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In the Shadow of Vienna. Poland's Crisis in the Second Half of the 17Th

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In the Shadow of Vienna. Poland's Crisis in the Second Half of the 17Th In the shadow of Vienna. Poland’s crisis in the second half of the 17th century In the shadow of Vienna. Poland’s crisis in the second half of the 17th century Lesson plan (Polish) Lesson plan (English) In the shadow of Vienna. Poland’s crisis in the second half of the 17th century The Bale of Vienna – a bale on the outskirts of Vienna. In the background you can see how, despite the approaching relief and the disastrous situaon of the Turkish army, the Janissaries are sll storming the city walls Source: Oblężenie i odsiecz wiedeńska, domena publiczna. Link to the lesson You will learn about the consequences of Poland’s wars in the 17th century; what happened in the years: 1654, 1655, 1660, 1667, 1668, 1672, 1672, and 1683; about the consequences of the war between Poland and Turkey. Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie abstraktu Poland’s wars in the 17th century led to the collapse of the position of the Polish state on the international arena. They led to the destruction of the country’s economy. A significant part of the country was destroyed. Urban and rural economy deteriorated. Many cultural goods were stolen. The Polish population decreased. The State Treasury was empty. The dramatic situation of the Treasury and the state led to the weakening of the royal power. On the other hand, the significance of [magnates]pojecie‐ref={Magnates} increased. The Sejm, the most important national body of Poland, without which nothing could be done in the state, was being paralyzed by the use of the liberum veto rule. It was first used by Lithuanian Member of the Sejm Władysław Siciński in 1652. There was more and more chaos in the country. In 1654–1667, the Polish‐Russian war took place provoked by the Treaty of Pereyaslav, by virtue of which Ukraine found itself under the rule of the Tsar. The Russian army entered Lithuania and Ukraine. In 1655, Poles, supported by the Tatars with whom they had an alliance, won the Battle of Okhmativ. When the Swedish Deluge began, the Russians withdrew from Poland. The Polish‐Russian war resumed in 1660. That same year, Stefan Czarniecki won the Battle of Polonka, while Stanisław Potocki and Jerzy Lubomirski – the Battle of Chudnov. The royal troops pushed the Russians out of Lithuania. The war ended in 1667 with the Truce of Andrusovo. At the same time, in Poland there was a rebellion. Jerzy Lubomirski opposed the plans of the court, which wanted to organize an election with the king still living (vivente rege). He headed the Sejm opposition. He opposed the strengthening of royal power and political reforms, defending the golden freedom of the nobility. Soon, a civil war broke out. Lubomirski defeated the royal troops near Częstochowa and Mątwy. He was accused of inciting the army to rebel, and sentenced by a court of law to banishment and confiscation of property. Lubomirski’s Rebellion prevented any possible reformation of the political system in Poland. In 1668, John II Casimir abdicated and emigrated to France. The nobility elected the new king – Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki (Michael I). He reigned for a short time, only five years, during which the position of magnates was strengthened. Magnates, in turn, made it difficult for him to exercise power. The second half of the 17th century also saw further wars between Poland and Turkey. In 1672, Turkey attacked Kamianets‐Podilskyi. The unprepared Polish‐Lithuanian state had to sign a truce in Buchach, by virtue of which Poland lost Podolia and Ukraine, and had to pay tribute to Turkey. Due to this situation, the Sejm passed a new tax for the army. Forces were mobilized, which resulted in the victory of Jan Sobieski in the Battle of Khotyn. Unfortunately, this victory was not taken advantage of, because the nobility went for a free election after Wiśniowiecki’s death. John III Sobieski was proclaimed king. However, the war with Turkey continued. Unfortunately, Poland carried out only defensive actions. In 1676, the Treaty of Żurawno was signed, which confirmed the incorporation of Podolia and Ukraine into Turkey. In 1675, Sobieski and the king of France concluded a treaty in Jaworzno directed against Brandenburg. It was to lead Poland to getting back the Duchy of Prussia. In 1683, Sobieski withdrew from the treaty with France in favor of a treaty signed with Austria. The combined Polish, Imperial, and Reich dukes’ forces defeated the army of vizier Kara Mustafa in the Battle of Vienna. In 1684, the Holy League was established – an alliance among Poland, Austria, Venice, and the papacy, against Turkey. The Polish‐Turkish wars ended with the Treaty of Karlowitz, by virtue of which the Polish‐Lithuanian state regained Podolia with Kamianets as well as the left‐bank Ukraine. Task 1 In which year Stefan Czarniecki won under Połonka? Hetman Stefan Czarniecki on the balefield. Source: January Suchodolski, domena publiczna. Task 2 Which leaders won the bale of Cudnow? Engraving, unknown author, presenng the bale of Cudnow in 1660 ("Przegląd Historyczno-Wojskowy" 1929, T. 1, book 2) Source: a. nn., domena publiczna. Task 3 Based on what you have learned as well as available sources, carry out a SWOT analysis for John II Casimir’s decision to abdicate. Strengths Weaknesses Opportunies Threats Task 4 What areas of Poland were lost as a result of the truce in Andruszów? Commonwealth in 1667 - effects of the Andruszowa truce. Lands of the Commonwealth lost to the Russian Tsar under this truce are marked in the dark green colour.. Source: a. nn., domena publiczna. Exercise 1 Match the terms to the definions. the punishment of exile., elecon of a new king during the lifeme of the previous monarch., forced contribuon or ransom paid by the party that lost the war., the highest layer of the nobility., a convenon of the nobility or its armed revolt against the king in order to protect the former’s privileges., [Lan for ‘free veto’] – the name of the rule that allows each member of the Sejm to force an immediate end to the current session and to nullify any legislaon that has already been passed at the session. Banishment Tribute Liberum veto Magnates Rebellion Vivente rege Task 5 Discuss the terms of the Buczacz treaty. As a result of which events it was concluded? Commonwealth aer the Treaty in Buczacz Source: Mathiasrex, Wikimedia Commons, licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0. Keywords Banishment, tribute, liberum veto, magnates Glossary Banishment Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie słówka: Banishment Banicja – kara wygnania. Tribute Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie słówka: Tribute Haracz – kontrybucja lub okup, płacony przez stronę, która przegrała wojnę. Liberum veto Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie słówka: Liberum veto Liberum veto – [łac., „wolne nie pozwalam”], nazwa zasady pozwalającej każdemu posłowi na zerwanie obrad sejmu i unieważnienie wszystkich jego uchwał. Magnates Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie słówka: Magnates Magnaci – najwyższa warstwa stanu szlacheckiego. Rebellion Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie słówka: Rebellion Rokosz – zjazd szlachty lub jej zbrojne wystąpienie wymierzone przeciw królowi, mające na celu ochronę przywilejów. Vivente rege Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie słówka: Vivente rege Vivente rege – elekcja nowego króla, odbywająca się za życia poprzedniego monarchy. Lesson plan (Polish) Temat: W cieniu Wiednia. Kryzys Rzeczypospolitej w II połowie XVII wieku Adresat Uczniowie klasy VI szkoły podstawowej Podstawa programowa XI. Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów i jej sąsiedzi w XVII wieku. Uczeń: 4) sytuuje w czasie, lokalizuje i omawia najważniejsze bitwy w XVII wieku; 5) dokonuje oceny następstw politycznych, społecznych i gospodarczych wojen w XVII wieku; Ogólny cel kształcenia Uczeń dowie się o podstawowych zagadnieniach na temat Kryzysu Rzeczypospolitej w II połowie XVII wieku. Kompetencje kluczowe porozumiewanie się w językach obcych; kompetencje informatyczne; umiejętność uczenia się. Kryteria sukcesu Uczeń nauczy się: jakie były skutki wojen Rzeczypospolitej w XVII wieku; co wydarzyło się w latach: 1654, 1655, 1660, 1667, 1668, 1672, 1672, 1683; jakie były skutki wojny Polski z Turcją. Metody/techniki kształcenia podające pogadanka. aktywizujące dyskusja. programowane z użyciem komputera; z użyciem e‐podręcznika. praktyczne ćwiczeń przedmiotowych. Formy pracy praca indywidualna; praca w parach; praca w grupach; praca całego zespołu klasowego. Środki dydaktyczne e‐podręcznik; zeszyt i kredki lub pisaki; tablica interaktywna, tablety/komputery. Przebieg zajęć Faza wstępna 1. Prowadzący lekcję podaje temat lekcji, określa cel zajęć i wspólnie z uczniami ustala kryteria sukcesu. 2. Nauczyciel odtwarza nagranie abstraktu. Co jakiś czas zatrzymuje je, prosząc uczniów, by opowiedzieli własnymi słowami to, co przed chwilą usłyszeli. W ten sposób uczniowie ćwiczą słuchanie ze zrozumieniem. Faza realizacyjna 1. Lektura treści abstraktu. Nauczyciel wykorzystuje tekst do pracy indywidualnej lub w parach według następujących kroków: 1) pobieżne przejrzenie tekstu, 2) postawienie pytań, 3) dokładne czytanie, 4) streszczenie poszczególnych części tekstu, 5) powtórzenie treści lub przeczytanie całego tekstu. 2. Uczniowie analizują ilustrację i wykonują Polecenie 1 i Polecenie 2. Aby odpowiedzieć na pytanie, mogą korzystać ze źródeł internetowych lub innych publikacji. Nauczyciel sprawdza poprawność odpowiedzi i udziela uczniom informacji zwrotnej. 3. Analiza SWOT. Nauczyciel dzieli klasę na cztery grupy i informuje, że zadaniem
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