Conservation Management Zones of Australia Tasman Temperate Forests

Prepared by the Department of the Environment ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This project and associated products are the result of a collaboration between the Biodiversity Conservation Division and the Environmental Resources Information Network (ERIN). Invaluable input, advice and support were provided by staff and leading researchers from across the Department of the Environment (DotE), Department of Agriculture (DoA), the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), and the academic community. We would particularly like to thank staff within the Wildlife, Heritage and Marine Division, Parks Australia and the Environment Assessment and Compliance Division of DotE, Nyree Stenekes and Robert Kancans (ABARES), Sue McIntyre (CSIRO), Richard Hobbs (University of Western Australia), Michael Hutchinson (ANU); David Lindenmayer and Emma Burns (ANU); and Gilly Llewellyn, Martin Taylor and other staff from the World Wildlife Fund for their generosity and advice. Special thanks to CSIRO staff Kristen Williams and Simon Ferrier whose modelling of biodiversity patterns enabled identification of the Conservation Management Zones of Australia. © Commonwealth of Australia, 2015. The Conservation Management Zones of Australia profile is licensed by the Commonwealth of Australia for use under a Creative Commons By Attribution 3.0 Australia licence with the exception of the Coat of Arms of the Commonwealth of Australia, the logo of the agency responsible for publishing the report, content supplied by third parties, and any images depicting people. For licence conditions see here. Contents 1: Acknowledgement of Traditional Owners and Country

The Australian Government acknowledges Australia’s Traditional Owners and pays respect to Elders past and present of our nation’s Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. We honour the deep spiritual, cultural and customary connections of Traditional Owners to the Australian landscape, including Australia’s waterways, land and sea country. 2: Introduction The 23 Conservation Management Zones of Australia are geographic areas, classified according to their ecological and threat characteristics. The zones are also aligned with the Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation of Australia. The Conservation Management Zones provide a way of understanding Australia’s natural environment that will assist in long-term conservation planning and help the Australian Government to better design, deliver and report on Natural Resource Management (NRM) investments, including ensuring alignment of national NRM priorities with local action. The Conservation Management Zones also provide a filter through which to make national environmental and socio-economic data more accessible and comprehensible, and a framework for gathering on-ground knowledge and expertise about the environment. This will improve information flow to the Australian Government about regional NRM requirements, best practice management, emerging NRM issues and knowledge gaps. The Conservation Management Zones do not represent any change to existing administrative boundaries or governance structures, but aim to support the NRM and wider community to cooperatively manage environmental assets across boundaries, where they share common threats, ecological characteristics and stakeholders. Each Conservation Management Zone profile contains a standard suite of nationally available ecological and socio- economic information. We hope that this information will enable Australians of all ages and backgrounds to engage with, understand and appreciate Australian landscapes, and support all Australians to manage our natural resources more effectively. The profile information provides an indicative, high-level stock-take of the environmental and socio-economic landscape and it is not intended to be comprehensive. It should also be noted that, at present, the profiles contain only limited information on aquatic ecosystems, coastal assets and Indigenous land management practices. In future, consultation and comprehensive literature reviews will enable us to provide more complete information. 3: Zone at a glance

Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data Major cities and towns Population Apollo Bay 1,092 Beauty Point – Bridport – George Town – Scottsdale 8,651 Burnie-Somerset-Penguin-Wynyard 28,028 Deloraine 2,324 Devonport – Latrobe – Port Sorell – Ulverstone 41,074 Dodges Ferry – Lewisham 4,452 Greater Hobart 183,446 Huonville 1,743 Greater Launceston 87,086 Lorne 1,046 Sheffield 1,111 Smithton 3,239 St Helens 1,503

Natural Resource Management (NRM) regions Corangamite Catchment Management Authority (CMA) VIC West Gippsland CMA VIC NRM Cradle Coast TAS NRM North TAS NRM South TAS

Top five agricultural commodities Value (millions) Dairy $302 Beef $176 Vegetables for consumption $164 Fruit $106 Wool $97 Total value of agricultural commodities (including other commodities not $1,123 listed here)

Climate characteristics* Mean annual temperature 10.5 Celsius Mean Maximum of the Hottest Month 20.5 Celsius Mean Minimum of the Coldest Month 2.4 Celsius Mean Annual Rainfall 1018.4 mm Dominant rainfall season Winter

* The figures are interpolated 75-year means (1921 to 1995) representing the period prior to the onset of rapid climatic warming. Cited in: Williams KJ, Belbin L, Austin MP, Stein J, Ferrier S (2012) Which environmental variables should I use in my biodiversity model? International Journal of Geographic Information Sciences 26(11), 2009–2047. (Data derived from Australian Climate surfaces version 2.1 for the ANUCLIM-BIOCLIM package).

For future climate projections please refer to: http://www.climatechangeinaustralia.gov.au/

Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data

Based on data from the National Native Title Register; Collaborative Australian Protected Area Database (CAPAD); National Vegetation Information System (NVIS); Species’ Profile and Threats Database (SPRAT). 4: Population characteristics

Population Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data Languages spoken at home English 91.77% Other languages 4.20% Not stated 3.92% Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data Education Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data 5: Employment, volunteering and incomes

Employment Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data Volunteering

Income

Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data 6: Agriculture, Natural Resource Management practices and sources of NRM advice Australian farmers manage over 60% of the Australian continent and shoulder much of the burden of responsibility for maintaining and protecting Australia’s natural resource wealth. The information contained in this profile aims to assist the wider community, non-governmental organisations and government agencies to support Australia’s key environmental custodians.

Agricultural commodity values

Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data Natural Resource Management practices and sources of NRM advice

* Data obtained from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) 2012 Land Management Practices Survey (LaMPS) 2012. LaMPS collected land practices information from approximately 50,000 farm businesses across Australia. The data has been aligned to Conservation Management Zones from ABS Statistical Area 2 units and Australian Agricultural Environment units. The % figures presented here are indicative only. For more information on LaMPS please refer to: http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/[email protected]/mf/4630.0 ** The sample for the Drivers of Practice Change 2012 survey consisted of a random subsample of 1228 broadacre farm managers from the Australian Agricultural and Grazing Industries Survey (AAGIS) frame. The data has been aligned to Conservation Management Zones from ABS Statistical Area 2 units. For this reason, the figures presented here are indicative only.

^ This chart indicates the sources of advice utilised for native vegetation management from respondents who identified they sought advice.

For more information please refer to http://www.daff.gov.au/SiteCollectionDocuments/forestry/domestic- forestry/prep-for-future/drivers- 7: Land tenure, land use, Native Title and Local Government Areas

Land tenure data based on Environmental Resources Information Network (ERIN) categorisation of Public Sector Mapping Authority (PSMA) State Tenure 2012; Land use mapping based on Australian Collaborative Land Use and Management Program (ACLUMP) 2012. For more information on Australian land use and management information and classification please refer to: http://www.daff.gov.au/ABARES/aclump/ Indigenous Land Councils Native Title Services Victoria: http://www.ntsv.com.au Tasmanian Aboriginal Land and Sea Council: http://www.talsc.net.au

Native Title and Traditional Owners Traditional Owners Registered Native Title Body Corporate Hectares % of Gunai/Kurnai People 17.49 0.0003zone

The Native Title Tribunal Register, October 2013. For more information please refer to: http://www.nntt.gov.au/Pages/Searchportal.aspx Local Government Areas Break O’day Council TAS Brighton Council TAS Burnie City Council TAS Central Coast Council TAS Central Highlands Council TAS Circular Head Council TAS Clarence City Council TAS Derwent Valley Council TAS Devonport City Council TAS Dorset Council TAS Flinders Council TAS George Town Council TAS Glamorgan-Spring Bay Council TAS Glenorchy City Council TAS Hobart City Council TAS Huon Valley Council TAS Kentish Council TAS King Island Council TAS Kingborough Council TAS Latrobe Council TAS Launceston City Council TAS Meander Valley Council TAS Northern Midlands Council TAS Sorell Council TAS Southern Midlands Council TAS Tasman Council TAS Waratah-Wynyard Council TAS West Coast Council TAS West Tamar Council TAS Colac Otway Shire VIC Corangamite Shire VIC South Gippsland Shire VIC Surf Coast Shire VIC 8: Zone vegetation characteristics

The National Vegetation Information System (NVIS) framework is a nationally consistent vegetation classification system based on vegetation data collected by states and territories. It provides information on the extent and distribution of vegetation types across the Australian landscape. Two products are used to provide the Zone Vegetation Characteristics graph. A modelled pre-European vegetation distribution (pre-1750), and extant (current extent) vegetation, which is based on contemporary vegetation mapping. The information presented here relates to Major Vegetation Subgroups (MVSs). There are 85 MVS types across Australia, describing the structure and floristic composition of dominant and secondary vegetation stratums (e.g. canopy and mid-storey species). Major Vegetation Subgroups only reflect the dominant vegetation type occurring in an area from a mix of vegetation types. Less-dominant vegetation groups which may also be present are therefore not represented. It is important to note that the vegetation information is indicative only, as state and territory mapping in Australia is of variable resolution and scale. However, this data is the best available nationally consistent information on vegetation, and the dataset continues to evolve and increase in accuracy. Analysing this information at Conservation Management Zone, rather than national level provides greater discrimination for decision makers, as clearance levels of vegetation types are not uniform across Australia. For example, eucalypt woodlands with a tussock grass understory is a vegetation type found across Australia. In the Brigalow Woodlands Conservation Management Zone, eucalypt open woodlands with a tussock grass understory originally covered approximately 36% of the zone, but today it only covers only 14.5 % of the zone (58.7% of this vegetation community has been cleared in the Brigalow). In the Northern Australia Tropical Savannah zone, this vegetation type originally occupied 19.6% of the zone. Today, it occupies approximately 19.4% of the zone (only 2.3% of this vegetation type has been cleared). It should be noted that this data only provides an indication of change in extent, and not vegetation condition. For more information on the National Vegetation Information System (NVIS) please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/science-and-research/databases-and-maps/national-vegetation-information- system

9: Ramsar and Nationally Important Wetlands Ramsar wetlands Jurisdiction Hectares Lavinia TAS 6,929 Moulting Lagoon TAS 4,514 East Coast Cape Barren Island Lagoons TAS 4,100 Flood Plain Lower Ringarooma River TAS 3,399 Logan Lagoon TAS 2,243 Apsley Marshes TAS 881 Pitt Water-Orielton Lagoon TAS 383 Corner Inlet TAS 73 Little Waterhouse Lake VIC 56 Jocks Lagoon TAS 19

For more information on Ramsar please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/water/water-our- environment/wetlands/ramsar-convention-wetlands

Nationally Important Wetlands Jurisdiction Hectares Criteria Aire River VIC 708.93 1, 3, 4 Aspley Marshes TAS 654.53 2, 5 Bells Lagoon TAS 63.80 1, 6 Blackman River TAS 7.06 1 Blackmans Lagoon TAS 35.65 5 Bungaree Lagoon TAS 10.14 5 Calverts Lagoon TAS 43.24 1 Cataract Gorge TAS 2.24 5, 6 Clarence Lagoon TAS 33.78 5 Corner Inlet VIC 57.62 1, 3, 4, 5 Douglas River TAS 397.64 1, 5 Dublin Bog TAS 1.08 5 Eagle Tarn Sphagnum TAS 1.81 5 Earlham Lagoon TAS 215.59 5 Elizabeth River Gorge TAS 3.54 5 Fergusons Lagoon TAS 85.98 5 Flyover Lagoon 1 TAS 29.41 5 Flyover Lagoon 2 TAS 27.18 5 Freshwater Lagoon TAS 25.48 5 Glen Morey Saltpan TAS 13.81 1 Glen Morriston Rivulet 1 TAS 1.49 1, 5 Goulds Lagoon TAS 2.51 3 Hardings Falls Forest Reserve TAS 2.28 5 Hogans Lagoon TAS 79.51 5 Jocks Lagoon TAS 6.87 5 Lake Chisholm TAS 4.28 2 Lake Dulverton TAS 225.53 5 Lake Flannigan TAS 162.76 5 Lake Sydney TAS 10.45 2 Lake Tiberius TAS 972.02 5 Lavinia Nature Reserve TAS 1,411.62 3, 4, 5 Little Thirsty Lagoon TAS 1.11 5 Little Waterhouse Lake TAS 12.97 1, 5 Logan Lagoon TAS 1,003.30 1, 2, 3, 5 Lower Aire River Wetlands VIC 88.33 1, 2, 3 Macquarie River 2 TAS 9.17 5 Macquarie River 4 TAS 12.46 5 Mona Vale Saltpan TAS 8.46 1 Moulting Lagoon TAS 2,743.15 1, 3, 6 Near Lagoon TAS 14.69 1, 5 Orielton Lagoon TAS 15.87 3, 4, 5 Oyster Cove TAS 5.18 6 Pearshape Lagoon 1 TAS 6.71 1 Pearshape Lagoon 2 TAS 2.61 1 River Derwent TAS 977.45 5 Sellars Lagoon TAS 1,213.95 5 South East Cape Lakes TAS 12.38 1, 5 South Esk River TAS 14.79 5 Stans Lagoon TAS 18.14 5 Surveyors Creek TAS 8.92 5 The Chimneys TAS 5.73 5 Thompsons Lagoon TAS 55.98 5 Tin Dish Rivulet TAS 5.17 1, 5 Township Lagoon TAS 6.37 1, 4, 5 Tregaron Lagoons 1 TAS 12.60 5 Tregaron Lagoons 2 TAS 5.41 5 White Lagoon TAS 10.65 1, 6 Nationally important wetlands are defined according to the following criteria: 1. It is a good example of a wetland type occurring within a biogeographic region in Australia. 2. It is a wetland which plays an important ecological or hydrological role in the natural functioning of a major wetland system/complex. 3. It is a wetland which is important as the habitat for animal taxa at a vulnerable stage in their life cycles, or provides a refuge when adverse conditions such as drought prevail. 4. The wetland supports 1% or more of the national populations of any native plant or animal taxa. 5. The wetland supports native plant or animal taxa or communities which are considered endangered or vulnerable at the national level. 6. The wetland is of outstanding historical or cultural significance. Please note, the above are a subset of all the Nationally Important Wetlands found within the Zone. For more information on Nationally Important Wetlands please see: http://www.environment.gov.au/resource/directory- important-wetlands-australia-third-edition 10: World and National Heritage Heritage values World or National Heritage Jurisdiction Hectares % of type zone Tasmanian Wilderness World and National Natural TAS 402,976 8.57 Australian Convict Sites World Cultural TAS 3,158 0.07 (Darlington Probation Station) Western Tasmania National Indigenous TAS 11,221 0.24 Aboriginal Cultural Landscape Great Ocean Road National Historic VIC 3,893 0.08 and Scenic Environs Brickendon Estate National Historic TAS 458 0.01 Darlington Probation National Historic TAS 368 0.01 Station Recherche Bay National Historic TAS 344 0.01 (North East Peninsula) Area Coal Mines Historic Site National Historic TAS 265 0.01 Port Arthur Historic Site National Historic TAS 191 0.004 Woolmers Estate National Historic TAS 82 0.002 Jordan River levee site National Indigenous TAS 4 0.0001 Cascades Female Factory National Historic TAS 0.6 0.00001 Cascades Female Factory National Historic TAS 0.2 0.00000 Yard 4 North 3 Richmond Bridge National Historic TAS 0.1 0.00000 2

Please refer to the Australian Heritage Database for detailed information on listing criteria for these heritage values: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/publications-and-resources/australian- heritage-database

For more information on Australia’s world and national heritage please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/about-australias-heritage 11: Major National Reserve System properties Major National Reserve System properties Name Property type IUCN Jurisdictio Hectares % of zone category n Southwest National Park II TAS 198,580 4.22 Great Otway National Park II VIC 76,181 1.62 Franklin-Gordon National Park II TAS 51,323 1.09 Wild Rivers Wilsons Promontory National Park II VIC 40,542 0.86 Arthur-Pieman Conservation Area VI TAS 26,383 0.56 Wilsons Promontory Wilderness Zone – IB VIC 21,870 0.47 Schedule 5, National Parks Act Cameron Regional Reserve VI TAS 20,320 0.43 Cradle Mountain-Lake National Park II TAS 18,970 0.40 St Clair Mount William National Park II TAS 18,456 0.39 Ben Lomond National Park II TAS 18,192 0.39 Wellington Park Other Conservation Area II TAS 18,025 0.38 Freycinet National Park II TAS 16,531 0.35 Douglas-Apsley National Park II TAS 15,834 0.34 Mount Field National Park II TAS 15,824 0.34 Southern Wilsons Remote and Natural Area – II VIC 14,273 0.30 Promontory R.N.A. Schedule 6, National Parks Act Wingaroo Nature Reserve IA TAS 10,767 0.23 Tasman National Park II TAS 10,676 0.23 Maria Island National Park II TAS 10,172 0.22 Mount Victoria Forest Reserve IV TAS 8,275 0.18 Lungatalanana Indigenous Protected Area V TAS 8,092 0.17 Sellars Lagoon Game Reserve VI TAS 7,781 0.17 Lavinia State Reserve II TAS 7,739 0.16 Strzelecki National Park II TAS 7,565 0.16 Hartz Mountains National Park II TAS 7,155 0.15

The IUCN categories are as follows: Ia Strict Nature Reserve IUCN protected area management categories classify protected areas according to their management objectives. The categories are recognised by international bodies such as the United Nations and are utilised by many national governments, including the Australian Government, as the global standard for defining and recording protected areas. Ib Wilderness Area II National Park III Natural Monument or Feature IV Habitat/Species Management Area V Protected Landscape/ Seascape VI Protected area with sustainable use of natural resources

Please refer to the IUCN website for further explanation: http://www.iucn.org/about/work/programmes/gpap_home/gpap_quality/gpap_pacategories/

For more information on Australia’s National Reserve System please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/land/national-reserve-system

Collaborative Australian Protected Area Database 2012. 12: EPBC Act (1999) threatened ecological communities Threatened ecological communities Name Listing % of total distribution* % of zone** status Eucalyptus ovata – Callitris oblonga Forest Vulnerable 100.00 0.11 Lowland Native Grasslands of Tasmania Critically 99.39 0.46 Endangered Alpine Sphagnum Bogs and Associated Fens Endangered 2.46 0.27 Subtropical and Temperate Coastal Saltmarsh Vulnerable 1.65 0.07 Giant Kelp Marine Forests of South East Endangered n/a n/a Australia

* % of the total national distribution describes the proportion of the total national distribution of the Threatened Ecological Community that is found within the zone.

** % of the total zone area describes the proportion of the zone that the Threatened Ecological Community is likely or known to occur in.

It should be noted that the identification of any given Threatened Ecological Community above does not imply that the Threatened Ecological Community (TEC) is found uniformly across the Conservation Management Zone. Rather, the % of the TEC’s total distribution (*) within the zone is an indication of its importance to that zone in terms of conservation efforts. The % of the zone (**) indicates how rare, or difficult the ecological community may be to find within the zone. The threatened ecological communities above are listed under The Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act), which is the Australian Government’s principal environmental legislation. For more information, please refer to http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/communities 13: EPBC Act (1999) threatened species Threatened mammals Common name Scientific name Status % of total % of distributio zone** Common Wombat (Bass Strait) Vombatus ursinus ursinus Vulnerable n*99.99 2.89 Eastern Barred Bandicoot (Tasmania) Perameles gunnii gunnii Vulnerable 98.03 62.29 Tasmanian Devil Sarcophilus harrisii Endangered 63.86 87.61 Spotted-tail Quoll, Spot-tailed Quoll, Dasyurus maculatus Vulnerable 63.58 79.51 Tiger Quoll (Tasmanian population) maculatus (Tasmanian population) Southern Bent-wing Bat Miniopterus schreibersii Critically 9.66 2.77 bassanii Endangered Long-nosed Potoroo (SE mainland) Potorous tridactylus Vulnerable 4.11 3.61 tridactylus Southern Brown Bandicoot (Eastern) Isoodon obesulus obesulus Endangered 1.79 1.46 New Holland Mouse, Pookila Pseudomys Vulnerable 1.25 2.53 novaehollandiae Spot-tailed Quoll, Dasyurus maculatus Endangered 0.46 1.73 Spotted-tail Quoll, Tiger Quoll maculatus (SE mainland (southeastern mainland population) population) Konoom, Smoky Mouse Pseudomys fumeus Endangered 0.18 0.02 Grey-headed Flying-fox Pteropus poliocephalus Vulnerable 0.03 0.09 Southern Right Whale Eubalaena australis Endangered n/a n/a Humpback Whale Megaptera novaeangliae Vulnerable n/a n/a Blue Whale Balaenoptera musculus Endangered n/a n/a

Threatened birds Common name Scientific name Status % of total % of distributio zone** n* Scrubtit (King Island) Acanthornis magna Critically 100.00 0.02 greeniana Endangered Brown Thornbill (King Island) Acanthiza pusilla archibaldi Endangered 99.99 2.32 Masked Owl (Tasmanian) Tyto novaehollandiae Vulnerable 92.11 66.93 castanops (Tasmanian population) Forty-spotted Pardalote Pardalotus quadragintus Endangered 88.64 0.21 Wedge-tailed Eagle (Tasmanian) Aquila audax fleayi Endangered 65.63 95.68 Tasmanian Azure Kingfisher Ceyx azureus diemenensis Endangered 50.50 18.09 Australian Fairy Tern Sternula nereis nereis Vulnerable 9.11 11.16 Swift Parrot Lathamus discolor Endangered 6.69 25.52 Australasian Bittern Botaurus poiciloptilus Endangered 6.00 47.32 Orange-bellied Parrot Neophema chrysogaster Critically 4.16 5.61 Endangered Campbell Albatross Thalassarche melanophris Vulnerable 0.04 1.80 impavida Northern Royal Albatross Diomedea epomophora Endangered 0.03 1.80 sanfordi Salvin’s Albatross Thalassarche cauta salvini Vulnerable 0.03 1.80 Shy Albatross, Tasmanian Shy Albatross Thalassarche cauta cauta Vulnerable 0.03 1.80 Buller’s Albatross, Pacific Albatross Thalassarche bulleri Vulnerable 0.02 0.39 Southern Royal Albatross Diomedea epomophora Vulnerable 0.02 1.80 epomophora Chatham Albatross Thalassarche eremita Endangered 0.02 0.49 Wandering Albatross Diomedea exulans (sensu Vulnerable 0.01 0.75 lato) Antipodean Albatross Diomedea exulans Vulnerable 0.01 0.75 antipodensis White-capped Albatross Thalassarche cauta steadi Vulnerable 0.01 1.80 Gibson’s Albatross Diomedea exulans gibsoni Vulnerable 0.01 0.72 Black-browed Albatross Thalassarche melanophris Vulnerable 0.01 1.78 Southern Giant-Petrel Macronectes giganteus Endangered 0.01 1.66 Australian Painted Snipe Rostratula australis Endangered 0.01 0.04 Regent Honeyeater Anthochaera phrygia Endangered May be May present be presen t Tristan Albatross Diomedea exulans exulans Endangered n/a n/a White-bellied Storm-Petrel (Tasman Fregetta grallaria grallaria Vulnerable n/a n/a Sea), White-bellied Storm-Petrel (Australasian) Grey-headed Albatross Thalassarche chrysostoma Endangered n/a n/a Soft-plumaged Petrel Pterodroma mollis Vulnerable n/a n/a Blue Petrel Halobaena caerulea Vulnerable n/a n/a Northern Giant-Petrel Macronectes halli Vulnerable n/a n/a Gould’s Petrel Pterodroma leucoptera Endangered n/a n/a leucoptera

* % of total distribution describes the proportion of the total national distribution of the threatened species that is found within the zone.

** % of zone describes the proportion of the zone that the threatened species is likely or known to occur in.

The % of zone indicates how rare, or difficult the species may be to find within the zone.

Threatened reptiles Common Name Scientific name Status % of total % of distributio zone** Pedra Branca Skink, Red-throated Skink Niveoscincus palfreymani Vulnerable n*99.02 0.0000 3 Green Turtle Chelonia mydas Vulnerable n/a n/a Loggerhead Turtle Caretta caretta Endangered n/a n/a Leatherback Turtle, Leathery Turtle, Luth Dermochelys coriacea Endangered n/a n/a

Other threatened fauna Common name Scientific name Status % of total % of distributio zone** Bornemissza’s Stag Beetle Hoplogonus bornemisszai Critically n*100 0.12 Endangered Francistown Cave Cricket, Micropathus kiernani Critically 100 2.04 Southern sandstone cave cricket Endangered Central North Burrowing Crayfish Engaeus granulatus Endangered 100 0.87 Broad-toothed Stag Beetle, Wielangta Lissotes latidens Endangered 100 0.49 Stag Beetle Blind Velvet Worm Tasmanipatus Endangered 100 0.11 anophthalmus Mount Arthur Burrowing Crayfish Engaeus orramakunna Vulnerable 100 0.32 Scottsdale Burrowing Crayfish Engaeus spinicaudatus Endangered 100 0.18 Simson’s Stag Beetle Hoplogonus simsoni Vulnerable 100 0.02 Vanderschoor’s Stag Beetle Hoplogonus vanderschoori Vulnerable 100 0.13 Tasmanian Chaostola Skipper, Heath- Antipodia chaostola Endangered 100 3.43 sand Skipper leucophaea Furneaux Burrowing Crayfish Engaeus martigener Endangered 99.99 1.55 Swan Galaxias Galaxias fontanus Endangered 99.97 0.26 Burnie Burrowing Crayfish Engaeus yabbimunna Vulnerable 99.67 0.08 Marrawah Skipper, Alpine Sedge Oreisplanus munionga Vulnerable 99.58 0.37 Skipper, Alpine Skipper larana a land snail, a charopid land snail Discocharopa vigens Critically 95.94 0.37 Endangered Tasmanian Giant Freshwater Lobster, Astacopsis gouldi Vulnerable 82.03 0.22 Giant Lobster, Giant Freshwater Crayfish Clarence Galaxias Galaxias johnstoni Endangered 42.67 0.24 Ptunarra Brown, Ptunarra Brown Oreixenica ptunarra Endangered 31.46 0.15 Butterfly, Ptunarra Xenica Tasmanian Live-bearing Seastar Parvulastra vivipara Vulnerable 15.71 0.77 Eastern Dwarf Galaxias, Dwarf Galaxias Galaxiella pusilla Vulnerable 12.58 4.36 Growling Grass Frog, Southern Bell Litoria raniformis Vulnerable 11.38 0.03 Frog, Green and Golden Frog, Warty Swamp Frog Spotted Handfish, Spotted-hand Fish Brachionichthys hirsutus Critically 10.69 2.39 Endangered Swamp Galaxias Galaxias parvus Vulnerable 6.22 55.69 Ziebell’s Handfish, Waterfall Bay Brachiopsilus ziebelli Vulnerable 5.45 0.38 Handfish Australian Grayling Prototroctes maraena Vulnerable 3.94 0.16 Red Handfish Thymichthys politus Critically 2.55 0.04 Endangered Derwent River Seastar Marginaster littoralis Critically 0.09 0.91 Endangered Yarra Pygmy Perch Nannoperca obscura Vulnerable 0.07 0.01 Golden Sun Moth Synemon plana Critically May be May Endangered present be presen t School Shark, Eastern School Shark, Galeorhinus galeus Conservation n/a n/a Snapper Shark, Tope, Soupfin Shark Dependent Eastern Gemfish Rexea solandri (eastern Conservation n/a n/a Australian population) Dependent Great White Shark Carcharodon carcharias Vulnerable n/a n/a Whale Shark Rhincodon typus Vulnerable n/a n/a Southern Bluefin Tuna Thunnus maccoyii Conservation n/a n/a Dependent

Threatened flora Common Name Scientific name Status % of total % of distributio zone** n* Shy Susan Tetratheca gunnii Critically 100 0.04 Endangered Stuart’s Heath Epacris stuartii Critically 100 0.02 Endangered Masked Eyebright, Masked Cliff Euphrasia sp. Bivouac Bay Endangered 100 0.02 Eyebright (W.R.Barker 7626 et al.) Border Heath Epacris limbata Critically 100 0.11 Endangered Robust Leek-orchid Prasophyllum robustum Critically 100 0.01 Endangered Grand Heath, Tall Heath Epacris grandis Endangered 100 0.29 Moleskin Dogwood Pomaderris pilifera subsp. Vulnerable 100 0.00 talpicutica Roadside Wallaby Grass Rytidosperma popinensis Endangered 100 1.47 Tasmanian Bertya Bertya tasmanica subsp. Endangered 100 0.10 tasmanica Davies’ Waxflower, St Helens Waxflower Phebalium daviesii Critically 100 0.08 Endangered Sky-blue Sun-orchid Thelymitra jonesii Endangered 100 2.48 Tailed Spider-orchid Caladenia caudata Vulnerable 100 16.58 Gunn’s Boronia, Cataract Gorge Boronia Boronia gunnii Vulnerable 100 0.62 Three Hummock Leek-orchid Prasophyllum atratum Critically 100 0.00 Endangered Marsh Leek-orchid Prasophyllum limnetes Critically 100 0.00 Endangered Tunbridge Buttercup Ranunculus prasinus Endangered 100 2.16 Mt Cameron Heath, Granite Heath Epacris graniticola Critically 100 0.20 Endangered Midland Greenhood Pterostylis commutata Critically 100 5.49 Endangered Creeping Dusty Miller Spyridium obcordatum Vulnerable 100 1.22 Golfers Leek-orchid Prasophyllum incorrectum Critically 100 0.27 Endangered Velvet Boronia Boronia hippopala Vulnerable 100 0.66 Mt Arthur Boronia Boronia hemichiton Vulnerable 100 1.06 Lindley’s Spider-orchid Caladenia lindleyana Critically 100 0.14 Endangered Spreading Stenanthemum, Propellor Stenanthemum pimeleoides Vulnerable 100 0.02 Plant Ciliolate Hebe Veronica ciliolata Vulnerable 100 0.03 Myrtle Elbow Orchid Arthrochilus huntianus Critically 100 0.01 subsp. nothofagicola Endangered Black-tipped Spider-orchid Caladenia anthracina Critically 100 1.30 Endangered Thick-stem Caladenia Caladenia campbellii Critically 100 0.08 Endangered Sagg Spider-orchid Caladenia saggicola Critically 100 0.01 Endangered Forest Fingers Caladenia sylvicola Critically 100 0.06 Endangered Robust Fingers Caladenia tonellii Critically 100 0.24 Endangered South Esk Pine Callitris oblonga Endangered 100 0.12 subsp. oblonga Rosy Spider-orchid, Pale Spider-orchid, Caladenia pallida Critically 100 0.08 Summer Spider-orchid Endangered Short-spiked Midge-orchid Genoplesium Endangered 100 0.20 brachystachyum None Prasophyllum amoenum Endangered 100 0.02 Tapered Leek-orchid Prasophyllum apoxychilum Endangered 100 0.48 Pungent Leek-orchid Prasophyllum olidum Critically 100 0.03 Endangered Knocklofty Leek-orchid Prasophyllum perangustum Critically 100 0.00 Endangered Ben Lomond Leek-orchid Prasophyllum stellatum Critically 100 0.50 Endangered Tunbridge Leek-orchid Prasophyllum tunbridgense Endangered 100 0.19 Reflexed Everlasting Ozothamnus reflexifolius Vulnerable 100 0.03 Graveside Leek-orchid Prasophyllum taphanyx Critically 100 0.03 Endangered Basalt Guinea-flower Hibbertia basaltica Endangered 100 0.12 Sand Grasstree Xanthorrhoea arenaria Vulnerable 100 0.08 Scrambling Ground-fern Hypolepis distans Endangered 99.99 2.49 Variable Smoke-bush Conospermum hookeri Vulnerable 99.99 0.31 Freycinet Waxflower Philotheca freyciana Endangered 99.99 0.02 Bearded Heath, Freycinet Heath Epacris barbata Endangered 99.99 0.65 Buftons Eyebright, Hairy Cliff Eyebright Euphrasia phragmostoma Vulnerable 99.99 0.01 Snake Orchid Diuris lanceolata Endangered 99.99 0.65 Clubmoss Bush-pea Stonesiella selaginoides Endangered 99.98 0.63 Arthur River Greenhood Pterostylis rubenachii Endangered 99.98 0.08 Apsley Heath Epacris apsleyensis Endangered 99.98 0.41 Chestnut Leek-orchid Prasophyllum castaneum Critically 99.98 0.17 Endangered Western Leek-orchid Prasophyllum favonium Critically 99.97 0.18 Endangered Milford Leek-orchid Prasophyllum milfordense Critically 99.97 0.04 Endangered Firth’s Midge-orchid Genoplesium firthii Critically 99.92 0.06 Endangered Small-leaf Spyridium Spyridium lawrencei Endangered 99.91 2.07 Baudin’s Sea-lavender Limonium baudinii Vulnerable 99.91 0.05 Morrisbys Gum Eucalyptus morrisbyi Endangered 99.89 0.06 Peninsula Eyebright Euphrasia semipicta Endangered 99.87 0.14 Swamp Eyebright Euphrasia gibbsiae subsp. Critically 99.75 0.01 psilantherea Endangered Preminghana Billybutton Craspedia preminghana Endangered 99.72 0.001 Shiny Cliff Eyebright Euphrasia amphisysepala Vulnerable 99.7 0.02 Shy Eyebright, Southport Eyebright Euphrasia fragosa Critically 99.69 0.03 Endangered Wrinkled Buttons Leiocarpa gatesii Vulnerable 99.47 0.37 South Esk Heath Epacris exserta Endangered 99.34 15.48 Shiny Grasstree Xanthorrhoea bracteata Endangered 99.24 5.91 Pretty Heath, Dan Hill Heath Epacris virgata Endangered 99.13 1.08 Grassland Greenhood, Cape Portland Pterostylis ziegeleri Vulnerable 98.86 0.42 Greenhood Northern Leek-orchid Prasophyllum secutum Endangered 98.09 6.22 Fleshy Greenhood Pterostylis wapstrarum Critically 97.9 4.64 Endangered Midlands Mimosa, Midlands Wattle Acacia axillaris Vulnerable 95.68 5.05 Basalt Pepper-cress, Peppercress, Lepidium hyssopifolium Endangered 86.76 30.96 Rubble Pepper-cress, Pepperweed Native Wintercress, Riverbed Barbarea australis Endangered 84.49 8.94 Wintercress Pretty Leek-orchid Prasophyllum pulchellum Critically 83.43 0.48 Endangered Windswept Spider-orchid Caladenia dienema Endangered 81.93 0.23 Eastern Spider Orchid Caladenia orientalis Endangered 81.57 0.29 Curtis’ Colobanth Colobanthus curtisiae Vulnerable 80.26 25.06 Pearlwort Sagina diemensis Endangered 67.79 0.63 Pygmy Cypress-pine, Pigmy Cypress- Callitris oblonga Vulnerable 62.03 1.06 pine, Dwarf Cypress-pine Curly Sedge Carex tasmanica Vulnerable 42.78 32.25 Matted Flax-lily Dianella amoena Endangered 34.64 8.72

* % of total distribution describes the proportion of the total national distribution of the threatened species that is found within the zone. ** % of zone describes the proportion of the zone that the threatened species is likely or known to occur in. The % of zone indicates how rare, or difficult the species may be to find within the zone.

The above species are listed under The Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act), the Australian Government’s principal environmental legislation.

Please note that the list of threatened flora species is not comprehensive. The flora listed here have a significant proportion of their total national distribution within the zone. For more information please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/species or the Species Profiles and Threats Database http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/sprat/public/sprat.pl 14: EPBC Act (1999) migratory species Migratory birds Common name Scientific name Antipodean Albatross Diomedea antipodensis Bar-tailed Godwit Limosa lapponica Black-browed Albatross Thalassarche melanophris Black-faced Monarch Monarcha melanopsis Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa Buller’s Albatross Thalassarche bulleri Campbell Albatross Thalassarche impavida Caspian Tern Sterna caspia Cattle Egret Ardea ibis Chatham Albatross Thalassarche eremita Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos Curlew Sandpiper Calidris ferruginea Double-banded Plover Charadrius bicinctus Eastern Curlew Numenius madagascariensis Flesh-footed Shearwater, Puffinus carneipes Fleshy-footed Shearwater Fork-tailed Swift Apus pacificus Gibson’s Albatross Diomedea gibsoni Great Egret, Ardea alba White Egret Great Knot Calidris tenuirostris Greater Sand Plover, Large Sand Plover Charadrius leschenaultii Grey Plover Pluvialis squatarola Grey-headed Albatross Thalassarche chrysostoma Grey-tailed Tattler Heteroscelus brevipes Latham’s Snipe, Gallinago hardwickii Japanese Snipe Lesser Sand Plover, Mongolian Plover Charadrius mongolus Little Curlew, Little Whimbrel Numenius minutus Little Tern Sterna albifrons Marsh Sandpiper, Little Greenshank Tringa stagnatilis Northern Giant-Petrel Macronectes halli Northern Royal Diomedea sanfordi Albatross Oriental Plover, Oriental Dotterel Charadrius veredus Pacific Golden Plover Pluvialis fulva Painted Snipe Rostratula benghalensis (sensu lato) Rainbow Bee-eater Merops ornatus Red Knot, Knot Calidris canutus Red-necked Stint Calidris ruficollis Ruddy Turnstone Arenaria interpres Rufous Fantail Rhipidura rufifrons Salvin’s Albatross Thalassarche salvini Sanderling Calidris alba Satin Flycatcher Myiagra cyanoleuca Sharp-tailed Sandpiper Calidris acuminata Short-tailed Shearwater Puffinus tenuirostris Shy Albatross, Thalassarche cauta (sensu stricto) Tasmanian Shy Albatross Sooty Shearwater Puffinus griseus Southern Giant-Petrel Macronectes giganteus Southern Royal Diomedea epomophora (sensu stricto) Albatross Terek Sandpiper Xenus cinereus Tristan Albatross Diomedea dabbenena Wandering Albatross Diomedea exulans (sensu lato) Whimbrel Numenius phaeopus White-bellied Haliaeetus leucogaster Sea-Eagle White-capped Thalassarche steadi Albatross White-throated Hirundapus caudacutus Needletail Wood Sandpiper Tringa glareola

Other migratory species Common name Scientific name Blue Whale Balaenoptera musculus Bryde’s Whale Balaenoptera edeni Dusky Dolphin Lagenorhynchus obscurus Great White Shark Carcharodon carcharias Green Turtle Chelonia mydas Humpback Whale Megaptera novaeangliae Killer Whale, Orca Orcinus orca Leatherback Turtle, Leathery Turtle, Luth Dermochelys coriacea Loggerhead Turtle Caretta caretta Porbeagle, Mackerel Shark Lamna nasus Pygmy Right Whale Caperea marginata Southern Right Whale Eubalaena australis Whale Shark Rhincodon typus

For more information please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/biodiversity/migratory-species 15: Threatened endemic species Threatened endemic species Taxonomic Scientific name Reservation EPBC Act status IUCN status group status Birds Dromaius ater Unreserved Extinct n/a Crabs, Engaeus australis Recorded in n/a Near Threatened Yabbies, reserves Isopods and Allies Crabs, Engaeus disjuncticus Unreserved n/a Endangered Yabbies, Isopods and Allies Crabs, Engaeus granulatus Recorded in Endangered Critically Yabbies, reserves Endangered Isopods and Allies Crabs, Engaeus martigener Recorded in Endangered Endangered Yabbies, reserves Isopods and Allies Crabs, Engaeus orramakunna Recorded in Vulnerable Near Threatened Yabbies, reserves Isopods and Allies Crabs, Engaeus spinicaudatus Recorded in Endangered Critically Yabbies, reserves Endangered Isopods and Allies Crabs, Engaeus yabbimunna Recorded in Vulnerable Vulnerable Yabbies, reserves Isopods and Allies Crabs, Ombrastacoides pulcher Recorded in n/a Vulnerable Yabbies, reserves Isopods and Allies Fish Brachionichthys hirsutus Recorded in Endangered Critically reserves Endangered Fish Brachiopsilus ziebelli Recorded in Vulnerable n/a reserves Fish Galaxias fontanus Recorded in Endangered Critically reserves Endangered Molluscs Austropyrgus dyerianus Recorded in n/a Vulnerable reserves Molluscs Austropyrgus elongatus Unreserved n/a Data Deficient Molluscs Beddomeia averni Unreserved n/a Vulnerable Molluscs Beddomeia briansmithi Unreserved n/a Vulnerable Molluscs Beddomeia camensis Unreserved n/a Vulnerable Molluscs Beddomeia capensis Unreserved n/a Endangered Molluscs Beddomeia fallax Unreserved n/a Endangered Molluscs Beddomeia forthensis Unreserved n/a Vulnerable Molluscs Beddomeia fultoni Unreserved n/a Vulnerable Molluscs Beddomeia gibba Unreserved n/a Vulnerable Molluscs Beddomeia hallae Unreserved n/a Vulnerable Molluscs Beddomeia inflata Unreserved n/a Vulnerable Molluscs Beddomeia kershawi Unreserved n/a Vulnerable Molluscs Beddomeia kessneri Recorded in n/a Vulnerable reserves Molluscs Beddomeia krybetes Recorded in n/a Vulnerable reserves Molluscs Beddomeia launcestonensis Unreserved n/a Vulnerable Molluscs Beddomeia lodderae Unreserved n/a Vulnerable Molluscs Beddomeia mesibovi Recorded in n/a Vulnerable reserves Molluscs Beddomeia minima Unreserved n/a Vulnerable Molluscs Beddomeia petterdi Recorded in n/a Vulnerable reserves Molluscs Beddomeia phasianella Unreserved n/a Vulnerable Molluscs Beddomeia protuberata Unreserved n/a Vulnerable Molluscs Beddomeia ronaldi Unreserved n/a Vulnerable Molluscs Beddomeia salmonis Unreserved n/a Vulnerable Molluscs Beddomeia tasmanica Recorded in n/a Vulnerable reserves Molluscs Beddomeia topsiae Unreserved n/a Vulnerable Molluscs Beddomeia turnerae Recorded in n/a Vulnerable reserves Molluscs Beddomeia waterhouseae Unreserved n/a Vulnerable Molluscs Beddomeia wilmotensis Unreserved n/a Vulnerable Molluscs Beddomeia wiseae Unreserved n/a Vulnerable Molluscs Nanocochlea monticola Recorded in n/a Vulnerable reserves Molluscs Nanocochlea pupoides Recorded in n/a Vulnerable reserves Molluscs Anoglypta launcestonensis Recorded in n/a Near Threatened reserves Molluscs Allocharopa erskinensis Recorded in n/a Vulnerable reserves Molluscs Pernagera gatliffi Recorded in n/a Vulnerable reserves Molluscs Roblinella agnewi Recorded in n/a Vulnerable reserves Molluscs Helicarion rubicundus Recorded in n/a Vulnerable reserves Molluscs Pasmaditta jungermanniae Unreserved n/a Vulnerable Plants Caladenia anthracina Recorded in Critically n/a reserves Endangered Plants Caladenia caudata Recorded in Vulnerable n/a reserves Plants Caladenia saggicola Unreserved Critically n/a Endangered Plants Corunastylis brachystachya Recorded in Endangered n/a reserves Plants Corunastylis firthii Recorded in Critically n/a reserves Endangered Plants Petalochilus campbellii Unreserved Critically n/a Endangered Plants Petalochilus sylvicola Unreserved Critically n/a Endangered Plants Petalochilus tonellii Recorded in Critically n/a reserves Endangered Plants Prasophyllum amoenum Recorded in Endangered n/a reserves Plants Prasophyllum apoxychilum Recorded in Endangered n/a reserves Plants Prasophyllum atratum Recorded in Critically n/a reserves Endangered Plants Prasophyllum castaneum Recorded in Critically n/a reserves Endangered Plants Prasophyllum favonium Recorded in Critically n/a reserves Endangered Plants Prasophyllum limnetes Recorded in Critically n/a reserves Endangered Plants Prasophyllum milfordense Unreserved Critically n/a Endangered Plants Prasophyllum olidum Recorded in Critically n/a reserves Endangered Plants Prasophyllum perangustum Unreserved Critically n/a Endangered Plants Prasophyllum robustum Unreserved Critically n/a Endangered Plants Prasophyllum stellatum Recorded in Critically n/a reserves Endangered Plants Prasophyllum taphanyx Unreserved Critically n/a Endangered Plants Prasophyllum tunbridgense Recorded in Endangered n/a reserves Plants Pterostylis commutata Recorded in Critically n/a reserves Endangered Plants Pterostylis wapstrarum Unreserved Critically n/a Endangered Plants Pterostylis ziegeleri Recorded in Vulnerable n/a reserves Plants Speculantha atriola Recorded in Endangered n/a reserves Plants Thelymitra jonesii Recorded in Endangered n/a reserves Plants Thynninorchis nothofagicola Unreserved Critically n/a Endangered Plants Xanthorrhoea arenaria Recorded in Vulnerable n/a reserves Plants Argentipallium spiceri Unreserved Critically n/a Endangered Plants Craspedia preminghana Recorded in Endangered n/a reserves Plants Ozothamnus reflexifolius Recorded in Vulnerable n/a reserves Plants Sagina diemensis Recorded in Endangered n/a reserves Plants Hibbertia basaltica Unreserved Endangered n/a Plants Epacris apsleyensis Recorded in Endangered n/a reserves Plants Epacris barbata Recorded in Endangered n/a reserves Plants Epacris graniticola Recorded in Critically n/a reserves Endangered Plants Epacris limbata Recorded in Critically n/a reserves Endangered Plants Epacris stuartii Recorded in Critically n/a reserves Endangered Plants Epacris virgata Recorded in Endangered n/a reserves Plants Stonesiella selaginoides Recorded in Endangered n/a reserves Plants Allocasuarina duncanii Recorded in Vulnerable n/a reserves Plants Euphrasia amphisysepala Recorded in Vulnerable n/a reserves Plants Euphrasia fragosa Recorded in Critically n/a reserves Endangered Plants Euphrasia phragmostoma Recorded in Vulnerable n/a reserves Plants Euphrasia semipicta Recorded in Endangered n/a reserves Plants Lasiopetalum micranthum Recorded in Vulnerable n/a reserves Plants Austrodanthonia popinensis Recorded in Endangered n/a reserves Plants Conospermum hookeri Recorded in Vulnerable n/a reserves Plants Boronia gunnii Recorded in Vulnerable n/a reserves Plants Boronia hemichiton Unreserved Vulnerable n/a Plants Boronia hippopala Recorded in Vulnerable n/a reserves Plants Philotheca freyciana Recorded in Endangered n/a reserves

Concentrations of unreserved endemic species

The colour grids and numbers are an indication of the location and number of endemic species that have all their known range outside of the National Reserve System. Concentrations of unreserved endemic species may be useful focal areas for private land conservation efforts. Endemism analyses were provided by the Australian Government Department of Environment Australian Natural Heritage Assessment Tool (ANHAT). The ANHAT database has been compiled from specimens and site records held in state agency wildlife atlases, museum collections, and the work of individual researchers. For more information please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/publications-and-resources/australian- natural-heritage-assessment-tool 16: Invasive species Invasive mammals Common name Scientific name % of total % of distribution* zone** Cat, House Cat, Domestic Cat Felis catus 0.61 99.38 Rabbit, European Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus 0.79 92.35 House Mouse Mus musculus 1.20 91.06 Brown Hare Lepus capensis 3.76 79.40 Black Rat, Ship Rat Rattus rattus 3.34 78.95 Red Fox, Fox Vulpes vulpes 0.46 60.25 Brown Rat, Norway Rat Rattus norvegicus 10.26 41.46 Domestic Dog Canis lupus familiaris 0.72 38.27 Goat Capra hircus 0.65 29.53 Pig Sus scrofa 0.18 13.39 Feral deer species in Australia Feral deer 1.34 10.92 Domestic Cattle Bos taurus 0.17 6.03 Horse Equus caballus May be present May be present

Other invasive fauna Common name Scientific name % of total % of distribution* zone** European Goldfinch Carduelis carduelis 5.24 99.87 Common Starling Sturnus vulgaris 2.17 99.43 Skylark Alauda arvensis 7.24 99.42 Common Blackbird, Eurasian Blackbird Turdus merula 5.11 99.41 House Sparrow Passer domesticus 1.58 99.19 European Greenfinch Carduelis chloris 22.63 94.96 Rock Pigeon, Rock Dove, Domestic Pigeon Columba livia 1.68 91.24 Mallard Anas platyrhynchos 5.91 88.98 Spotted Turtle-Dove Streptopelia chinensis 3.05 54.04 Common Myna, Indian Myna Acridotheres tristis 1.67 18.32 Indian Peafowl, Peacock Pavo cristatus 35.10 5.36 California Quail Callipepla californica 98.56 5.21 Wild Turkey Meleagris gallopavo 34.99 5.21 Common Pheasant Phasianus colchicus 34.71 5.21 Asian House Gecko Hemidactylus frenatus 0.87 4.16 Eurasian Tree Sparrow Passer montanus 0.17 1.01 Song Thrush Turdus philomelos 0.15 0.12 Red Junglefowl, Domestic Fowl Gallus gallus 1.03 0.01

* % of the total national distribution of the invasive species found within the zone.

** % of the total zone area that the invasive species is likely or known to occur in. Invasive flora Common name Scientific name % of total % of distribution* zone** Gorse, Furze Ulex europaeus 11.62 98.46 Blackberry, European Blackberry Rubus fruticosus 5.52 97.75 aggregate Willows except Weeping Willow, Pussy Salix spp. except 6.68 93.56 Willow and Sterile Pussy Willow S.babylonica, S.x calodendron & S.x reichardtii Boneseed Chrysanthemoides 8.30 56.17 monilifera subsp. monilifera Broom, English Broom, Scotch Broom, Cytisus scoparius 10.40 52.74 Common Broom, Scottish Broom, Spanish Broom Bridal Creeper, Bridal Veil Creeper, Asparagus asparagoides 2.61 45.62 Smilax, Florist’s Smilax, Smilax Asparagus Montpellier Broom, Cape Broom, Canary Genista monspessulana 13.76 43.62 Broom, Common Broom, French Broom, Soft Broom African Boxthorn, Boxthorn Lycium ferocissimum 2.52 28.16 Bitou Bush, Boneseed Chrysanthemoides 15.38 23.22 monilifera Serrated Tussock, Yass River Tussock, Nassella trichotoma 3.53 21.72 Yass Tussock, Nassella Tussock (NZ) Chilean Needle grass Nassella neesiana 1.03 5.72 Madeira Vine, Jalap, Lamb’s-tail, Anredera cordifolia 2.55 5.05 Mignonette Vine, Anredera, Gulf Madeiravine, Heartleaf Madeiravine, Potato Vine Asparagus Fern, Climbing Asparagus Fern Asparagus scandens 10.70 4.38 Flax-leaved Broom, Mediterranean Broom, Genista linifolia 1.32 1.14 Flax Broom Prickly Pears Opuntia spp. 0.10 0.85 Climbing Asparagus, Climbing Asparagus Asparagus africanus 1.93 0.51 Fern Ward’s Weed Carrichtera annua May be present May be present Olive, Common Olive Olea europaea May be present May be present Broom Genista sp. X Genista May be present May be monspessulana present

* % of the total national distribution of the invasive species found within the zone.

** % of the total zone area that the invasive species is likely or known to occur in.

It should be noted that the identification of any given invasive species above does not imply that the species is found uniformly across the Conservation Management Zone. The % of the zone area (**) indicates how common or rare the species may be within the zone. For more information on invasive species please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/biodiversity/invasive-species Vegetation profiles and management recommendations

Vegetation extent information and species lists contained in the vegetation profiles are based on analysis from the National Vegetation Information System (NVIS), including analysis of Major Vegetation Subgroups and NVIS Level V descriptions. Please see http://www.environment.gov.au/node/18930 for more information. The management recommendations have been drawn from EPBC Act Recovery Plans, EPBC Act Ecological Communities Listing Advice and other sources. The recommendations are indicative only. Systematic reviews of management literature, consultation processes and improved Natural Resource Management program monitoring and evaluation will support development of a comprehensive set of management recommendations over time.

Eucalyptus open forests with a shrubby understorey vegetation profile

68.33% Remaining

Commonly found species within this community Eucalyptus obliqua; Eucalyptus tenuiramis; Eucalyptus amygdalina; Eucalyptus nitida; Eucalyptus pulchella; Eucalyptus globulus; Eucalyptus viminalis; Eucalyptus rubida; Banksia marginata; Acacia dealbata; Leptospermum spp.; Allocasuarina littoralis; Goodenia ovata; Acacia verticillata; Tasmannia lanceolata; Gahnia grandis; Exocarpos cupressiformis; Epacris impressa; Pultenaea juniperina; Richea sprengelioides; Tetrarrhena juncea; Poa labillardierei; Blechnum nudum; Pteridium esculentum; omandra longifolia; fern; rush.

Management recommendations Protection Sustainable Rehabilitati Fire Wildlife Weed Feral Disease Agricultural on Manageme Manageme Manageme Animal Manageme Practice nt nt nt Manageme nt nt Protect t remnants from clearing. Protect hollow- bearing trees. Protect standing dead trees and fallen timber.

Eucalyptus (+/- tall) open forest with a dense broad-leaved and/or tree-fern understorey (wet sclerophyll) vegetation profile

65.66% Remaining

Commonly found species within this community Eucalyptus regnans; Eucalyptus obliqua; Eucalyptus delegatensis subsp. Tasmaniensis; Eucalyptus brookeriana; Eucalyptus amygdalina; Nothofagus cunninghamii; Atherosperma moschatum; Acacia dealbata; Pittosporum bicolor; Coprosma quadrifida; Olearia argophylla; Pomaderris apetala; Microsorum pustulatum; Polystichum proliferum; Microsorum pustulatum; Blechnum spp.; Dicksonia antarctica; fern.

Management recommendations Protection Sustainable Rehabilitati Fire Wildlife Weed Feral Disease Agricultural on Manageme Manageme Manageme Animal Manageme Practice nt nt nt Manageme nt nt Avoid If foresting, Disturbanc Protect and Manage further ensure e from fire maintain feral cats. fragmentati forestry is essential hollow on and practices for bearing clearance support regeneratio trees as of forests. regeneratio n of these n of both mountain provide Maintain understorey ash forests. habitat for standing and tree- dead trees, Research overstorey dwelling leaf litter suggests species. mammals. and fallen that the timber. Minimise mean In forests soil interval that have Eucalyptus open forests with a grassy understorey vegetation profile

82.13% Remaining

Commonly found species within this community Eucalyptus viminalis; Eucalyptus amygdalina; Eucalyptus delegatensis; Eucalyptus morrisbyi; Eucalyptus dalrympleana; Bursaria spinosa; Allocasuarina verticillata; Dodonaea viscosa; Acacia dealbata; Acacia mearnsii; Acacia melanoxylon; Banksia marginata; Exocarpos cupressiformis; Poa spp.; Austrodanthonia spp.; Pteridium esculentum; Lomandra longifolia; Themeda triandra; tussock grass; rush.

Management recommendations Protection Sustainable Rehabilitati Fire Wildlife Weed Feral Disease Agricultural on Manageme Manageme Manageme Animal Manageme Practice nt nt nt Manageme nt nt Encourage Where Encourage If few, or no Implement uptake of possible, regeneratio hollow hygiene conservatio exclude n through bearing practices to n livestock fencing and trees are avoid agreements from stock present spread of and remnants. exclusion. within disease, covenants Do not plant remnants such as Avoid spray on private into high then place avoiding drift from land. quality sites nest boxes introduction adjacent as this for of foreign Protect paddocks disturbs mammals soil or plant riparian into natural and birds material. zones and remnants. succession on larger avoid patterns trees. riverbank and Monitor and erosion composition manage through al boxes maintaining balance. regularly for native invasive vegetation. Where species. necessary, Retain Ensure undertake standing fencing is revegetatio dead trees wildlife n using and fallen friendly. No locally timber and electrical sourced ban fencing of seed and/or firewood bottom tube stock. collection strand, and and timber Fence no barbed harvesting. paddock wire. trees in nearby agricultural land as these provide critical landscape linkages. Eucalyptus woodlands with a shrubby understorey vegetation profile

3.09% Remaining

Commonly found species within this community Eucalyptus obliqua; Eucalyptus ovata; Eucalyptus viminalis subsp. Viminalis; Eucalyptus perriniana; Eucalyptus baxteri; Melaleuca squarrosa; Leptospermum continentale; Banksia marginata; Xanthorrhoea australis; Epacris lanuginosa; Hypolaena fastigiata; Sprengelia incarnata; Baloskion tetraphyllum; Gahnia sieberiana; Selaginella uliginosa; Tetratheca ciliata; Gahnia radula; sedge; heath; shrub; forb.

Management recommendations Protection Sustainable Rehabilitati Fire Wildlife Weed Feral Disease Agricultural on Manageme Manageme Manageme Animal Manageme Practice nt nt nt Manageme nt nt Encourage Where Encourage Too If few, or no uptake of possible, regeneratio frequent hollow conservatio exclude n through and intense bearing n livestock fencing and fires can trees are agreements from stock impact present and remnants. exclusion. upon the within covenants Do not plant regeneratio remnants Avoid spray on private into high n capacity then place drift from land. quality sites of nest boxes adjacent as this remnants. for Protect paddocks disturbs mammals riparian into natural and birds zones and remnants. succession on larger avoid patterns trees. riverbank and Monitor and erosion composition manage through Cool temperate rainforest vegetation profile

90.93% Remaining

Commonly found species within this community Athrotaxis selaginoides; Athrotaxis cupressoides; Nothofagus cunninghamii; Nothofagus gunnii; Eucalyptus coccifera; Eucryphia milliganii; Phyllocladus aspleniifolius; Leptospermum rupestre; Atherosperma moschatum; Archeria hirtella; Agastachys odorata; Olearia pinifolia; Olearia persoonioides; Trochocarpa gunnii; Archeria eriocarpa; Diselma archeri; Richea pandanifolia; Blechnum wattsii; Polystichum proliferum; Gleichenia alpina; Prionotes cerinthoides; Astelia alpina; Empodisma minus; Grammitis billardierei; fern; epiphyte; heath; shrub.

Management recommendations Protection Sustainable Rehabilitati Fire Wildlife Weed Feral Disease Agricultural on Manageme Manageme Manageme Animal Manageme Practice nt nt nt Manageme nt nt Encourage Ensure Improve the Fire Raise Implement Implement uptake of apiarists connectivity intervals of public control mea strict conservatio maintain of remnants <100 years awareness sures for hygiene n strict through result in the to reduce non-native protocols to agreements surveillanc facilitating loss of cool road predators, prevent and e of hives regrowth temperate mortality such as spread of covenants during as well as rainforest. rates of cats. Myrtle wilt on private leatherwoo active Fire should threatened However, (which land. d honey replanting. therefore mammals. ensure that affects production be feral cat Nothofagus Establish (in order to excluded trapping cunningha and prevent the as much as and mii) and maintain a establishm possible. poisoning Phytophtho captive ent of feral does not ra Some cool breeding bee have cinnamomi. temperate program populations adverse This includ rainforest for ). affects on es species Tasmanian Tasmanian managing may spotted-tail spotted-tail public and survive or quolls. quolls. vehicle regenerate access, Improve if the fires and forestry are cool preventing practices to and the the eliminate or remnant is introduction reduce long of foreign negative unburnt soil and consequen (>100 plant ces years). material. on fauna. Other cool temperate rainforest species, such as pines, may be lost permanentl y in fire events. Low closed forest or tall closed shrublands (including Acacia, Melaleuca and Banksia) vegetation profile

56.53% Remaining

Commonly found species within this community Leptospermum lanigerum; Melaleuca ericifolia; Pomaderris apetala; Acacia longifolia subsp. Sophorae; Ozothamnus turbinatus; Acacia melanoxylon; Melaleuca squarrosa; Leucopogon parviflorus; Banksia marginata; Notelaea ligustrina; Gahnia grandis; Carex appressa; Olearia argophylla; Coprosma quadrifida; Leptospermum continentale; Triglochin procera; Stellaria angustifolia; Rhagodia candolleana; Isolepis nodosa; Acaena pallida; Eleocharis acuta; Blechnum nudum; Ehrharta stipoides; Hypolepis rugosula; Poa labillardierei; Polystichum proliferum; Viola hederacea; fern; tussock grass; forb; sedge; other grass.

Management recommendations Protection Sustainable Rehabilitati Fire Wildlife Weed Feral Disease Agricultural on Manageme Manageme Manageme Animal Manageme Practice nt nt nt Manageme nt nt Retain Fence Fence to Fire should Control Implement fallen remnants. allow be low woody strict timber and natural intensity. weeds such hygiene Exclude ban regeneratio as gorse regimes to stock Burn at 10– firewood n. and avoid altogether 15 year collection. blackberry. spread of whilst Use seed intervals in Phytophtho remnants sourced banksia In remnants ra are directly dominant containing cinnamomi. regeneratin from the remnants to banksia, Temperate tussock grasslands vegetation profile

100% Remaining

Commonly found species within this community Poa labillardierei; Themeda triandra; Eucalyptus amygdalina; Eucalyptus rodwayi; Eucalyptus viminalis; Eucalyptus gunnii; Eucalyptus delegatensis; Tasmannia lanceolata; Olearia pinifolia; Leucopogon hookeri; Acacia dealbata; Poa rodwayi; Schoenus spp.; Austrodanthonia spp.; Austrostipa spp.; Poa clivicola; tussock grass.

Management recommendations Protection Sustainable Rehabilitati Fire Wildlife Weed Feral Disease Agricultural on Manageme Manageme Manageme Animal Manageme Practice nt nt nt Manageme nt nt Encourage Do not set Fire can be Monitor Monitor and Manage uptake of stock. used to gorse to manage cats, dogs conservatio control see woody and rabbits. However, n incursion of whether it weeds, strategic agreements woody is being such as grazing is and species into utilised as broom, an effective covenants grassland shelter by gorse and tool for on private remnants. bandicoots. Spanish maintaining land. Seek heath. the Burning is advice from Protect diversity recommend Avoid your NRM from and ed when adverse organisatio conversion abundance there is no impacts n prior to to cropping. of gap visible from gorse grassland between chemicals removal if species. tussocks. or other this is the mechanism Seek Autumn is case. s to advice from the best manage the season for weeds. Tasmanian Department burning. of Primary Seek Industries, advice from Parks, the Water and Tasmanian Environme Department nt on of Primary grazing Industries, regimes Parks, that Water and balance Environme productivity nt with Threatened biodiversity Species outcomes. Unit on appropriate burning regimes for your property. Wet tussock grassland with herbs, sedges or rushes, herblands or ferns vegetation profile

99.58% Remaining

Commonly found species within this community Lepidosperma filiforme; Centella cordifolia; Eucalyptus gunnii; Eucalyptus gunnii subsp. Divaricata; Astelia alpina; Gleichenia alpina; Baloskion australe; Billardiera scandens; Glycine clandestina; Imperata cylindrica; Hemarthria uncinata; Microlaena stipoides; Poa spp.; Carex spp.; sedge; fern; heath; tussock grass; rush.

Management recommendations Protection Sustainable Rehabilitati Fire Wildlife Weed Feral Disease Agricultural on Manageme Manageme Manageme Animal Manageme Practice nt nt nt Manageme nt nt Encourage Exclude Develop Eradicate Ensure uptake of stock and and weeds, strict conservatio maintain implement especially hygiene n fences to suitable fire Spanish protocols agreements control manageme heath and are in place and domestic nt Salix spp. to avoid covenants stock strategies Willows. spread of on private access. to protect Phytophtho Undertake land. Alpine ra early Sphagnum cinnamomi. detection Bogs and and