WWI: the Home Front and the Treaty of Versailles
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Name______Date ______Period ____ Notes Chapters 24/25 WWI: The Home Front and The Treaty of Versailles Peace Groups Pacifists- people who oppose all war for political, moral, or religious reasons Women’s Peace party- led by Jane Addams feared that U.S.’s Entry into war would diminish support for their reform Conscientious Objectors- people who opposed war for religious or moral reasons and therefore refused to serve in the armed forces (often risking going to prison) Government and the War Committee on Public Information (CPI)- George Creel led this government created committee in attempt to sell the war to the public. Films, Books, and Four Minute Men (speakers around the country) Patriotic Fervor Propaganda (information or rumors spread by a group or the government to promote causes or ideas to damage an opposing cause or idea) Parades , flag waving, schools sending war materials, families collecting apricot pits for making gas masks. Sometimes patriotic fervor started anti-German Hysteria Transforming the Economy for the War Effort Raising money for the war effort came through taxes and liberty bonds Taxes funded ¼ of the cost of war War Revenue Act- increased income taxes during WWI 1916- 437,000 to 1918- 4.4 million Liberty Bonds- certificate issued by the government that promises to pay back the money with interest on a specific date Industry, Food, and Fuel for War War Industries Board- headed by Bernard Baruch coordinated the work of government agencies, and industry groups to make sure supplies and equipment were produced and delivered to the military National War labor board- government worked to ensure the cooperation of unions Food and Fuel Food Administration- oversaw the production and distribution of food and fuel Meatless Mondays, Wheatless Wednesdays Gasless Sundays, and Heatless Mondays Victory Gardens (one in front of the Whitehouse) Democracy on the Home front African Americans- most supported the war effort and the NAACP encouraged people to serve in the military WEB Du Bois wrote, “Let us, while this war lasts, forget our special grievances and close our ranks shoulder to shoulder with our own white fellow citizens and the allied nations that are fighting for democracy. GREAT MIGRATION- Mass movement of African Americans to the North. Chicago, Ney York City, Cleveland saw an explosion of black residents Race Riots broke out in 1919 nicknamed “red summer” St.Louis factory owner brought in black workers to break up a strike and a riot broke out causing 30 Africans to die and 9 whites Immigrants Immigrants faced Americanization Most immigrants supported the war American Protective League-self appointed patriot group that targeted immigrants for being disloyal German Americans were often attacked and targeted Fear takes over Espionage Act (1917)- “spying”- made it a crime to try and interfere with the military draft and set penalties for spying, sabotage, and “obstruction of the war effort. Sedition Act (1918)- made it a crime to say anything that was disloyal, profane, or abusive about the government Speaking Out Against the War Wobblies- members of the Industrial Workers of the World spoke out against the war. 165 arrested, 1 hung, viewed as disloyal Schenck v. United States- Espionage Act, Charles Schenck, a socialists, was charged with distributing leaflets to recent draftees, urging them to resist the military draft. Schenck’s lawyer stated he had a right to free speech Unanimous decision- Schenck’s publications created a clear and present danger to a nation engaged in war. Defining Free Speech All speeches that are protected by our freedoms Pure Speech (spoken word), Speech-plus (speech plus action) and Symbolic Speech (Conduct that conveys a message without word) United States v. O’Brien- 1960’s Vietnam anti war activist David Paul O’Brian burnt his draft card and was punished by law Texas v. Johnson- 1984 George Lee Johnson protested the Reagan administration by setting an American Flag on Fire. He was protected by symbolic speech but Congress then passed the Flag Protection Act of 1989 which made it illegal to burn or mutilate an American Flag. The Flag protection Act was declared unconstitutional after Supreme Court case United States v. Eichman. Treaty of Versailles: To Ratify or Reject Wilson’s vision for World Peace Fourteen Points- Wilson’s Blueprint for peace End to Secret Alliances, Freedom of Seas, European reduction of Armaments (weapons), Right to Self Determination, Creation of the League of Nations –an international peace keeping organization, which countries would protect territorial integrity, Paris Peace Con. Big Four- Wilson of US, David Loyd George of GB, Georges Clemenceau of France, and Vittorio Orlando of Italy War Guilt Clause- addition to the Treaty of Versailles that held Germany responsible of WWI and required them to pay reparations to the allied nations (33 billion dollars) Wilson did not agree with this Clause… Self-Determination- Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania all gained independence Germany was given to France, Poland, Demark, and Belgium and Italy gained Austrian Territory. The TREATY OF VERSAILLES WAS SIGNED June 18th, 1919 by the BIG FOUR Wilson brings the Treaty home to ratify… Wilson needed 2/3 vote to ratify the treaty and Republicans were hesitant Reservationists- Republican senators who agreed to approve the treaty only if changes were made in response to their concerns Irreconcilables-Republican Senators who strongly opposed the Treaty of Versailles Internationalists- Democratic senators who strongly supported the Treaty of Versailles A Divided Senate fails the Treaty Partisanship (rivalry)- defeats the treaty Many irreconcilables felt the treaty would drag us into world affairs (the League of Nations) some Democrats turned on Wilson and voted the treaty down. The vote fell to 7 votes short with some democrats siding with the irreconcilables was turned down. 1920 Election Democratic Candidate- James Cox (Ohio) and VP Franklin Roosevelt (later president for 4 terms) Republican Candidate- Warren G. Harding Cox received 9.1 million votes, Harding received 16.1 million votes HARDING becomes the President in 1921 By 1921 the League of Nations was running without the United States as a member (whose president had created it) Could WWII have been avoided if the US joined the League of Nations? Name______Date ______Period ____ Notes Chapters 24/25 WWI: The Home Front and The Treaty of Versailles Peace Groups Pacifists- people who oppose all war for ______ Women’s Peace party- led by ______feared that U.S.’s Entry into war would diminish support for their ______ Conscientious Objectors- people who opposed war for religious or moral reasons and therefore ______in the armed forces (often risking going to ______) Government and the War Committee on Public Information (CPI)- George Creel led this government created committee in attempt to ______. ______, ______, and ______(speakers around the country) Patriotic Fervor Propaganda (information or rumors spread by a group or the government to promote causes or ideas to ______) Parades, flag waving, schools sending war materials, families collecting apricot pits for making ______. Sometimes patriotic fervor started ______Transforming the Economy for the War Effort Raising money for the war effort came through ______ Taxes funded ___ of the cost of war War Revenue Act- increased ______during WWI 1916- ______to 1918- ______million Liberty Bonds- certificate issued by the government that promises to pay back the money with ______Industry, Food, and Fuel for War ______- headed by Bernard Baruch coordinated the work of government agencies, and industry groups to make sure supplies and equipment were produced and delivered to the military National War labor board- government worked to ensure the ______Food and Fuel Food Administration- ______ Meatless Mondays, Wheatless Wednesdays Gasless Sundays, and Heatless Mondays ______(one in front of the Whitehouse) Democracy on the Home front African Americans- most ______effort and the NAACP encouraged people to ______ WEB Du Bois wrote, “Let us, while this war lasts, forget our special grievances and close our ranks shoulder to shoulder with our own white fellow citizens and the allied nations that are fighting for democracy. GREAT MIGRATION- ______. Chicago, Ney York City, Cleveland saw an explosion of black residents ______broke out in 1919 nicknamed “red summer” St.Louis factory owner brought in black workers to break up a strike and a riot broke out causing 30 Africans to die and 9 whites Immigrants Immigrants faced Americanization Most immigrants ______ American Protective League-self appointed patriot group that ______ ______were often attacked and targeted Fear takes over Espionage Act (1917)- “spying”- made it a crime to try and interfere with the military draft and set penalties for ______. Sedition Act (1918)- made it a crime to say anything that was ______about the government Speaking Out Against the War Wobblies- members of the ______spoke out against the war. 165 arrested, 1 hung, viewed as disloyal Schenck v. United States- Espionage Act, Charles Schenck, a socialist, was charged with ______, urging them to ______. Schenck’s lawyer stated he had a right to ______ Unanimous decision- Schenck’s publications created a ______to a nation engaged in war. Defining Free Speech All speeches that are protected by our freedoms ______(spoken word), ______(speech plus action) and ______(Conduct that conveys a message without word) United States v. O’Brien- 1960’s Vietnam anti war activist David Paul O’Brian ______ Texas v. Johnson- 1984 George Lee Johnson protested the Reagan administration by setting an ______. He was protected by symbolic speech but Congress then passed the Flag Protection Act of 1989 which made it ______an American Flag. The Flag protection Act was declared ______after Supreme Court case United States v. Eichman. Treaty of Versailles: To Ratify or Reject Wilson’s vision for World Peace Fourteen Points- ______ End to Secret ______, Freedom of ______, European reduction of ______(weapons), Right to ______, Creation of the ______–an international peace keeping organization, which countries would protect territorial integrity, Paris Peace Con. Big Four- Wilson of ____, David Loyd George of ____, Georges Clemenceau of ______, and Vittorio Orlando of ______ War Guilt Clause- addition to the Treaty of Versailles that held ______and required them to ______to the allied nations (______) ______did not agree with this Clause… Self-Determination- Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania all gained independence Germany was given to France, Poland, Demark, and Belgium and Italy gained Austrian Territory. The TREATY OF VERSAILLES WAS ______June 18th, 1919 by the BIG FOUR Wilson brings the Treaty home to ratify… Wilson needed _____ vote to ratify the treaty and Republicans were hesitant Reservationists- Republican senators who agreed to ______only if ______in response to their concerns Irreconcilables-Republican Senators who ______the Treaty of Versailles Internationalists- Democratic senators who ______the Treaty of Versailles A Divided Senate fails the Treaty Partisanship (______)- defeats the treaty Many irreconcilables felt the treaty would drag us into ______(the League of Nations) some Democrats turned on Wilson and voted the treaty down. The vote fell to ____ short with some democrats siding with the irreconcilables was turned down. ______:Democratic Candidate- James Cox (Ohio) and Franklin Roosevelt (later president, 4 terms) Republican Candidate- Warren G. Harding Cox received ______votes, Harding received ______votes ______becomes the President in 1921 By 1921 the League of Nations was running without the ______as a member (______) Could WWII have been avoided if the US joined the League of Nations?