Station #1: Sci Method / Metric System / Ionic Bonding

STATION #1: SCI METHOD / METRIC SYSTEM / IONIC BONDING

Beyonce thinks that a special juice will increase the energy of her background dancers. She separated her dancers into two groups of 50 and assigned each group the same task (in this case, they were supposed to dance the “Single Ladies” routine for an hour or until they had to stop). Group A was given a glass of the special juice to drink before they danced. Group B was not given the special juice. After an hour, Beyonce counted the number of dancers from each group who had needed to stop dancing because they were too exhausted. In group A, 23 dancers had to stop. While in Group B, 35 dancers had to stop.

1) What is the control group of the experiment? a. The special juice c. Group B e. Beyonce b. Group A d. Number of dancers who stopped dancing

2) Which one of the following is a properly stated hypothesis for Beyonce’s experiment? a. If the dancers drink the special juice, then they will be able to dance for a longer period of time. b. If the dancers are too exhausted to dance, it is because they drank the special juice. c. Dancers grow exhausted if they do not drink the special juice. d. Special juice is a miracle energy booster. e. If all the dancers drink the special juice, then “Single Ladies” will be the biggest song of all time.

3) What is the experimental group in this experiment? a. The special juice c. Group B e. Beyonce b. Group A d. Number of dancers who stopped dancing

4) What is the dependent variable in this experiment? a. The special juice c. Group B e. Beyonce b. Group A d. Number of dancers who stopped dancing

5) What is the independent variable in this experiment? a. Muscle tone of dancers b. Listening to “Single Ladies” song c. Drinking the special juice d. Shoes worn by dancers e. Number of dancers who stopped dancing after an hour

6) What should Beyonce’s conclusion be? a. The special juice had no effect on the dancers. b. The special juice made the dancers more exhausted. c. The special juice did seem to increase the dancers’ energy. d. Special juice is made of anti-oxidants. e. Special juice tastes like peppermint flavored cola.

7) What is the usual order of the scientific method? a. Hypothesis, Data Analysis, Observation, Conclusion, Experimentation b. Hypothesis, Observation, Experimentation, Data Analysis, Conclusion c. Observation, Data Analysis, Experimentation, Hypothesis, Conclusion d. Observation, Hypothesis, Experimentation, Data Analysis, Conclusion e. Conclusion, Experimentation, Data Analysis, Hypothesis, Observation

8) Convert the given number to the unknown number. 56 cm = ______560______mm 76893 ml = _____76.893______l 4958.63 cg = ____.0495863____kg 9) Which two numbers are equal? (Circle two answers) a. 21.21 m b. 2121 mm c. 0.02121 km d. 2.121 hm

10) Which number is the largest? a. 550 grams b. 95,000 cg c. 0.09 kg d. 42.1 dag e. 7.007 hg

11) 5 dl is how many milliliters a. .005 b. 5000 c. 0.5 d. 50 e. 500

The picture below shows the compound Potassium oxide (K20), which joins as an ionic bond. Potassium (K) has the atomic number of 19 and the atomic mass of 39. Oxygen (O) has the atomic number of 8 and the atomic mass of 16. The picture below is only for reference. No drawing needs to be made, but feel free to do so if it will help you fill in the table.

12) Fill in the data tables below to highlight the ionic bond created.

13) What cannot be determined (directly or indirectly) from the atomic number of an element? c. The number of protons d. All can be determined from the atomic number d. The number of electrons e. None can be determined from the atomic number e. The number of electron energy levels STATION #2: CELL ORGANELLES / CELL TRANSPORT

FILL IN THE FUNCTIONS OF THE FOLLOWING CELL ORGANELLES

NUCLEUS Controls cell activity. Where DNA is made and stored.

ROUGH ER Tunnel system that transports ribosomes and proteins.

GOLGI APPARATUS Package and transport proteins out of cell.

MITOCHONDRIA Create ATP (energy molecule used by cells) in process called cellular respiration.

VACUOLE Stores food, waste, water and color pigment. Adds support to cell.

LYSOSOME Breaks down food. Kills bacteria. Destroys dying cell parts (autolysis).

RIBOSOME To make proteins.

CELL MEMBRANE Allows materials to enter and/or exit the cell.

LABEL THE BELOW ANIMAL CELL:

CYTOPLASM SMOOTH ER CELL MEMBRANE MITOCHONDRIA GOGLI APPARATUS ROUGH ER NUCLEUS LYSOSOME CELL WALL NUCLEOLUS CHLOROPLAST VESICLE

A.____MITOCHONDRIA______B.____NUCLEUS______C.______NUCLEOLUS______D.______LYSOSOME______E.______SMOOTH ER______F.______CYTOPLASM______G.______CELL MEMBRANE_____ H._____ROUGH ER______I.______GOLGI APPARATUS___ J.______VESICLE______1) There is a higher concentration of substance X inside the cell than out. The cell however still needs more substance X. How will the cell obtain more substance X. a. Diffusion out of the cell b. Active Transport into the cell c. Diffusion into the cell d. Passive Tranport e. Active transport out of the cell

2) Circle ALL the options that require ATP energy. Active Transport Osmosis Phagocytosis Diffusion Pinocytosis Exocytsosis Endocytosis Facilitated Diffusion

3) What process is pictured above, showing a cell swallowing a food molecule? ______Endocytosis______

4) Check out the picture to the left. What is the process called that gets oxygen to the oxygen deficient cell X? a. Osmosis b. Diffusion c. Active Transport d. Endocytosis

5) Label the solutions: ___HYPOTONIC______HYPERTONIC______ISOTONIC_____ STATION #3: ORGANIC CHEM / ENERGY

1) Fill in the blanks: Organic Molecule Monomer Polymer Carbohydrates Monosaccharide Polysaccharide Lipids Fatty Acids Lipid Proteins Amino acids Polypeptides Nucleic Acids Nucleotide Nucleic Acids

2) Use the four monomer choices to answer the following questions:

A. Monosaccharide B. Fatty Acids C. Amino Acids D. Nucleotides

__D_ What forms the genetic code of a species? __B_ Which forms with a glycerol molecule to form wax? _D__ Which is made from a sugar, phosphate and nitrogen base? __A_ Which is a chain of C, H and O atoms in a ratio of 1:2:1? _C__ Which will form the basis of an enzyme?

3) Which is an example of an organic molecule?

4) Define the following water properties: Polar - _PART OF A MOLECULE IS SLIGHT POSITIVE, WHILE THE OTHER PART IS SLIGHT NEGATIVE.______Cohesion - _POLAR WATER MOLECULES ARE ATTRACTED TO OTHER POLAR WATER MOLECULES.______Adhesion - _ POLAR WATER MOLECULES STICK TO OTHER MOLECULES. ______High Specific Heat - __RESISTS TEMPERATURE CHANGE. HELPS MAINTAIN CONSTANT BODY TEMPERATURE.______

5) Which solution is more acidic? a. Cola b. Baking Soda c. Saliva d. Lemon juice e. Blood 1) Write the chemical equation for photosynthesis: _CO2 + H20 + SUNLIGHT = O2 + GLUCOSE (C6H12O6)_ 2) During light dependent stage (light reactions) of photosynthesis sunlight is used to create: a. ATP b. ADP c. Glucose d. Chlorophyll e. CO2 3) Which organelle performs photosynthesis? __CHLOROPLAST____ 4) Photosynthesis is endergonic because it uses: a. Glucose b. ATP c. Water d. Sunlight e. ADP 5) True or False: Green light provides the most energy for photosynthesis. 6) List the two steps of cellular respiration. ___GLYCOLYSIS______AEROBIC RESPIRATION______7) Where does glycolysis occur? a. Cytoplasm b. Nucleus c. Mitochondria d. Blood e. Smooth ER

ATP 8) What is released when ATP is broken into ADP? a. Heat energy b. Water c. 2 ATP d. Oxygen e. Carbon dioxide

9) Bread rises during anaerobic alcoholic fermentation because which gas is being released into the air? a. Oxygen b. Carbon dioxide c. Glucose d. Sunlight e. Methane STATION 4: MITOSIS/MEIOSIS/CHROMOSOMES

MATCH THE PHASE TO THE DESCRIPTION

A. Interphase B. Prophase C. Metaphase D. Anaphase E. Telophase

1. The sister chromatids move apart __ANAPHASE______2. A new nuclear membrane forms around chromosomes __TELOPHASE______3. The cytoplasm of the cell is dividing _TELOPHASE______4. Chromosomes are lined up in the middle of the cell ___METAPHASE______5. Cells perform normal functions ___INTERPHASE______6. Chromatin condenses and form chromosomes __PROPHASE______7. Spindle fiber begins to form __PROPHASE______8. Spindle fibers connect to centromeres ___METAPHASE______9. DNA duplicates __INTERPHASE______10. A cell plate develops separating two daughter plant cells ___TELOPHASE______

EXAMINE THE BELOW DOG KARYOTYPE AND ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS

1. Is this dog a male or female? ____MALE______2. What is the diploid number of chromosomes? ___68____ 3. What is the haploid number of chromosomes? ___39____ 4. How many chromosomes are found in a muscle cell? __68_____ 5. How many chromosomes are found in a sperm cell? ___39_____ 6. How many chromosomes would be in a zygote cell? ___68____ 7. How many chromosomes in a somatic cell? ___68___ 8. How many chromosomes in a gamete? __39____ LABEL THE BELOW PICTURE

A = __CENTRIMERE______

B = __CHROMATIDS______

C= __CHROMOSOME______

DESIGNATE WHETHER THE FOLLOWING DESCRIBES MITOSIS OR MEIOSIS OR BOTH __MEIOSIS_____ Produces haploid cells __MEIOSIS_____ Occurs in germ cells (produces sex cells) __MITOSIS & MEIOSIS____ Occurs in plant and animal cells __MEIOSIS_____ In humans, produces cells with 23 chromosomes __MITOSIS & MEIOSIS____ Involves cellular division __MITOSIS & MEIOSIS____ DNA is copied once __MITOSIS_____ Occurs in body (somatic) cells __MEIOSIS_____ Produces 4 cells __MEIOSIS_____ Homologous chromosomes line up paired with each other __MEIOSIS_____ Has 2 separate divisions __MITOSIS_____ Produces cells that are identical to each other __MITOSIS_____ Produces diploid cells

LABEL THE STAGES OF MITOSIS

Interphase __C__ Prophase __B___ Metaphase __E__ Anaphase __A___ Telophase __D___ STATION 5: GENETICS

1) Hemophilia is a recessive sex-linked genetic disorder found on the X chromosome. Ed has no family history of hemophilia. He married Mary who is a healthy carrier of the hemophilia gene. What is the probability they will have a child with hemophilia? Draw a Punnett square to find the answer. Circle your answer.

ANSWER: 25%

2) Huntington’s disease (H) is a dominant disorder where they healthy allele (h) is recessive. Rebecca is heterozygous with Huntington’s disease and Juan is homozygous recessive. They want to start a family, but also want to know the risk of passing the disease onto their children.

______What is Juan’s genotype? a. HH b. Hh c. hh d. Sick e. Healthy carrier of HD

______What is the probability of Juan & Rebecca having a healthy child? a. 0 b. ¼ c. ½ d. ¾ e. 1

______What is the genotype of a healthy child? a. HH b. Hh c. hh d. Healthy e. Huntington’s disease

3) A man is heterozygous for Type A blood and marries a woman with Type AB blood. What are the chances of them having a child with:

50%_ Type A blood? 25%_ Type B blood? 25%_ Type AB blood? 0%__ Type O blood? 1/64_ Three children with Type AB?

4) Elizabeth is a carrier of sickle cell anemia, a recessive disorder, and is married to Alan, who is homozygous recessive for the disease. They have two children, Sarah and Ben, who are both carriers of the disease. Ben marries Sally who has no family history of sickle cell anemia. Draw their family pedigree and answer the following questions.

What is the probability Ben and Sally will have a child who is a carrier of the disease? _50%__ What is the probability that Ben and Sally will have a sick child? __0%_____ 5) Use the above pedigree to label each individual with their appropriate genotype. This is a recessive inheritance disorder. Use the letter H. There are 4 unknowns.

1 – Hh Example: 2 - hh 3 - Hh 4 - Hh 5 - Hh 6 - hh 7 - Hh 8 – Hh 9 - hh 10 – H? 11 - hh 12 - Hh 13 - Hh 14 - Hh 15 - Hh 16 - hh 17 – H? 18- H? 19 – H? 20 - hh

6) Incomplete Dominance – Cross a homozygous red (RR) carnation with a pink (RW) carnation.

List all the genotype(s) ___RR, RW______List all the phenotype(s) __RED, PINK______What is probability of getting heterozygous flowers? __50%______What is probability of getting red flowers? __50%______

7) Color blindness is a sex-linked recessive disorder. Phyllis is a carrier of the color blind gene but doesn’t suffer from the disorder. She marries Bob who is not color blind, but his father was. They have three children, Greg, Brian and Amy. Brian is color blind. Amy marries Doug, who has no color blindness in his family, and they have one child, Scott. Scott is color blind. Draw the pedigree, including each individual’s genotype.

What is the probability that a child would be a carrier of the colorblind gene, if Scott marries a woman who is homozygous dominant? ______50%______