Kingdom Fungi the Rotten World We Live In

Kingdom Fungi The Rotten World We Live In

Fungi Characteristics • General Information

– – Some are ______(yeast). Most are ______. – • Secretes ______enzymes onto food source to ______it. • Absorbs ______• Does not contain ______• Asexual and Sexual reproduction

– Most produce ______that are reproductive cells which form new individuals. • Habitat

– Varied; most prefer ______, ______and ______places. • Examples:

– Mushrooms, mold yeast, mildew, puffballs

• Filamentous bodies

– Many different ______and ______types – Woven together to form ______of fungi

• Cell walls contain ______

– Tough ______found in the body of insects

• Exhibit nuclear ______that is slightly different than most eukaryotes – Nuclear ______remains intact

1 Mushroom Life Cycle • Structures

– Spores land on ______(A) – Develop into a threadlike filament called ______(B) • Hyphae composed of cells which have cell ______made of ______. • ______and ______can move from cell to cell. – As fungus grows, the hyphae forms a tangled mass called a ______(C). – The mycelium may produce a ______structure (mushroom, puffball, bracket fungi) that will grow ______the ground surface. (D) – The reproductive structures will then release ______from its ______and the process starts over. (E) – See diagram included Classification • Fungi are classified by:

– The ______of the body that produces the ______. – The appearance of the ______body. – All fungi that have cell ______are called ______fungi.

• There are ______Phyla in this Kingdom (______are true fungi) 1. Phylum ______• Common ______in the soil. – Example: Rhizopus (______mold) – Common mold on ______, ______bread

– ______form a ______, cottony ______.

2 – Some ______penetrate bread and form ______which ______the fungus and make ______that digest the bread. – Others form ______which are upright stalks that produce ______cases at their tips. – Spore cases are known as ______and these are where ______are produced. 2. Phylum ______• They are the ______group of fungi. • Grow in ______, on rotted ______, marine and fresh ______, and ______. • Examples: • Many Ascomycetes produce ______spores called ______• Some reproduce ______- by forming specialized structures that contain ______and ______nuclei. • ______are the only ______Ascomycete. They do NOT have ______or ______bodies. They reproduce asexually by ______. 3. Phylum ______• Examples: – Basidiomycetes produce ______. – When basidiospores germinate, they produce ______.. • This mycelium has ______that have ______nucleus in each cell. – When 2 different strains come together, their hyphae ______and produce ______, which may produce a ______body. – Each cell now has ______nuclei.

3 • A ______is the ______body of a basidiomycete. • ______fungi are basidiomycetes that are usually ______. • They grow on ______that are ______or ______. • They have a ______fruiting body.

• ______and ______are basidiomycetes that cause many plant diseases. 4. Phylum ______• Are classified by the shape of their ______(asexual spores) and how they are ______. • Called ______fungi

• They do NOT have a ______phase.

• Examples:

5. Phylum ______(Protist like Fungi) • Examples: • Commonly form a ______fuzz on aquarium fish or on organic matter sitting in ______. • Sometimes found on ______under very humid conditions.

– On land, they have caused some serious diseases among ______plants. – Examples: • Absorb food through very thin cell walls made of ______. • Only phylum of fungi that produces ______spores. Importance of Fungi 1. ______

4 – They decompose ______organic matter and return ______to the ______. – Secretes ______enzymes onto the food, and then ______the digested nutrients. – Examples: 2. ______source – Some ______forms • ______= pigs dig for them; very expensive delicacy. • ______= in PA (sponge mushrooms) • ______= Japanese, expensive delicacy. • ______(common in stores – Most are ______-—very poisonous. • ______—grows in lawns and woods-a small bite can lead to death. • Some are ______, used in religious ceremonies. 3. Food and Beverage Production – ______-—Saccharomycetes cerevisiae (baker’s yeast) • Anaerobic respiration produces ______alcohol, which is needed for ______production. • Carbon ______produced during anaerobic respiration causes dough to ______. – Molds • Used to flavor ______(from a species of Penicillium). • Examples: 4. Used to Produce ______– ______= antibiotic that kills many bacteria. – ______= used for organ transplants to prevent rejection. – ______, ______= antibiotic ointments

5 5. Allergies – People react to the presence of ______in the air 6. Many ______Forms – Grow and feed on______and ______. – Plant fungi that cause ______• • • • ______on wheat, oats, barley and corn • Fruit mildew (apple) – Animal fungus • ______(means skin plants) = fungus infections of the ______. • Examples: • Affect the ______tissues of the body. • Can be transmitted by ______(contagious) through clothing, floor, animals, etc. – Thrush • ______infection of the ______(babies) • causes ______patches on tongue and mouth lining 7. Symbiotic Relationships – Symbiosis = – Examples: ______• ______and ______growing together • grow almost ______(soil, rock, tree, warm, cold, wet, dry) • sensitive to ______= indicator of air pollution • Fungus absorbs ______and ______that the algae needs to ______.

6 • The algae produce ______that the fungus uses. (mutualistic relationship) – Mycorrhizae • ______relationship between a ______i and tree ______. – Hyphae of fungi provide tree with ______and ______while the tree supplies ______(food) for the fungi – Hyphae will appear as a ______around the tree roots.