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Hadley Circulation Shrinkage in the Mid-Cretaceous
Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Clim. Past Discuss., 7, 119–151, 2011 www.clim-past-discuss.net/7/119/2011/ Climate of the Past CPD doi:10.5194/cpd-7-119-2011 Discussions 7, 119–151, 2011 © Author(s) 2011. CC Attribution 3.0 License. Hadley circulation This discussion paper is/has been under review for the journal Climate of the Past (CP). shrinkage in the Please refer to the corresponding final paper in CP if available. mid-Cretaceous Drastic shrinking of the Hadley circulation H. Hasegawa et al. during the mid-Cretaceous supergreenhouse Title Page Abstract Introduction H. Hasegawa1,*, R. Tada1, X. Jiang2, Y. Suganuma1,3, S. Imsamut4, P. Charusiri5, Conclusions References N. Ichinnorov6, and Y. Khand6 Tables Figures 1Department of Earth and Planetary Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan 2 Chengdu Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chengdu, China J I 3National Institute of Polar Research, Tokyo, Japan 4Department of Mineral Resources, Bureau of Geological Survey, Bangkok, Thailand J I 5Department of Geology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand Back Close 6Paleontological Center, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia * now at: Department of Natural History Science, Hokkaido University, Full Screen / Esc Sapporo 060-0810, Japan Received: 14 September 2010 – Accepted: 7 December 2010 – Published: 13 January 2011 Printer-friendly Version Correspondence to: H. Hasegawa (hito [email protected]) Interactive Discussion Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 119 Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Abstract CPD Understanding the behaviour of the global climate system during extremely warm pe- riods is one of the major themes of paleoclimatology. -
Onetouch 4.0 Scanned Documents
/ Chapter 2 THE FOSSIL RECORD OF BIRDS Storrs L. Olson Department of Vertebrate Zoology National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution Washington, DC. I. Introduction 80 II. Archaeopteryx 85 III. Early Cretaceous Birds 87 IV. Hesperornithiformes 89 V. Ichthyornithiformes 91 VI. Other Mesozojc Birds 92 VII. Paleognathous Birds 96 A. The Problem of the Origins of Paleognathous Birds 96 B. The Fossil Record of Paleognathous Birds 104 VIII. The "Basal" Land Bird Assemblage 107 A. Opisthocomidae 109 B. Musophagidae 109 C. Cuculidae HO D. Falconidae HI E. Sagittariidae 112 F. Accipitridae 112 G. Pandionidae 114 H. Galliformes 114 1. Family Incertae Sedis Turnicidae 119 J. Columbiformes 119 K. Psittaciforines 120 L. Family Incertae Sedis Zygodactylidae 121 IX. The "Higher" Land Bird Assemblage 122 A. Coliiformes 124 B. Coraciiformes (Including Trogonidae and Galbulae) 124 C. Strigiformes 129 D. Caprimulgiformes 132 E. Apodiformes 134 F. Family Incertae Sedis Trochilidae 135 G. Order Incertae Sedis Bucerotiformes (Including Upupae) 136 H. Piciformes 138 I. Passeriformes 139 X. The Water Bird Assemblage 141 A. Gruiformes 142 B. Family Incertae Sedis Ardeidae 165 79 Avian Biology, Vol. Vlll ISBN 0-12-249408-3 80 STORES L. OLSON C. Family Incertae Sedis Podicipedidae 168 D. Charadriiformes 169 E. Anseriformes 186 F. Ciconiiformes 188 G. Pelecaniformes 192 H. Procellariiformes 208 I. Gaviiformes 212 J. Sphenisciformes 217 XI. Conclusion 217 References 218 I. Introduction Avian paleontology has long been a poor stepsister to its mammalian counterpart, a fact that may be attributed in some measure to an insufRcien- cy of qualified workers and to the absence in birds of heterodont teeth, on which the greater proportion of the fossil record of mammals is founded. -
Anatomy of the Early Cretaceous Enantiornithine Bird Rapaxavis Pani
Anatomy of the Early Cretaceous enantiornithine bird Rapaxavis pani JINGMAI K. O’CONNOR, LUIS M. CHIAPPE, CHUNLING GAO, and BO ZHAO O’Connor, J.K., Chiappe, L.M., Gao, C., and Zhao, B. 2011. Anatomy of the Early Cretaceous enantiornithine bird Rapaxavis pani. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 56 (3): 463–475. The exquisitely preserved longipterygid enantiornithine Rapaxavis pani is redescribed here after more extensive prepara− tion. A complete review of its morphology is presented based on information gathered before and after preparation. Among other features, Rapaxavis pani is characterized by having an elongate rostrum (close to 60% of the skull length), rostrally restricted dentition, and schizorhinal external nares. Yet, the most puzzling feature of this bird is the presence of a pair of pectoral bones (here termed paracoracoidal ossifications) that, with the exception of the enantiornithine Concornis lacustris, are unknown within Aves. Particularly notable is the presence of a distal tarsal cap, formed by the fu− sion of distal tarsal elements, a feature that is controversial in non−ornithuromorph birds. The holotype and only known specimen of Rapaxavis pani thus reveals important information for better understanding the anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of longipterygids, in particular, as well as basal birds as a whole. Key words: Aves, Enantiornithes, Longipterygidae, Rapaxavis, Jiufotang Formation, Early Cretaceous, China. Jingmai K. O’Connor [[email protected]], Laboratory of Evolutionary Systematics of Vertebrates, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, 142 Xizhimenwaidajie, Beijing, China, 100044; The Dinosaur Institute, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA; Luis M. Chiappe [[email protected]], The Dinosaur Institute, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Ex− position Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA; Chunling Gao [[email protected]] and Bo Zhao [[email protected]], Dalian Natural History Museum, No. -
A Mesozoic Bird from Gondwana Preserving Feathers
ARTICLE Received 13 Nov 2014 | Accepted 10 Apr 2015 | Published 26 May 2015 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8141 OPEN A Mesozoic bird from Gondwana preserving feathers Ismar de Souza Carvalho1, Fernando E. Novas2, Federico L. Agnolı´n2,3, Marcelo P. Isasi2,3, Francisco I. Freitas4 & Jose´ A. Andrade5 The fossil record of birds in the Mesozoic of Gondwana is mostly based on isolated and often poorly preserved specimens, none of which has preserved details on feather anatomy. We provide the description of a fossil bird represented by a skeleton with feathers from the Early Cretaceous of Gondwana (NE Brazil). The specimen sheds light on the homology and 3D structure of the rachis-dominated feathers, previously known from two-dimensional slabs. The rectrices exhibit a row of rounded spots, probably corresponding to some original colour pattern. The specimen supports the identification of the feather scapus as the rachis, which is notably robust and elliptical in cross-section. In spite of its juvenile nature, the tail plumage resembles the feathering of adult individuals of modern birds. Documentation of rachis-dominated tail in South American enantiornithines broadens the paleobiogeographic distribution of basal birds with this tail feather morphotype, up to now only reported from China. 1 Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Geologia, Avenida Athos da Silveira Ramos, 274, Rio de Janeiro CCMN/IGEO 21.949-900, Brazil. 2 CONICET, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ‘Bernardino Rivadavia’, Avenida Angel Gallardo 470, 1405 Buenos Aires, Argentina. 3 Fundacio´nde Historia Natural ‘Fe´lix de Azara’, Universidad Maimo´nides, Hidalgo 775, C1405BDB Buenos Aires, Argentina. -
Abelisauroidea and Carchardontosauridae (Theropoda, Dinosauria) in the Cretaceous of South America
Abelisauroidea and carchardontosauridae (theropoda, dinosauria) in the cretaceous of south america. Paleogeographical and geocronological implications Carlos Roberto dos Anjos Candeiro, Agustín Guillermo Martinelli ABELISAUROIDEA AND CARCHARDONTOSAURIDAE (THEROPODA, DINOSAURIA) IN THE CRETACEOUS OF SOUTH AMERICA. PALEOGEOGRAPHICAL AND GEOCRONOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS Abelisauroidea e Carcharodontosauridae (Theropoda, Dinosauria) na América do Sul durante do Cretáceo. Implicações paleogeograficas e geocronologicas Carlos Roberto dos Anjos Candeiro Depart. Geologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro [email protected], [email protected] Agustín Guillermo Martinelli Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia, Av. Ángel Gallardo 470, C1405DJR, Buenos Aires, Argentina [email protected] Artigo recebido em 18/10/2004 e aceito para publicação em 31/08/2005 ABSTRACT: In this contribution an up-to-date list of abelisauroid ceratosaurians and carcharodontosaurid allosaurians recognized in South America is presented. Abelisauroids and carcharodontosaurids in South America show rich species diversity and a wide range of temporal and geographical distribution. At least eight formally described species of Abelisauroidea are recognized in Argen- tina and only one in Brazil; in contrast, only one species of Carcharodontosauridae is known for all South America. The fossil record of abelisauroids and carcharodontosaurids in South America shows a dominance of abelisauroids in the upper late Cretaceous, while the dominance of carcharodontosaurids as large predators was during the Cenomanian-Turonian. Although knowl- edge of the evolution of Abelisauroidea and Carcharodontasauridae in South America, as well as in the rest of Gondwana is still far for being complete, intensive explorations in recent years have provided greater insight into the composition of theropod faunas in the Cretaceous of Gondwana. -
Eric Buffetaut, First Evidence of Enantiornithine Birds from The
ORYCTOS,VoI.1 : l3l - 136,Octobre 1998 FIRSTEVIDENCE OF ENANTIORNITHINE BIRDS FROM TITE UPPER CRETACEOUS OF EUROPE: POSTCRANIAL BONES FROM CRUZY (HÉRAUTT, SOUTHERN FRANCE) Eric BUFFBTAUT CNRS,UMR 556I , 16cour du Liégat,75013Paris Abstract : A coracoid and an incomplete femur from a newly discovered Late Campanian to Early Maastrichtian locality at Cruzy (Hérault, France) are described and identified as the first remains of enantiornithine birds to be reported from the Upper Cretaceousof Europe. This find extends to Europe the already wide known geographical distribution of Late CretaceousEnantiornithes, and confirms the important part played by this peculiar group of birds in avifaunasin many parts of the world until late in the Cretaceous. Kev words : Aves, Enantiornithes, I-ate Cretaceous. France. Premiersrestes d'Enantiornithes (Aves)du Crétacésupérieur d'Europe : ossementspost-crâniens trouvés à Cruzy (Hérault, Sud de la France) Résumé : Un coracoïde et un fémur incomplet provenant d'un nouveau gisement d'âge Campanien supérieur à Maastrichtien inférieur à Cruzy (Hérault, France) sont décrits et identifiés comme les premiers restesd'oiseaux du groupe des Enantiornithes à être signalésdans le Crétacé,supérieur d'Europe. Cette découverteétend à I'Europe la distribution géographiqueconnue déjà vastedes Enantiornithes aluCrétacésupérieur, et confirme que ce groupe par- ticulier d'oiseaux jouait un rôle important dans les avifaunes de nombreusesparties du monde jusque tard dans le Crétacé. Mots clés : Aves, Enantiornithes, Crétacé supérieur;France. Résumé français étendu : Les avifaunes du Crétacê supérieur européen demeurent mal connues. Un oiseau de grande taille, incapable de voler, a été décit sousle nom de Gargantuavisphiloinos dans quelquesgisements d'âge Campaniensupérieur à Maastrichtien inférieur du Sud de la France, mais les formes volantes de petite taille étaient jusqu'ici inconnues. -
Theropod Dinosaurs from Argentina
139 Theropod dinosaurs from Argentina Martín D. EZCURRA1 & Fernando E. NOVAS2 1CONICET, Sección Paleontología Vertebrados, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ‘Bernardino Rivadavia’, Av. Angel Gallardo 470, Buenos Aires, C1405DJR, Argentina. [email protected], Laboratorio de Anatomía Comparada y Evolución de los Vertebrados, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ‘Bernardino Rivadavia’, Av. Ángel Gallardo 470, Buenos Aires, C1405DJR, Argentina. [email protected] Abstract. Theropoda includes all the dinosaurs more closely related to birds than to sauropodomorphs (long-necked dinosaurs) and ornithischians (bird-hipped dinosaurs). The oldest members of the group are early Late Triassic in age, and non-avian theropods flourished during the rest of the Mesozoic until they vanished in the Cretaceous-Palaeogene mass extinction. Theropods radiated into two main lineages, Ceratosauria and Tetanurae, which are well represented in Cretaceous rocks from Argentina. Ceratosaurians are the most taxonomically diverse South American non-avian theropods, including small to large-sized species, such as the iconic horned dinosaur Carnotaurus. Argentinean tetanurans are represented by multiple lineages that include some of the largest carnivorous dinosaurs known worldwide (carcharodontosaurids), the enigmatic large-clawed megaraptorans, and small to medium-sized species very closely related to avialans (e.g. unenlagiids). The Argentinean non-avian theropod record has been and is crucial to understand the evolutionary and palaeobiogeographical -
Subject Index
Cambridge University Press 0521811724 - The Evolution and Extinction of the Dinosaurs, Second Edition David E. Fastovsky and David B. Weishampel Index More information Subject index Bold type indicates figures. Absolute age 23–5 Arctic dinosaurs 372–373, 373 Actinopterygii 67 Asteroid impact 425, 426–32 Aguja Formation (Upper Cretaceous, USA) 401 see also Cretaceous–Tertiary boundary; Alxa Desert (China) 297 Iridium; Chicxulub Amarga Canyon (Argentina) 262 Affects of 432–4 American Museum of Natural History (USA) Indicators of 426, 427–9, 428, 429, 430, 431 18n, 19, 253, 259, 292 Atlas Mountains (Morocco) 263 Amnion 77 Auca Mahuevo (Upper Cretaceous, Argentina) Amniota 245, 246 Diagnostic characters 77, 78 Aves, see Theropoda Major groups 78 Azendoh (Morocco) 261 Amphibia 77, 77n, 393 Amur River (Sino-Russian border) 217 Baharije Oasis (Egypt) 291, 292 Anapsida 78, 79–80 Barun Goyot Formation (Upper Cretaceous, Anhui Province (China) 162 Mongolia) 401 Ankylosauria Bernissart (Belgium) 212, 213 Age 133, 396, 397 Biological classification 68 Armament 133, 137, 138, 139 Biostratigraphy 22, 27–8 Behavior 134–7, 138–9 Birds, see Theropoda Clades of 133, 139–42 Body plans 65 Cladogram of, see Cladograms Bone histology 362–7, 363 Derived characters of 140, 139–41, 142 British Museum (Natural History) 234, 258, 336 Distribution 134, 135 Bug Creek (USA) 441 Evolution of 139 Burgess Shale (Middle Cambrian, Canada) 64 Fermentation in 136, 137 Burial 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 History of discovery 142–5 Inferred intelligence 361 Canadian Dinosaur Rush 182, 183, -
Speeds and Stance of Titanosaur Sauropods: Analysis of Titanopodus Tracks from the Late Cretaceous of Mendoza, Argentina
“main” — 2011/2/10 — 16:13 — page 279 — #1 Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências (2011) 83(1): 279-290 (Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences) Printed version ISSN 0001-3765 / Online version ISSN 1678-2690 www.scielo.br/aabc Speeds and stance of titanosaur sauropods: analysis of Titanopodus tracks from the Late Cretaceous of Mendoza, Argentina BERNARDO J. GONZÁLEZ RIGA Departamento de Paleontología, IANIGLA, CCT-CONICET-Mendoza, Avda. Ruiz Leal s/n, Parque Gral. San Martín (5500) Mendoza, Argentina/Instituto de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo Manuscript received on November 13, 2009; accepted for publication on June 21, 2010 ABSTRACT Speed estimations from trackways of Titanopodus mendozensis González Riga and Calvo provide information about the locomotion of titanosaurian sauropods that lived in South America during the Late Cretaceous. Titanopodus ichnites were found at Agua del Choique, a newly discovered track site in the Loncoche Formation, Late Campanian-Early Maastrichtian of Mendoza, Argentina. This speed study follows the hypothesis of dynamic similarity proposed by Alexander. As a refinement of this method, a complementary equation is presented here based on an articulated titanosaurian specimen collected in strata that are regarded as correlative to those that have yielded Titanopodus tracks (Allen Formation, Neuquén Basin). This analysis indicates that hip height can be estimated as 4.586 times the length of the pes track in derived titanosaurs. With an estimation of the hip height and the stride measurements, the speed is calculated. The study of two wide-gauge trackways indicates that Titanopodus ichnites were produced by medium- sized titanosaurs (hip height of 211-229 cm) that walked at 4.7-4.9 km/h towards the south and southwest, following, in part, a sinuous pathway. -
Mcbride MS Final
1 SEDIMENT PROVENANCE AND TECTONIC SIGNIFICANCE OF THE CRETACEOUS PIRGUA SUBGROUP, NW ARGENTINA by Scott McBride A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF GEOSCIENCES In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2008 2 STATEMENT BY THE AUTHOR This thesis has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for the Master of Science degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the Antevs Reading Room to be made available to borrowers, as are copies of regular theses and dissertations. Brief quotations from this manuscript are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of the source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the Department of Geosciences when the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. Scott McBride 12/12/2008 (author’s signature) (date) APPROVAL BY RESEARCH COMMITTEE As members of the Research Committee, we recommend that this thesis be accepted as fulfilling the research requirement for the degree of Master of Science. Peter DeCelles Major Advisor (type name) (signature) (date) Paul Kapp (type name) (signature) (date) George Gehrels (type name) (signature) (date) 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Funding for this research was provided by the ExxonMobil-University of Arizona Convergent Orogenic Systems Analysis project, the Geological Society of America, and the University of Arizona Department of Geosciences Summer Research Fund. I am grateful to Ryan Rodney for field assistance in Salta, and also to Joel Saylor for providing valuable experience on his Zada Basin project. -
Las Aves En El Tiempo De Los Dinosaurios
SECCIÓN TEMÁTICA Federico L Agnolin Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia (MACN), Conicet Las aves en el tiempo de los dinosaurios as aves son los vertebrados voladores por ex- El animal poseía características tanto de dinosaurios co- celencia. Sus miembros anteriores están mo- mo de aves actuales. Su cuerpo se encontraba cubierto dificados en forma de alas y llevan largas plu- por plumas y sus extremidades anteriores conformaban mas que les permiten, en la mayoría de los verdaderas alas, pero también exhibía rasgos reptilianos, casos, mantener un vuelo sostenido. Debido a como quijadas con filosos dientes, dedos con garras agu- Lsus huesos huecos y relativamente frágiles, las aves fósi- das y una larga cola constituida por numerosas vértebras. les son muy escasas, especialmente en las rocas de la era Archaeopteryx constituye una evidencia importante en fa- mesozoica (entre 225 y 65Ma). En Sudamérica esto es es- vor de la hipótesis que concibe a las aves actuales como pecialmente cierto: los descubrimientos de aves son lla- pequeños dinosaurios emplumados. mativamente pocos y se desconoce casi todo acerca de las aves que convivieron con los dinosaurios. Nuevos ha- llazgos aún se hacen esperar. El ave más antigua conocida es la famosa Archaeopteryx Aves arcaicas mesozoicas lithographica, encontrada hacia 1860 en Baviera en rocas del Jurásico de unos 150Ma de antigüedad y descrip- La historia conocida de las aves sudamericanas co- ta por Hermann von Meyer (1801-1869). Ese fósil está mienza en lo que hoy es el estado brasileño de Ceará hoy en el Humboldt Museum für Naturkunde de Berlín. hace unos 108Ma, en el período cretácico inferior. -
The Oldest Known Bird Archaeopteryx Lithographica Lived During the Tithonian Stage of the Jurassic Some 150 Ma (Megannum = Million Years) Ago
T y r b e r g , T .: Cretaceous© Ornithologische Birds Gesellschaft Bayern, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at 249 Verh. orn. Ges. Bayern 24, 1986: 249—275 Cretaceous Birds - a short review of the first half of avian history By Tommy Tyrberg 1. Introduction The oldest known bird Archaeopteryx lithographica lived during the Tithonian stage of the Jurassic some 150 Ma (Megannum = million years) ago. The Cretaceous period which lasted from ca 144 Ma to 65 Ma therefore constitutes approximately one half of known avian history (table 1). During these 80 Ma birds evolved from the primitive Archaeopteryx — in many ways intermediate between birds and reptiles - to essentially modern forms which in some cases are recognizable as members of extant avian orders. Unfortunately this process is very poorly documented by fossils. Fossil birds as a general rule are not common. The lifestyle of birds and their fragile, often pneumatized, bones are not conducive to successful fossilization, and even when preserved avian bones are probably often overlooked or misidentified. Col- lectors investigating Mesozoic Continental deposits are likely to have their “search image” centered on either dinosaurs or mammals. It is symptomatic that of the five known specimens of Archaeopteryx two were originally misidentified, one as a ptero- saur and the other as a small dinosaur Compsognathus. Even when a fossil has been collected and identified as avian, problems are far from over. Avian skeletal elements are frequently badly preserved and rather undiagnostic, moreover birds (usually) lack teeth. This is a serious handicap since teeth are durable and frequently yield a remarkable amount of information about the lifestyle and taxo- nomic position of the former owners.