Sustainability Assessment and Reporting for the University of Michigan's Ann Arbor Campus
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Report No. CSS02-04 April 2002 Sustainability Assessment and Reporting for the University of Michigan's Ann Arbor Campus Sandra I. Rodriguez, Matthew S. Roman, Samantha C. Sturhahn & Elizabeth H. Terry Sustainability Assessment and Reporting for the University of Michigan's Ann Arbor Campus By: Sandra I. Rodriguez Matthew S. Roman Samantha C. Sturhahn Elizabeth H. Terry A project submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Master of Science (Natural Resources and Environment) University of Michigan Ann Arbor April, 2002 Faculty Advisors: Professor Jonathan W. Bulkley Associate Research Scientist Gregory A. Keoleian A report of the Center for Sustainable Systems Report No. CSS02-04 Document Description SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT AND REPORTING FOR THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN'S ANN ARBOR CAMPUS Sandra I. Rodriguez, Matthew S. Roman, Samantha C. Sturhahn & Elizabeth H. Terry Center for Sustainable Systems, Report No. CSS02-04 University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan April, 2002 415 pp., tables, figures, 48 appendices This document is available online at: http://css.snre.umich.edu Center for Sustainable Systems School of Natural Resources and Environment University of Michigan 440 Church Street, Dana Building Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1041 Phone: 734-764-1412 Fax: 734-647-5841 Email: [email protected] Web: http://css.snre.umich.edu © Copyright 2002 by the Regents of the University of Michigan The University of Michigan Sustainability Assessment and Reporting Team would like to recognize the invaluable guidance of Dr. Jonathan W. Bulkley and Dr. Gregory A. Keoleian (Center for Sustainable Systems), without whose support this project would not have been possible. In addition, we would also like to thank our client, the University of Michigan Facilities and Operations, and specifically the project liaison, Occupational Safety and Environmental Health Department (OSEH), represented by Mr. Andrew Berki and Mr. Terry Alexander, for enabling us to access the vast resources of the University. Sandra Rodriguez Matt Roman Samantha Sturhahn Elizabeth Terry iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report was prepared in close collaboration with the following departments at the University of Michigan: University of Michigan Departments Consulted Bentley Historical Library M-Stores - Central Stores Central Power Plant M-Stores - Food Stores Department of Public Safety Nichols Arboretum Dining Services Office of Budget and Planning Division of Research Development and Administration Office of Gift Administration Edward Ginsberg Center for Community Service and Learning Office of Government Relations Facilities and Operations Office of the Registrar Financial Operations Plant Fund Plant Landscape Financial Reporting Office Printing Services Grounds and Waste Management Services Property Disposition Human Resources and Affirmative Action State Outreach Office Intercollegiate Athletics Transportation Services Investment Office UM Health Services Waste Management and Recycling LS&A Environmental Studies Program U-M Press Marketing Communications University Employee Relations and Compensation Matthei Botanical Gardens Utilities and Plant Operations The following members of our Steering Committee provided invaluable assistance in the form of several peer reviews during the course of this project: Sustainability Assessment and Report Master's Project Steering Committee Name Organization Name Organization Terry Alexander Facilities & Operations, Greg Keoleian Center for Sustainable University of Michigan Systems, University of Michigan Andy Berki Facili ties & Operations, Chris Kolb State Representative, 53rd University of Michigan District Laura Berry Emissions Lab, US Jaymie Meliker University of Michigan Environmental Protection Student (PhD) Agency Jonathan Bulkley Center for Sustainable Scott Noesen The Dow Chemical Company Systems, University of Michigan Rob Frederick Corporate Governance, Ford Barbara Stanton Former Detroit Free Press Motor Company Editorial Writer Robert Gray Associate Dean - School of Bill Verge Purchased Utilities, Public Health, University of University of Michigan Michigan Julian Keniry Campus Ecology Program, National Wildlife Federation Finally, the Center for Sustainable Systems, the Wege Foundation, and the Department of Occupational Safety and Environmental Health (OSEH) all provided guidance and financial support throughout this project. iv ABSTRACT This project assesses the sustainability of the University of Michigan’s Ann Arbor campus (U-M AA). Objectives are to propose a definition of sustainability and a framework for assessment tailored to the U-M AA, to use the framework to evaluate a set of sustainability indicators, to highlight findings in a Prototype Sustainability Report, and to provide recommendations for an institutionalized reporting process. The assessment framework utilizes the “triple bottom line” concept, which recognizes environmental, social and economic spheres of sustainability. Each sphere is divided into categories and further into indicators. Environmental categories ranged from water use to greenhouse gas emissions, social categories from wages to community development and financial categories from revenues to investment policies. A total of fifty indicators are presented, including twenty-five environmental, twenty social, and five economic. Certain indicators are normalized into metrics in order to account for the growth of the campus. Geographic boundaries delineate activities that occur within the U-M AA system, including education, research, medical care, housing, food service, recreation, arts and community development. Temporal boundaries define the time period for study as 1990 plus 1995 through 2001. Life cycle analysis is used for certain indicators to measure upstream and downstream impacts. Data gathering and analysis were conducted in close collaboration with over thirty U-M AA departments. Results show both positive and negative trends and provide a baseline for setting short- and long-term goals. This study recommends that the U-M AA institutionalize annual sustainability assessment and reporting to enhance its position as a leading educational institution. Challenges encountered during this study generated other recommendations, including commitment from University leadership to champion the process, wider involvement of internal and external stakeholders in framework and indicator refinement, and the creation of a centralized sustainability assessment entity. v TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 Introduction........................................................................ 1 1.1 What is Sustainability? ............................................................................................. 2 1.2 Why is Sustainability Important? ............................................................................. 3 1.3 Moving Toward Sustainability ................................................................................. 6 1.4 Project Objectives ................................................................................................... 12 1.5 History of Sustainability at the University of Michigan......................................... 13 1.5.1 Energy............................................................................................................. 15 1.5.2 Faculty and Education..................................................................................... 16 1.5.3 Joint degree programs..................................................................................... 16 1.5.4 Transportation................................................................................................. 17 1.5.5 Pollution Prevention/ Waste Minimization/ Recycling .................................. 17 1.5.6 De-icing/Anti-icing initiatives ........................................................................ 18 1.5.7 Center for Sustainable Systems (CSS)............................................................ 19 1.5.8 Students’ and other campus initiatives ........................................................... 19 1.5.9 Internationally relevant events........................................................................ 20 2 Methods ............................................................................ 21 2.1 Definition of System............................................................................................... 21 2.2 Profile of the University of Michigan-Ann Arbor .................................................. 22 2.2.1 Geographical Extent........................................................................................ 22 2.2.2 Campus Demographics ................................................................................... 23 2.2.3 Academic Units............................................................................................... 24 2.2.4 Research Activities ......................................................................................... 24 2.2.5 Housing........................................................................................................... 25 2.2.6 Athletics .......................................................................................................... 25 2.2.7 Hospital System .............................................................................................. 26 2.3 Framework .............................................................................................................. 26 2.4 Methodology..........................................................................................................