Chapter 11 Intelligence

1. Binet- 1904 2. Define Intelligence 3. Intelligence Testing 4. Aptitude, Mental abilities 5. Validity and Reliability 6. Criterion Validity 7. Objective and Standardized Tests 8. 5 Aspects of Intelligence 9. Fluid Reasoning 10. Draw the Bell Curve 11. IQ tests (outline all aspects found in the text) 12. Quantitative Reasoning- 13. Visual-Spatial Processing 14. Working Memory 15. Mentally Gifted 16. Dr. Terman 17. Outline characteristics of successful students. (Pg. 411) 18. Which signs of giftedness are most important to you? 19. Autistic Savants 20. Outline key information regarding Mental Retardation 21. Profoundly, Severely, Mildly, Borderline retardation 22. Causes of Retardation 23. Familial, Organic, Fetal, Metabolic, Genetic Abnormalities 24. PKU 25. Microcephaly 26. Hydrocephaly 27. Cretinism 28. Down syndrome 29. Fragile X Syndrome 30. Which has more influence on intelligence heredity or Environment? 31. Eugenics 32. Tryon study 33. What do twin studies show? 34. What are some other factors of intelligence- Environment, Socio-Economic level, child development programs? 35. Intelligent information processing. 36. Multiple Intelligences 37. Howard Gardner

Testing Intelligence Stanford Binet Intelligence Scale 5th edition = SB5 SB5 takes 1 hour Can address- verbal intelligence, non-verbal intelligence, as well as the 5 cognitive factors Pg. 405 Five Aspects of Intelligence 1. Fluid Reasoning 2. Knowledge 3. Quantitative reasoning 4. Visual-Spatial reasoning 5. Working memory

Fluid Reasoning Use inductive reasoning – from specific to general Or Deductive reasoning- from general to the specific Example of question tasks- “how are an apple, a plum, and a banana, different from a beat?”

Other items- A. Complete a matrix of shapes that has one missing. B. Tell a story that explains what’s going on in a series of pictures.

Knowledge Assesses general information the test taker has acquired. Questions: General knowledge = “How many legs does a horse have? Vocabulary = Define the word cryptic Absurdities = What is wrong with this picture?”

Quantitative Reasoning- Measure a person’s ability to solve problems involving numbers. Questions emphasize practical problems vs mathematical knowledge Given the number 3, 6, 9, 12 what number would come next?

Visual-Spatial Processing Assesses someone’s ability to see patterns and relationships in visual displays Examples- putting picture puzzles together Working with geometric shapes Reproducing patterns of blocks

Working Memory Measures the ability o recall, sort, and apply information in short-term memory Remembering the order of colored beads on a stick Intelligence Quotients To accurately measure intelligence need to know Chronological age Mental age = (average intellectual performance)= level of age-ranked questions she or he can answer Example vocabulary word “Connection” certain % know this term Scores of many words similar can lead to an overall mental age can be identified.

IQ scores reflect a person’s education, maturity, and experience, as well as innate intelligence.” Pg 407 IQ = from dividing one number into another. MA X 100 = IQ MA divided by CA (chronological Age) multiplied by 100 = IQ CA

When mental age and chronological age is the same or similar = normal intelligence 100 or near… Average = 90-109 intelligence

When the mental age is higher than the chronological age- intelligence is higher

Modern IQ scores are based on “Deviation Scores= based on a person’s relative standing in his or her age group.” Which tell how far above or below average a person’s scores fall.

IQ doesn’t really change after age 16, except, when strong stimulation is present IQ seems to increase,… or when alcoholism or drug use causes a decline