Tooth Wear Literature Index

Tooth Wear Literature Index – Opposing Views

Author Date Publication Title Point 1 Point 2 Point 3 STALLARD 1963, Nov, pp DCNA – Occlusal What Kind of THE PROBLEM How the teeth close is The occlusion built HARVEY, 591 – 606, 01 Rehabilitation Occlusion Should important to the should be such that it PhD., Recusped Teeth be Putting prosthetic periodontium, to the will make happy, D.D.S., Given? cusps upon injured or mandibular joints, to the healthy relations AND worn teeth so that the jaw and throat muscles, to between the dentition STUART, dentition will be the tongue, to the cheeks, and the rest of the CHARLES restored to function is to the lips, and to the gnathic organism. E., D.D.S. a difficult task. It is a nerves that help the Much misery has come serious problem to muscles automate the many to patients whose change the occlusion gnathic functions. restored occlusion was of a patient. The not organically fit for technique is tedious them. To have a good and exacting because occlusion, the cusps the dentition must be must be workable yet well related to allow the muscles of structures of the the gnathic organism cranium, face, and to rest. neck. STALLARD 1963, Nov, pp DESCRIPTION OF It is hard to give the 2. All the lower teeth close 5. The fit of the cusps HARVEY, 591 – 606, 02 THE OCCLUSION kind of occlusion the evenly against the upper in fossae should be PhD., RECOMMENDED writers are here teeth at the same time such that the lower D.D.S., recommending a about the transverse inter- teeth reach centric AND Prosthodontic thinking specific or condylar axis when it is in closure and come to STUART, has made it necessary descriptive name; its rearmost position. dead stops without any CHARLES to treat occlusion as hence, it is necessary 3. In the lateral diagnostic slidings beyond or E., D.D.S though it were a genus to list its main positions of the jaw only without having which has many species features below: the opposing cuspids make skidded on opposing of closures. Balanced 1. Each upper lingual contacts. In the latero- teeth on the way. occlusion, functional cusp occludes in a protrusive diagnostic test 6. The plural cusped occlusion, centric fossa of its lower positions the lateral teeth make occlusal occlusion, eccentric fellow. Each lower incisors may also enter into contacts in the occlusion, etc., are buccal cusp occludes contacts along with the centrically related

Opposing Views Page 1 of 14 specific closures. The in a fossa of its upper cuspids. closure but none in the early orthodontists used fellow. The lower 4. In the pure protrusive eccentric jaw positions. occlusion to mean the cuspids and the lower diagnostic closure the 7.The multicusped normal closure of teeth. incisors occlude in lower six anterior teeth teeth are arranged by If the closure was the fossae of upper make contacts with the occlusion and abnormal, they called it cuspids and upper upper incisors; and, the alignments so that the malocclusion. But incisors, respectively. lower first premolars’ lower lingual marginal today we must use an buccal cusps may touch the occlusal edges and the adjective with tips of the upper cuspids. upper buccal marginal occlusion to give it occlusal edges have no meaning. contacts in the centric closure or in the eccentric positions of the mandible during the chewing strokes.

STALLARD 1963, Nov, pp PREVIOUS Cusp-fossa occlusion The belief that cuspids herd Previous Ideas About HARVEY, 591 – 606, 03 OBSERVATIONS ON was described long the closure of the rear teeth Excursive Freedom PhD., OCCLUSAL ago (?, 1900, 63 was stated by Balkwill in D.D.S., DETAILS years and only about 1865. Balkwill alluded to The belief that lower AND 30 years before they cuspids as guideposts. The incisors in complete STUART, Centrically related started their studies, usualness with which dentures should not CHARLES intercusping of teeth not so long ago - rgp) cuspids were found make occlusal contacts E., D.D.S has been regarded by Black6. The obstructing lateral in centric closure is essential in details of cusp-fossa enmeshments of buccal old. This idea has been coordinating cusps. The occlusion were first cusps was noted even by applied to incisors in ways cusps may deflect well illustrated by von Spee.14 It seems that natural dentitions the direction of jaw Friel. Shaw was first to declare when the occlusal closure were first The mechanical that cuspids should prevent vertical dimension has demonstrated in advantages of having lateral meshing of the been increased. mounted casts by all teeth make buccal cusps. So far as the Leaving incisors out of Schuyler.” occlusal contacts in a writers can learn, Spencer centric contacts allows mid-face closure but B. Atkinson (1925) was a protrusive excursion having few occlude first to state and give proof in the cusped teeth in the eccentric jaw that cuspids protect the because the vertical closures were first other buccal cusps.2 overlap of the incisors emphasized by has been negated.

Opposing Views Page 2 of 14 Shaw.12 Similarly it is assumed that centrically occluded cuspids will do harm by “interlocking the bite”. Leaving cuspids out of centric occlusal contacts negates their vertical overlap and permits lateral excursion of the crimped teeth before disclusion (disocclusion) begins.

STALLARD 1963, Nov, pp Negating the vertical Before accurate To assure the Disclusion (Stallard). A Previous Concept on HARVEY, 591 – 606, 04 overlap of cuspids mounting instruments mandible freedom the separation of the teeth from Occlusal Anatomy PhD., and incisors to allow were available and cusp points are set occlusion; the opposite of D.D.S., or accompany before the methods of and shaped to run in occlusion. Chewing is a Early in this century J. AND horizontal eccentric taking interocclusal grooves without reciprocal motion Lowe Young23 STUART, excursions is a records were refined contacts in the consisting of occluding and advocated putting into CHARLES remnant of the the writers conceded eccentric excursive discluding. Morphologic occlusal restorations E., D.D.S principles of von that a centric zone of movements. The disclusion is synonymous the ridge and groove Spee. It is in line occlusion was eminences in front of with open bite. Physiologic patterns that molars with the belief that allowable. Since the the condyles compel disclusion is ordinary have at eruption. chewing is a chewing cycle is and should compel separation of the opposing Young’s ideal has now horizontal rubbing of vertical and since we disclusion of the rear teeth to admit food become commonplace food between the can now mount casts teeth. These between the teeth. practice by Peter K. teeth. Therefore, to accurately, a zonal excursions, however, Thomas2° and many of make the horizontal centric is neither are used as diagnostic his students (Fig. 1). rubbing easier no necessary nor movements made in They are able to do most-closed position advisable. The allowing the mouth or on this because they have of the teeth is of cusps to skate about articulators. “deciphered the provided to match before the cuspids and In balancing an alphabet” of occlusion centric relation. But incisors compel occlusion excursions and mastered its “zonal centricity” is disclusion was justified were made to see that elements. These words provided. This fear in the days of the multicusped teeth were borrowed from

Opposing Views Page 3 of 14 of interlocking of inaccuracy. The writers made contacts Shaw, as can be seen cusps dates back to have held that each eccentrically. In the from the quote below: von Spec, who mandibular cusp should occlusion herein “The writing cut with suggested grinding reach its highest closure recommended the such precision upon off the cuspids and at its own definite excursions are made the complex patterns incisors to make the centric relation point. to see that of teeth may indeed be excursion easier That is the end point of multicusped teeth hieroglyphics, but, its chewing cycle. To make no contacts even so, it was surely commence a new except in centric no random and chewing stroke the occlusion. This meaningless scribbling. mandible will drop arrangement does not More probably it was a downward, then move and cannot make an real organic language laterally to rearrange interlocked in which the principles the food. occlusion, because at of tooth design and the least lateral or mechanism were protrusive movement inscribed, and we of the mandible it might yet succeed in opens. deciphering it if first we took pains to learn its dynamic alphabet and master the elements.”

STALLARD 1963, Nov, pp Some of the letters The shearing principle Previous Ideas on Some waggish statement Previous Thoughts on HARVEY, 591 – 606, 05 of the dynamic is widely exemplified Importance of has been made that teeth in Musculocondylar PhD., alphabet are in the in mammalian Disclusion the healthy do everything Relations D.D.S., condylar horizontal dentitions. This possible to keep from AND determinants of ridge principle should be The constancy of contacting their opponents. In building or STUART, and groove used in restorations of maximum occlusal When the jaw is resting the arranging occlusal CHARLES directions. Several of human plural-cusped contacts is sought for teeth are discluded. Quiet elements the E., D.D.S these letters are in teeth. The molars have balanced occlusion in mouths make occlusal intercusping of teeth the odontocondylar incisive edges and the eccentric contacts infrequently and must be related to determinants of cusp ridges which excursions. In the then not very firmly. centric relation, as we heights and fossa comminute food as if occlusion Shaw During chewing the food have seen. But occlusal depths. These they were small regarded as desirable, cushions the contacts. elements to have determinants are incisors. Chewing by disclusion organic relations must taken from the molars is ‘multiple predominates except Teeth do their work on the be related as well with

Opposing Views Page 4 of 14 patient by the incising.’5 What is in centric closure. way to occlusion. the horizontal instrumental sought in most The task in restoring Occlusion is the end of a activities of the examination of his mechanical shearing is occlusion is to make chewing stroke. How well mandible, which, for mandibular a maximum cutting disclusion orderly teeth are related on their purposes of discussion, movements and they with a minimum of and so measured that way to occlusion is what may be called are stored in the metal contact of edges. opposing blades can makes them fitted for their horizontal relations. A controls of an From 1914 on Shaw pass closely by and purposes. Therefore, it is third set of relations articulator. The taught that the shear cut the food important to give them need to be satisfied elements are the principle is the efficiently. proper relations just before before an occlusion is cusps, their surfaces, “dominating character they occlude. We have to fully organic. The their ridges, and the and functional value in consult their occlusion to vertical relations must grooves and fossae mammalian dentitions.” see how well they are be satisfied, both the between them. related in their chewing static and the dynamic. relations. Occlusion of a dentition is a diagnostic relation. STALLARD 1963, Nov, pp Von Spee, Monson,5 Wadsworth used this Previous Notices of It is known that the leveler Previous Attitudes on HARVEY, 591 – 606, 06 and Wadsworths22 principle as a means of Occlusal Plane the occlusal plane the Vertical Relations PhD., were interested in a surveying the space Relations higher the cusps may be D.D.S., combination relation between toothless and the deeper may be the When centric relation AND between the occlusal ridges. He could do this From the standpoint fossae.18 Thus, it is not had spotlight attention, STUART, curves and the curve surveying because he of theoretical necessary to change it was thought to be the CHARLES of the eminences. gave a third dimension mechanical relations, vertical dimensions to only requirement for E., D.D.S Von Spee believed to the mounting of the it has been shown, make the cuspal curve stable cusp occlusion. that the evident upper cast. the same teeth can be become a continuation of From Wadsworth’s anteroposterior The work done by articulated at various the contour of the time till now some curves of the cusps McCollum and the occlusal plane levels eminences, nor is it clinicians have and the cuspless writers disclosed a and cants to suit necessary to change the believed that the teeth should be a number of facts about various condyle path vertical dimensions to occlusal vertical continuation of the the contours of the slants and condyle make taller cusps and dimensions can be arc of the eminence. eminences so that it curvatures. The deeper fossae. Much can be increased with Monson and Wilson became conclusively adjustability stems done to suit cusp heights by impunity, if done on (George H. Wilson, evident that the cuspal from corresponding changing the curvature of centric relation, but the dentist after curves need not be changes in the the cuspal curve and the the emphasis upon whom the “Wilson continuations of the curvature of the inclination of its chord, the mandibular rest curve” was named) contours of the cuspal curves.’5 occlusal plane. position and the rest believed that the eminences.15 The Hence, given tooth vertical dimension by

Opposing Views Page 5 of 14 anteroposterior condyle paths vary in forms do not call for Thompson21 has been a curves and also the length, slant, and a given curvature in warning against over- transverse curves of character. They may be the cuspal curves. stuffing the the cusps should straight lines, or either interocclusal space agree with the gentle or acute curves. with gold. respective curvatures They vary much in their of the eminences. slant away from the Numerous myographic Wadsworth provided ear-eye plane. It would reports have shown a way on his be impossible in many how disturbed muscles articulator to locate cases and impractical in become when the the arc of the most conditions of occlusal vertical eminence and natural teeth to restore dimension is made continue it as a the occlusal elements as equal to or more than cuspal curve either if the curves of cusps the rest vertical anteroposteriorly or are continuations of the dimension. transversely. contours of the eminences.

STALLARD 1963, Nov, pp Former Attempts to Tooth manufacturers This is done to make THE NECESSITY FOR In such a “tooth-to- HARVEY, 591 – 606, 07 Stereotype Patterns have stereotyped tooth balancers of the VARIATIONS two-tooth” relation the PhD., forms by making cusps plural cusped teeth. Exemplary natural mesiobuccal cusps of D.D.S., From time to time in have a specified pitch. Such grindings too dentitions vary widely in the lower molars and AND dental history They have made the often make an many features: in arch the buccal cusps of the STUART, students of tooth cusps of the second unhappy dentition. width, in arch length, in the lower premolars would CHARLES arrangements have molars have the same But on the other curvatures of their cuspal occlude their tips in E., D.D.S stereotyped their pitch that the cusps of hand, if the pin- curves, in the slant of their the embrasures but occlusal pattern the first molars have. anchored gold lug put occlusal plane, in tooth their shoulders in concepts, as though They have given the upon the cuspid is postures, in face and fossae. Only the molar the same occlusal same pitch to the cusps convex and not cranial relations, in distobuccal and distal dimensions could be of the premolars and concave in outline, it dentolabial relations, and in cusps would have cusp- used by all patients. they have believed the may be equally the details of tip-fossa occlusion. The Monson’s template pitch of the cuspid’s dysphoric. It is intercuspation. It is easier upper lingual cusps of made from a portion cusp should be the probably logical to to work out a cusp-fossa the dentition would of the surface of a guide for all the buccal assume that the relation in an occlusion in keep their fossa four-inch sphere was cusps. Stuart17 stresses pitches of restored which each plural-cusped occlusion. The upper most typical. This how individualistic cusps should depend tooth has but one premolar lingual cusps template was to be each cusp of a dentition upon the horizontal antagonist, but it is not would occlude in the

Opposing Views Page 6 of 14 placed upon the wax is. Cusps may look and vertical considered abnormal if same fossae, but their occlusion rim to alike but their slopes determinants of cusp each buccal tooth occludes posterior shoulders shape it properly to vary widely in contour forms and heights with two opponents. would occlude in fossae guide setting up the and pitch. found in the patient. of teeth to their rear. maxillary cusps. A In the same dentition Each cusp is The mesiolingual cusps few orthodontists the cusps of second individualistic in of the upper molars have used Pont’s molars have pitches matching the would occlude their index materialized differing from those of dynamics tips more distal in the into celluloid guide first molar cusps. The determining its fossae of their plates to determine pitches of the premolar height, slopes, and antagonists, and the how wide to make a cusps are not those of ridges. distolingual cusps of dental arch with molar cusps. The pitch the upper molars given front teeth. of the cuspid differs would occlude their Many orthodontists from that of any other tips in the mesial are using formulas buccal cusps (Stuart fossae of the teeth to prescribing in and Ayres). A bad their rear. degrees how front procedure in teeth shall stand in equilibrating a dentition relation to some is to change the pitch of facial line or to some the cuspid1 so that it adopted plane of the will fit the pitches of mandible. the buccal teeth and not disclude the other teeth in the lateral diagnostic excursions (Fig. 2). STALLARD 1963, Nov, pp Any pattern of Simon13 recognized JUSTIFICATION Endodontal Relations Periodontal Relations HARVEY, 591 – 606, 08 occlusion that three categories of FOR AN The pulp of a tooth is an Occlusion should PhD., tolerates no dentolabial relations. OCCLUSION alarm organ. It reports satisfy periodontal D.D.S., variations in details Though Simon nothing but pain. It gives relations. These AND and relations is recognized three The kind of occlusion no directions for relations may be STUART, impossible. But the different positions of a patient should have automation. Scientists have divided into two CHARLES variations of a the canines in their can be justified only not proved that the pulp categories, local and E., D.D.S pattern of occlusion relation to the orbital by how well it promotes the tooth’s general. range well within the plane, he regarded only subscribes to continued eruption after the The local periodontal scope of a code of one as desirable. He physiologic root is formed. Constant7 relations include the principles. thought the canines principles. stated that the pulp has effect of the occlusion Therefore, the should have their long Conformation to something to do with upon the gingivae. The

Opposing Views Page 7 of 14 principles of a axes in the orbital principles is eruption, because he saw ridge relation of the pattern are basic. plane. By such measurable by how how in an adolescent occlusion should Variation is indexical thinking he well the occlusion dentition a pulpless tooth prevent food necessary to tried to stereotype the satisfies the five erupts not at all or slower impactions between accommodate a relation of the dentition relations a dentition than neighboring vital teeth. The mesial and dentition’s occlusal to the jaws and thence has with the other teeth. Orthodontists prefer the distal occlusal elements to the to the face and cranium. parts of the gnathic to deal with teeth that have marginal ridges should divergences system. These living insides. Likewise the cut the food so well occurring in major Since the teeth are jaw- relations may be prosthodontist prefers to that no chunks form intergnathic connected by the classified as save the pulps. He prepares near the divisions relations, such as periodontium, Simon endodontal, the teeth conservatively to between neighboring centric, horizontal, classified the alveolar periodontal, preserve the pulps. He teeth to be wadded and vertical. process forms and musculocondylar, nurses the pulps back to interproximally. relations into three buccolingual, and comfort before cementing Variations between categories: retracted, labiolingual. the restorations tooth alignments and “normal,” and permanently. Nothing else the lip, cheek, and protracted. From the cripples a dentition so tongue relations are standpoint of looks much or decycles the recognized but as yet Simon believed that the chewing rhythm so fully as cannot be objectified orthognathic face and oversensitive pulps. Hence, so well by whatever relations go occlusion should not be instruments. with it are preferred. painful to the pulps

STALLARD 1963, Nov, pp The general relations Ideal occlusal Musculocondylar Centric relation the Mandibular centric HARVEY, 591 – 606, 09 between the periodontal relations Relations Determinant of relation is regarded PhD., dentition and its put no horizontal The musculocondylar Intercusping. primarily as a D.D.S., periodontium are stresses upon the dental relations can best be The best occlusion is best determinant of AND viewed by seeing ligaments because hard discussed under three arranged to cooperate with intercusping and STUART, how the occlusal contact is made only headings: centric, the muscles and condyles interblading of teeth, CHARLES surfaces direct and when the stamp cusps horizontal, and of the mandible. The but it is also a E., D.D.S distribute the closure are traveling in vertical vertical relations. All craniomandibular muscles determinant of the forces. Properly directions. The occlusal of these relations are operate the lower jaw. orderly disclusion that occluded cusps do arranger fits the ridge- determinants of They also operate the goes with good not deflect or guide groove directions as important occlusal condyles in more limited occlusion. The muscles the cycling closure perfectly as he can, as if features. Centric space than they do the operating the mandible direction of the there were no relation is the tooth-bearing part of the disclude as well as mandible. proprioceptive impulses determinant of mandible. These muscles occlude the teeth while

Opposing Views Page 8 of 14 Specifically, cusps possible from the intercusping and move the condyles about in shuttling and rotating should neither periodontal ligaments. interblading of teeth. ligament-limited space but the condyles. Muscular lateralize nor He may not be aware Horizontal relations carry the teeth in wider discluding actions anteriorize the jaw that new engrams may are the determinants limits because they rotate separate the jaws to closure position. A develop to make it of ridge and groove the mandible around axes get food between them. fossa receiving a possible to use poorly directions. Vertical passing through the These muscles seek stamp cusp should be occluded teeth. relation is regarded condyles. The rotations are their rest during nearly midway However, the best as the occlusal limited but in both slidings disclusion. Many of between the buccal automation can come vertical and the rest and rotations the these fibers hold the and lingual cusps of when supplied the best vertical dimension. movements of the teeth are condyles against the the tooth. This fit of mechanics. All posture These are the static sufficient. eminences throughout cusp and fossa is neuromuscularly aspects of vertical The condyle movements all condyle operations. causes the stamping controlled, but the best relation. Since we are are rather accurate—not so If the condyles are strokes to be aligned postural mechanics dealing with moving accurate as rigidly carried down the slope, with the long axes of furnishes the best teeth that are parts of machined tools, but since this action discludes the roots and near automation. the vertical the joints last lifetime they the teeth. Hence, to the middle of the dimension, we must merit respect as tools. A begin arranging in tooth. A stamp cusp deal with cusp good occlusion should help orderly manner the should be carried heights and fossa the teeth last just as long. right kind of into its fossa and out depths. The The first sign of cusp or disclusion, centric of it without striking determinants of these blade wear is seen in teeth relation is the starting its fellow opponent are in the inclines of that deflect the jaw closure point. For, if we start except in centric the eminences and movement or in some other intercusping teeth on closure. the overlaps of the way prevent the other teeth an axis that is part way incisors and cuspids. from going in the way that down the slopes of the These the muscles try to move the eminences, then we odontocondylar condyles. This is tooth have lost all possibility determinants may be guidance. of relating the teeth regarded as dynamic Tooth guidance can be horizontally or factors since the eliminated by intercusping vertically. heights of cusps and the teeth on the closing axis depths of fossae are when it is rearmost and in The best occlusion for measured during the arranging the cusps so that a dentition, well excursive movements they do not guide the cyclic anchored of the mandible. movements used in periodontally, will best chewing. tend to keep its centrically related

Opposing Views Page 9 of 14 intercuspations. An occlusion that permits or encourages rapid wearing of the plural- cusped teeth will soon produce in them unevennesses that become deflectors of jaw closure. Hence, it is all-important to build with an occlusion the most orderly disclusion for the horizontal movements.

STALLARD 1963, Nov, pp Horizontal Relations, The minimizing of The cutting done by The same principle is true The directions of the HARVEY, 591 – 606, 10 Determinants of occlusal contacts as the teeth is more like the for scissors made of cusps. working grooves in PhD., Ridge and Groove jaw leaves centric cutting done by The mandibular buccal which the cusps glide D.D.S., Directions. position is desired: shears than any other cusps and the maxillary (not slide) to centric AND Diagnostic tests of (1)Because teeth are common instrument. lingual cusps are stamp contacts are STUART, horizontal relations modified and grouped It is easier for an cusps. The mandibular determined by two CHARLES are made by for different tasks. This artificer to put the lingual cusps and the static relations and E., D.D.S inducing the patient minimizing of contacts blades of a pair of maxillary buccal cusps are three dynamic factors. to make lateral and allows teeth to act scissors tightly shear cusps (this requires a The static relations are protrusive freely as specialized together by a rivet ‘close’ contact on the non- (1) position of the cusp excursions. Of groups. and keep maximum functional side, in fact, a in the face, and (2) its course, patients don’t (2)Because chewing is surface contacts than shearing motion of stroke distance from the make such vertical near the centric to make the scissors contact – rgp). It is more rotating axes (vertical movements in impacts. Lateral and have no edge difficult to arrange close and sagittal). If the chewing: they, too, protrusive movements contacts but have the shearing relations between working condyle’s axes make them for self- are made to handle the edges pass closely by stamp and shear cusps in a stood in one place, the diagnosing. The food and bring it each other in the no-contact passing than in grooves would be dentist causes these properly between the closure. But the latter a ramping sliding relation. simple arcs of circles movements to be teeth. relation of blades Making the near contact depending in made to note the (3)Because chewing by makes a better pair of glide-bys of the occlusal curvature upon their continuation of the plural-cusped teeth scissors, one that will marginal edges is exacting. radial distances. But occlusion in consists mainly of cut well and not wear Making the sudden ridge the working condyle

Opposing Views Page 10 of 14 horizontal strokes. multiple incising. It is rapidly. (You have to contact of the stamp cusp laterotrudes in various The balancers of not razor-edged be joking. Shears with the perimeter of the ways and directions. occlusion want to incising but much like that don’t touch cut fossa is equally exacting. The modifications in have maximum incising done by incisor better!!! - rgp) Each point of contact in the the working grooves occlusal contacts teeth. occlusion must coincide depend upon how throughout the (4)Because eliminating with its exact centric much laterotrusion excursions. Your sliding contacts reduces relation point. (And this is occurs, when it begins, writers want a the rapidity of going to be stable? - rgp) and whether it is minimum area of inevitable wear. accompanied by contacts even in the (5)Because lateral retrusion or anterior teeth during stresses should be protrusion. these excursive discouraged and diagnostic tests. vertical stresses should be encouraged.

STALLARD 1963, Nov, pp Vertical Relations, In pure protrusion the Buccolingual SUMMARY OF 4. Balanced occlusion HARVEY, 591 – 606, 11 Determinants of slopes of both Relations PRINCIPLES PROPOSED provides for no PhD., Cusp Heights and eminences and the The term disclusion in the D.D.S., Fossa Depths. vertical overlaps of the “buccolingual To make clear how widely excursive tests. It AND A discussion of incisors determine the relations” refers to the theory of organic would seem to lend STUART, vertical relations disclusive distances how the cheek and occlusion diverges from the itself to overfilling the CHARLES falls under two major between the excursing tongue can work with theory of balanced interocclusal space and E., D.D.S topics: vertical teeth. In lateral the teeth without occlusion, it might be interfering with the dimensions and excursive movements getting caught useful to summarize a rest position of the dynamic discluded the slant of the between the closures. comparison of some of mandible. Organic intercuspings. We eminence of the Patients given their principles. occlusion provides for need not discuss here orbiting condyle and balanced occlusion 1. The balanced occlusions disclusion of the vertical dimensions the overlap of the often need to acquire used are premised upon the plural-cusped teeth in because the cuspid across median new chewing skills to belief that the diagnostic all excursive occlusion most fit for plane determine the prevent biting their excursive and incursive movements. It provides a patient will not distances between the tongues and cheeks. tooth movements are for disclusion of the trespass upon the excursing teeth on the Much of this is chewing movements. incisors in lateral given vertical idling side of the avoided in organic Organic occlusion is movements, and it dimensions. If we dentition. But on the occlusion by premised upon the fact that practically provides pay enough attention working side the excu- contouring properly chewing is more vertical for cuspid disclusion in to the disclusive sive disclusion is the stamp cusps and than lateral. the pure edge-to-edge factors, namely, the effected by the vertical by providing suitable 2. Conversational protrusive diagnostic

Opposing Views Page 11 of 14 slants of the trend of the occlusal marginal advocates of balanced position. eminences and the laterotruding condyle edge interglidings occlusion claim that centric 5. Balanced occlusion overlaps of the and by the overlap of between stamp and occlusion is not the end of provides poorly for anterior teeth, we the near cuspid. Thus, shear cusps. a chewing stroke, but group usage of the shall not overfill the we see that the cuspid merely the point where the teeth. Organic interocclusal space. overlap is important as Labiolingual stroke changes its occlusion is premised We need to heed the a discluder of teeth in Relations directions laterally and upon the fact that teeth eminence slants the lateral movements. “Labiolingual vertically. If the stroke is are specialized and affecting medio and Cuspids may be relations” refers to going from right to centric, should be used in laterotrusion, for considered how the lips and the when the cusp point groups during they differ from the mechanically as tongue can cooperate reaches its centric relation, eccentric chewing or anteroposterior incisors that are with the teeth. This is it is claimed, the cusp point altogether in centric slants. The character adapted to serve at the an old subject in starts leftward and closure. of the laterotrusion corners of the dentition. prosthetics. In downward. Organic 6. Balanced occlusion may have profound Cuspids disclude not rehabilitating occlusion is postulated has built-in mechanics effect not only upon only the plural-cusped diseased, injured, or upon physiologic claims of wear. Organic cusp heights and teeth but also the worn incisors and that chewing is a reciprocal occlusion reduces as fossa depths, but incisors. The incisors cuspids, mechanical motion, that the instant the much as possible the upon the widths of are discluders of the corrections may be cusps touch, the motion is slidings of teeth. It the molar fossae. cuspids and the cusped limited. Nevertheless, immediately reversed and provides for close-by teeth in the protrusive the interrelation another stroke begins. glidings of edges, but diagnostic excursions. between the incisors 3. The arrangement of teeth avoids edge raspings. should be such that in balanced occlusion is It provides for a non- the tongue and the such that the eminence sliding centric closure. lips can place foods slants and the incisor- 7. In building bilateral between them easily. cuspid overlaps should not balanced occlusion Even the placing of disclude the plural-cusped much attention is given particles between the teeth in diagnostic to maintaining incisors for tasting excursions. Organic maximum contact purposes or for occlusion is premised upon occlusion. In building selecting out small the belief that disclusion is organic occlusion as particles not wanted but the reverse of much attention is given to be chewed or occlusion, that the slants of to maintaining the swallowed is a test of eminences and anterior proper amount of the labiolingual teeth should disclude the organized disclusion. incisor relations. teeth between them in diagnostic excursions.

Opposing Views Page 12 of 14 STALLAR 1963, Nov, pp WHY THE REFERENCES 6. Black, C. V.: 11. Schuyler, C. H.: 17. Stuart, C. E.: D 591 – 606, 12 DIVERGENCES? Descriptive Principles employed in Lectures on Pitch HARVEY, Since the rise of 1. Alexander, P. C.: Anatomy of the full denture prosthesis Variation in the PhD., favor for balanced Analysis of cuspid Human Teeth. which may he applied Same Dentition. D.D.S., occlusion much has protective 3rd ed. in other fields of (Unpublished.) AND been learned about occlusion. J. Pros. Philadelphia, S. dentistry. J.A.D.A., 18. Stuart, C. E.: What STUART, the neuromuscular Den., 13:315, 1963. S. White Dental 16:2045, 1929. Kind of Occlusion CHARLES physiology of the 2. Atkinson, S. R.: Manufacturing 12. Shaw, D. M.: Form Shall We Put Upon E., D.D.S gnathic system. We Clinic given at Co., 1894. and function in teeth, Natural Teeth? have learned a little Southern 7. Constant, T. E.: and a rational (Unpublished, about how mouth California State The eruption of unifying principle 1962.) automation takes Dental Association the teeth. Den. applied to 19. Stuart, C. E., and place and how the Convention, Los Cosmos, 42:1286, interpretation. Am. J. Stallard, H.: mouth rests. It Angeles, 1925. 1900. Orthodontics., 10:703 Diagnosis and seems that balanced 3. Ayres, F. V.: 8. D’Amico, A.: The —718, 1924. treatment of occlusion does not Unpublished data canine teeth. J. 13. Simon, P. W.: Text on occlusal relations of insure oral rest and on buccolingual South. California Fundamental the teeth. Texas D. it requires the diameters of D. A., 26:64, Principles of a J., 75:435, 1957. patient to learn molars. 1958. Systematic Diagnosis 20. Thomas, P. IC.: anew how to 4. Balkwill, F. H.: 9. Friel, S.: of Dental Anomalies. Manual on Waxing automate his Article cited: Best Occlusion: Boston, Stratford Co., up Occlusal Forms. chewing. form and observations on 1926. (Unpublished.) The collectivization arrangement of its development 14. Spee, F. C.: The 21. Thompson, j. R.: of teeth into artificial teeth for from infancy to condylar path of the The rest position of balanced occlusion mastication. Tr. old age. Am. J. mandible in the the mandible and was held out as a Odont. Soc. Gr. Orthodontics., glenoid fossa (transla- its significance to hope that it would Brit., 5:133—158, 13:322-341, 1927. tion by Ralph Stern, dental science. spare the 1865. (Quoted 10. McCollum, B. December 28, 1959.) J. J.A.D.A., 33:151— periodontium. We from Oral B., and Stuart, South. California D. 180, 1946. have since learned Habilitation, p. C. F.: A A., 28:318—338. 1990 22. Wadsworth, Frank that most 1063, 1951.) Research (see Sect. 11, p. 321). M.: Full denture periodontal diseases 5. Benson, C. %V.: Report. South 15. Stallard, H.: Dental technique. D. are due to other Illustrations of Pasadena, articulation as an Cosmos, 64:951, than maloccluding Monson’s California, orthodontic aim. 1924. factors. instrument and Scientific Press, J.A.D.A., 24:348—368, 23. Young, J. L.: spherical theory. 1955, p. 76. 1937. Advocacy of complete

Opposing Views Page 13 of 14 J.A.D.A., 19:1595, 16. Stallard, H.: occlusal restorations. 1932. Functions of the (Cited by Stallard, Am. occlusal surfaces of J. Orthodontics., the teeth. J.A.D.A., 16:471, 1930.) 13:401, 1930.

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