolt & Larsen, under udarbej­ Efter at udbredelseskortene var trykt, har jeg delse), og disse dyr kan derfor ikke anvendes set 5 stk. urella fra NEZ: Kongelunden, til faunistiske arbejder. 8. viii. I 983 (K. Schnack leg.). Den er knyttet til tørre steder med Hundegræs (Dactylis Bemærkninger til de enkelte arter glomerata) og andre græsser og kan findes ved først på eftermiddagen at stryge med O. vacculella Fischer von Roslerstamm, nettet disse. Det er vanskeligt at 1842. Fig. 1-2. Undersøgte danske eksem­ plarer: 62 dd, 72 99 samt 76 stk., som ikke Ochsenheimeria kønsbestemtes. Arten synes at have bredt sig urel\a FR. i Danmark i dette århundrede. Det ældste sikre eksemplar er fra NEZ: Grib Skov ved Fredensborg, 1915 (B. G. Rye leg.). Nu er vacculella den almindeligste Ochsenheime­ ria-art i Danmark. Specielt i distrikterne F, LFM og SZ kan den optræde i stort antal. Den synes at være mere fatallig i de nordlige og vestlige distrikter, og den er som omtalt ovenfor ikke med sikkerhed fundet på Born­ holm. Møllene sidder ofte på hvide vægge el­ ler søger ind i lader og udhuse, hvor de op­ holder sig til langt hen på efteråret, og døde Fig. 3. Danske findesteder for Ochsenheimeria eksemplarer kan desuden stadig findes næste urella FR. 94 afgøre, om arten er indvandret til Danmark grebet og er ofte iagttaget her i Landet«. Den for nylig, eller om den blot har været over­ omstændighed, at de danske fund af taurella set. Et eksemplar fra 1929 fra NEJ: Allerup er af ældre dato, og at arten i vore omgivel­ Bakker, hvor de fleste danske urel/a er fan­ ser synes at være blevet sjældnere betyder, at get, tilhører mediopectinellus Hw. det ikke er helt usandsynligt, at det virkelig var taurella, der optrådte som skadedyr i O. mediopectinellus (Haworth, 1828) Danmark i forrige århundrede. Rostrup (birdella Curtis, 1831 ). Fig. 4. U n dersøgt 32 (1907) skriver videre: »l de senere Aar synes M, 15 'i?'i? fra Danmark. Først fundet på F: dette Angreb at være blevet mindre alminde­ Ølstedgård før 1875 (V. Strøm leg.). Arten ligt, ...«. Om denne tilbagegang skyldes er fundet spredt i alle distrikter med undta­ klimaændring eller ændrede dyrkningsfor­ gelse af Bornholm. Den synes dog at være mer, er uvist. De ovennævnte tre danske hyppigst mod vest og syd, hvilket er i over­ taurella er alle fundet af samlere, og der er ensstemmelse med artens samlede udbredel­ ikke bevaret et eneste eksemplar, der kan se. De fleste fund er enkeltfund, men arten dokumentere, at det virkelig var larven af ZOOLOGISK MUSEUM, KØBENHAVN Fig. 4. Danske findesteder for Ochsenheimeria Fig. 5. Danske findesteder for Ochsenheimeria mediopectinellus Hw. taurella Den. & Schiff. er dog enkelte gange fanget i lidt større antal. taurella, som Sofie Rostrup ofte iagttog (det­ Biotoperne er såvel tørre, græsklædte bakker te er venligst undersøgt af prof. Jørgen Jør­ som tørre partier af strandenge. gensen). O. taure/la (Denis & Schiffermiiller, Som nævnt ovenfor har bestemmelsen af 1775). Fig. 5. Undersøgt 3 deJ fra Danmark, vore Ochsenheimeria arter tidligere voldt så alle fra LFM: Nykøbing, 18.viii.1873, leg. store problemer, at vi i dag ikke kan forlade E. Benzon; Maribo ex la. 13.vii.1912, Tjørn os på oplysninger i litteraturen, der ikke kan (?), leg. H. P. S. Sønderup; Hannenov, verificeres ved belægseksemplarer. Dette er 28.vii.l948, leg. J. Lundqvist. Oplysningen mig derfor en kærkommen lejlighed til at om, at eksemplaret fra Maribo muligvis er opfordre alle entomologer, der publicerer klækket fra Tjørn, skyldes utvivlsomt en fejl. deres fund eller iagttagelser, til at sørge for Arten lever i stænglen af Rug (Secale) og at gemme dokumentationsmateriale og med­ måske andre græsser (Gallus, 1865). virke til, at dette bliver opbevaret for efterti­ På trods af, at der kun kendes tre danske den - helst i en offentlig tilgængelig samling. eksemplarer af taurella, har den ry af at være Udarbejdelsen af denne artikel har kun et skadedyr. Rostrup (1907) skriver om været mulig, fordi en række danske lepidop­ Stængelmøllet eller hvidaksmøllet: »Om terologer med sædvanlig velvilje har stillet Foraaret tager de atter fat paa deres Ødelæg• deres materiale til rådighed. Det er derfor gelsesværk, idet de vandrer fra den ene Plan­ med fornøjelse, at jeg takker: E. M. Ander­ te til den anden. Dette Foraarsangreb giver sen, Mesinge; O. Buhl, Odense; K. Greger­ sig tydeligere til Kende end Efteraarsan- sen, København; H. Hendriksen, Allerød; 95 P. L. Holst, Mariager; H. K. Jensen, Hyllin­ Gallus, [?], 1865: Zur Naturgeschichte der ge; K. Jensen, Mørkøv; B. Jørgensen, Få• Ochsenheimeria taurella Wien. Verz., eines der borg; G. Jørgensen, Sorø; J. Lundqvist, Hil­ Landwirthschaft schadlichen lnsects. - Stett. lerød; G. Pallesen, Beder; E. Palm, Føllens­ en t. Ztg. 26: 352-354. lev; E. Raid, København; U. Seneca, Ka­ Hedemann, W. v., 1894: Bidrag til Fortegnelsen over de i Danmark levende Microlepidoptera. - lundborg; K. Schnack, København; og P. Ent. Meddr (1. rk.) 4: 254-289. Skou, Svendborg. Endvidere ønsker jeg at Haas, A. B., 1874-75: Fortegnelse over de i Dan­ takke P. Esbjerg, Institut for Plantepatologi, mark levende Lepidoptera. - Naturhist Tidskr. Lyngby; J. Jørgensen, Den Kongelige Vete­ (3. rk.) 9: 377-567; IO: 1-56. rinær- og Landbohøjskole, København; N. Karsholt, O. & Larsen, K., 1984: Aterpia cortica­ P. Kristensen, Zoologisk Museum, Køben­ na (Den. & Schiff.) og andre sommerfugle meldt havn; E. S. Nielsen, CSIRO, Canberra, fra Ringedal på Bornholm (Lepidoptera). - Ent. Australien og Eivind Palm, Føllenslev for Meddr 52 (under udarbejdelse). oplysninger og anden hjælp i forbindelse Karsholt, O. & Nielsen, E. S., 1984: A taxonomic review of the Stem Moths, Ochsenheimeria med dette arbejde. Hiibner, of Northem Europe (Lepidoptera, Ochsenheimeriidae). - En t. Scand. I 5 (i tryk­ ken). Larsen, C. S., 1916: Fortegnelse over Danmark Litteratur [si c !] Microlepidoptera. - En t. Meddr 17: Davis, D. R., 1975: ReviewofOchsenheimeriidae 28-319. and the introduetion of the Cereal Stem Moth - 1927: Tillæg til Fortegnelse over Danmarks Ochsenheimeria vacculella into the United Sta­ Microlepidoptera.- En t.
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