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John F. Kennedy and Berlin Nicholas Labinski Marquette University
Marquette University e-Publications@Marquette Master's Theses (2009 -) Dissertations, Theses, and Professional Projects Evolution of a President: John F. Kennedy and Berlin Nicholas Labinski Marquette University Recommended Citation Labinski, Nicholas, "Evolution of a President: John F. Kennedy and Berlin" (2011). Master's Theses (2009 -). Paper 104. http://epublications.marquette.edu/theses_open/104 EVOLUTION OF A PRESIDENT: JOHN F. KENNEDYAND BERLIN by Nicholas Labinski A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School, Marquette University, in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts Milwaukee, Wisconsin August 2011 ABSTRACT EVOLUTION OF A PRESIDENT: JOHN F. KENNEDYAND BERLIN Nicholas Labinski Marquette University, 2011 This paper examines John F. Kennedy’s rhetoric concerning the Berlin Crisis (1961-1963). Three major speeches are analyzed: Kennedy’s Radio and Television Report to the American People on the Berlin Crisis , the Address at Rudolph Wilde Platz and the Address at the Free University. The study interrogates the rhetorical strategies implemented by Kennedy in confronting Khrushchev over the explosive situation in Berlin. The paper attempts to answer the following research questions: What is the historical context that helped frame the rhetorical situation Kennedy faced? What rhetorical strategies and tactics did Kennedy employ in these speeches? How might Kennedy's speeches extend our understanding of presidential public address? What is the impact of Kennedy's speeches on U.S. German relations and the development of U.S. and German Policy? What implications might these speeches have for the study and execution of presidential power and international diplomacy? Using a historical-rhetorical methodology that incorporates the historical circumstances surrounding the crisis into the analysis, this examination of Kennedy’s rhetoric reveals his evolution concerning Berlin and his Cold War strategy. -
Inaugural History
INAUGURAL HISTORY Here is some inaugural trivia, followed by a short description of each inauguration since George Washington. Ceremony o First outdoor ceremony: George Washington, 1789, balcony, Federal Hall, New York City. George Washington is the only U.S. President to have been inaugurated in two different cities, New York City in April 1789, and his second took place in Philadelphia in March 1793. o First president to take oath on January 20th: Franklin D. Roosevelt, 1937, his second inaugural. o Presidents who used two Bibles at their inauguration: Harry Truman, 1949, Dwight D. Eisenhower, 1953, George Bush, 1989. o Someone forgot the Bible for FDR's first inauguration in 1933. A policeman offered his. o 36 of the 53 U.S. Inaugurations were held on the East Portico of the Capitol. In 1981, Ronald Reagan was the first to hold an inauguration on the West Front. Platform o First platform constructed for an inauguration: Martin Van Buren, 1837 [note: James Monroe, 1817, was inaugurated in a temporary portico outside Congress Hall because the Capitol had been burned down by the British in the War of 1812]. o First canopied platform: Abraham Lincoln, 1861. Broadcasting o First ceremony to be reported by telegraph: James Polk, 1845. o First ceremony to be photographed: James Buchanan, 1857. o First motion picture of ceremony: William McKinley, 1897. o First electronically-amplified speech: Warren Harding, 1921. o First radio broadcast: Calvin Coolidge, 1925. o First recorded on talking newsreel: Herbert Hoover, 1929. o First television coverage: Harry Truman, 1949. [Only 172,000 households had television sets.] o First live Internet broadcast: Bill Clinton, 1997. -
The Secret Service and the JFK Assassination
Digital Commons @ Georgia Law Popular Media Faculty Scholarship 9-5-2012 Intriguing Mystery - The ecrS et Service and the JFK Assassination Donald E. Wilkes Jr. University of Georgia School of Law, [email protected] Repository Citation Wilkes, Donald E. Jr., "Intriguing Mystery - The eS cret Service and the JFK Assassination" (2012). Popular Media. 170. https://digitalcommons.law.uga.edu/fac_pm/170 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Scholarship at Digital Commons @ Georgia Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Popular Media by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Georgia Law. Please share how you have benefited from this access For more information, please contact [email protected]. Intriguing Mystery The Secret Service and the JFK Assassination The conclusion seems inescapable that the Secret Service bungled its responsibilities prior to and during the assassination of JFK. By Donald E. Wilkes, Jr. Wednesday, September 5, 2012 “Kennedy was killed by a breakdown in a protective system that should have made the assassination impossible.”—Robert Groden and Harrison Livingston, High Treason (2d ed. 1989). “The extremely poor performance of the president’s bodyguards has led some people to suspect the Secret Service was somehow involved in a conspiracy to kill Kennedy, although there has never been any proof that this was so.”—James P. Duffy and Vincent L. Ricci, The Assassination of John F. Kennedy (1992). “The reason for their [the Secret Service’s] neglect remains one of the intriguing mysteries of the [Kennedy] assassination.”—Michael L. Kurtz, Crime of the Century (1982). A Major Malfunction On Friday, Nov. -
President Carter's Korean Withdrawal Policy
Loyola University Chicago Loyola eCommons Dissertations Theses and Dissertations 1989 President Carter's Korean Withdrawal Policy Tae Hwan Ok Loyola University Chicago Follow this and additional works at: https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_diss Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Ok, Tae Hwan, "President Carter's Korean Withdrawal Policy" (1989). Dissertations. 2713. https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_diss/2713 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. Copyright © 1989 Tae Hwan Ok PRESIDENT CARTER'S KOREAN WITHDRAWAL POLICY by Tae Hwan Ok A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Loyola University of Chicago in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy November 1989 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This dissertation was initiated and completed during my five years of study as a graduate student at the History Department of Loyola University of Chicago. The greatest debt I owe is to Professor Theodore J. Karamanski. As director, Dr. Karamanski has been intimately associated with my dissertation throughout the course of the study. He has generously given his time. His discussions, clarifications, and suggestions through the course of various drafts were especially fruitful. I wish to thank other members of the committee, Dr. Sheldon s. Cohen and Dr. Mark A. Allee, for their helpful suggestions and comments. I am especially indebted to my wife, Kyung Hee Ok (Mok), and my daughter, Justine Mina, for their encouragement and sacrifices. -
Chapter 11 JFK, Berlin, and the Berlin Crises, 1961-1963
Chapter 11 JFK, Berlin, and the Berlin Crises, 1961-1963 Robert G. Waite When John Kennedy addressed the nation at his swearing-in ceremony on January 20, 1961, he had nothing to say about Berlin, about the on-going crisis over the status of the occupied and divided city. Rather, the newly elected President spoke on other issues, especially “the quest for peace” and the “struggle against the common enemy of man: tyranny, poverty, disease and war itself.”1 Berlin would soon, however, gain his attention. Tensions in the divided city had been growing since the end of World War II and the Berlin Question became a full-blown international crisis in 1958 when Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev announced that the issue of Berlin had to be settled and that if the West did not agree to a peace treaty recognizing East Germany, the German Democratic Republic, his nation would. Access to Berlin would then fall to Walter Ulbricht and his communist government. Such actions meant that the allies would lose more than their strategic foothold in central Europe; their strength and determination to remain firm against the Communists would be thrown into doubt.2 Despite the absence of references to Berlin in his initial addresses as president, JFK had since his election victory begun to focus on Berlin, on the crises over the status of the divided city which could erupt at any time into a full-blown east-west confrontation. During his term of office as President, Kennedy took forceful and deliberate steps to reassure our European allies, West German leaders, and residents of 1 “Inaugural Address. -
International Advance Handbook” of the Robin B
The original documents are located in Box 9, folder “International Advance Handbook” of the Robin B. Martin Papers at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. Copyright Notice The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Gerald R. Ford donated to the United States of America his copyrights in all of his unpublished writings in National Archives collections. Works prepared by U.S. Government employees as part of their official duties are in the public domain. The copyrights to materials written by other individuals or organizations are presumed to remain with them. If you think any of the information displayed in the PDF is subject to a valid copyright claim, please contact the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. Digitized from Box 8 of the Robin B. Martin Papers at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library CONTENTS INTRODUCTION SECTION I STRUCTURE OF AN EMBASSY SECTION II WORKING WITH THE EMBASSY SECTION III WORKING WITH THE HOST GOVERNMENT SECTION IV COMMUNICATIONS SECTION V STATE DEPARTMENT ADMINISTRATIVE DIRECTIVE SECTION VI PRE-ADVANCE AGENDA/TALKING POINTS SECTION VII SCENARIO Visit of Richard Nixon President of the United States to the Azores December, 1971 INTRODUCTION The purpose of this booklet is to introduce you to an International Advance. It is not intended as a check list or an authoritative docwnent, but only as a guide. The International Advance is totally different from any kind of domestic advance. Experience and maturity are probably the key factors since in a foreign country it is necessary that the Advanceman personally represent the President, the Government and the people of the United States in his dealings. -
Ronald Reagan O 1911–2004
Ronald Reagan o 1911–2004 Ronald Reagan Late a President of the United States h MEMORIAL TRIBUTES DELIVERED IN CONGRESS Courtesy Ronald Reagan Library Ronald Reagan j108 TH CONGRESS, 2D SESSION ... HOUSE DOCUMENT NO. 108–227k MEMORIAL SERVICES IN THE CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES AND TRIBUTES IN EULOGY OF Ronald Reagan LATE A PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES Compiled Under the Direction of the Joint Committee on Printing Chairman Robert W. Ney Vice Chairman Saxby Chambliss UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 2005 Senate Concurrent Resolution No. 135 (Mr. FRIST submitted the following concurrent resolution) IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES, July áá, áÖÖâ. Resolved by the Senate (the House of Representatives concurring), SECTION ". COMMEMORATIVE DOCUMENT AUTHOR- IZED. A commemorative document in memory of the late President of the United States, RONALD WILSON REAGAN, consisting of the eu- logies and encomiums for RONALD WILSON REAGAN, as expressed in the Senate and the House of Representatives, together with the texts of the state funeral ceremony at the United States Capitol Rotunda, the national funeral service held at the Washington Na- tional Cathedral, Washington, District of Columbia, and the inter- ment ceremony at the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library, Simi Valley, California, shall be printed as a House document, with illus- trations and suitable binding, under the direction of the Joint Com- mittee on Printing. SEC. #. PRINTING OF DOCUMENT. In addition to the usual number of copies printed, there shall be printed the lesser of— (1) 32,500 copies of the commemorative document, of which 22,150 copies shall be for the use of the House of Representatives and 10,350 copies shall be for the use of the Senate; or (2) such number of copies of the commemorative document that does not exceed a production and printing cost of $1,000,000, with distribution of the copies to be allocated in the same proportion as described in paragraph (1). -
Pete Souza Exhibit Photographs
PETE SOUZA: TWO PRESIDENTS, ONE PHOTOGRAPHER The iconic photographs of Pete Souza are well known from his tenure as Chief Official White House Photographer for President Obama. What many people do not remember is that Souza was also an Official White House Photographer for President Reagan. Two Presidents, One Photographer showcases 56 of Pete Souza’s photographs of two presidents from opposite ends of the political spectrum. This exhibition includes Souza’s favorite images of Ronald Reagan and Barack Obama, providing us with candid moments that are windows into their humanity. What we see in Souza’s photographs are two Presidents who clearly respected the office they held, and genuinely respected the people they interacted with, no matter the circumstance. Souza earned a master’s degree in journalism at Kansas State University. He is currently a freelance photographer in the Washington, D.C. area and professor emeritus of visual communication at Ohio University. Souza was the chief official White House photographer for President Obama and the director of the White House photo office. His new book, Obama: An Intimate Portrait, debuted at #1 on the New York Times bestseller list. White House photographs by Pete Souza. This exhibition was organized by art2art Circulating Exhibitions. Diptychs: Reagan and Obama February 26, 1986 February 1, 2009 The Reagans watch a movie during a taping for a The Obamas and their guests don 3D glasses television special with Barbara Walters in the Family while watching a Super Bowl commercial in the Family Theater of the White House. The Theater of the White House. -
Gerald R. Ford Library and Museum
Gerald R. Ford Library and Museum 1000 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2114 www.fordlibrarymuseum.gov Composite General Accessions: ERIC D. THUMA PAPERS, 1976 and 1980 Election-Related Radio Program Materials (1976-1980) SUMMARY DESCRIPTION 194 slides, 2 CD-ROMS of electronic records containing transcripts and digital images, and one photograph related to President Ford’s 1976 re-election campaign activities in Michigan and the 1980 Republican National Convention in Detroit. Materials were collected and used by Oakland Community College Communications Professor Eric D. Thuma and include transcripts of his radio documentary entitled The Making of the President in the Bicentennial Year and interviews conducted for use in his public service radio program entitled Epilogue(386 pages). QUANTITY .2 linear feet (approximately 194 slides/2 DVDs/1 photograph) DONOR Eric D. Thuma (2005-NLF-044) ACCESS Open for research. COPYRIGHT Eric D. Thuma has donated to the United States of America his copyrights in all of his unpublished writings in National Archives collections. The copyrights to materials created by other individuals or organizations are presumed to remain with them. Works prepared by U.S. Government employees as part of their official duties are in the public domain. Copyright information is unknown for some items. These items may be protected by copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code.) Reproductions are made solely for private study, scholarship, or research. Permission to quote from, publish, reproduce, display or deposit in other institutions must be obtained from the copyright holder/s. Citations must identify the Gerald R. Ford Library. If the copyright holder is known, it is listed in [brackets] following the description of the item. -
Called to a Higher Duty: 1945-1961. Dwight D. Eisenhower. INSTITUTION Dwight D
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 469 559 SO 034 320 AUTHOR Barbieri, Kim E. TITLE Called to a Higher Duty: 1945-1961. Dwight D. Eisenhower. INSTITUTION Dwight D. Eisenhower Foundation, Abilene, KS. PUB DATE 2002-00-00 NOTE 72p.; Supported by the Dane Hansen Foundation and the State of Kansas. For other documents in the series, see SO 034 317- 319. Accompanying poster is not available from ERIC. AVAILABLE FROM Eisenhower Foundation, 200 Southeast Fourth Street, Abilene, KS 67410. Tel: 785-263-4751; Fax: 785-263-4218; e-mail: [email protected]; Web site: http://www.dwightdeisenhower.com/ . PUB. TYPE Guides Classroom Teacher (052) -- Historical Materials (060) EDRS PRICE EDRS Price MF01/PC03 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Elementary Secondary Education; Presidents of the United States; *Primary Sources; Social Studies; Student Educational Objectives; Student Research; *United States History; World War II IDENTIFIERS *Eisenhower (Dwight D); National History Standards ABSTRACT This document represents the fourth part of a five-part curriculum series on the life and times of Dwight D. Eisenhower covers Eisenhower's life from the end of World War II through the series of events that led him to accept the people's call to the presidency. This curriculum highlights Eisenhower's 2 terms of office as the 34th U.S. President. Through the use of these primary source materials students can come to know a portion of Eisenhower's postwar life and be inspired by his ability to move from a position of military authority to one of leadership of a nation. Students are drawn into the process of inquiry, searching, observation, analysis, and interpretation. -
North Korea's Provocation and Escalation Calculus
North Korea’s Provocation and Escalation Calculus: Dealing with the Kim Jong-un Regime Ken E. Gause August 2015 Select a caveat Unlimited distribution CNA’s Occasional Paper series is published by CNA, but the opinions expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of CNA or the Department of the Navy. Distribution Unlimited distribution. Specific authority: N00014-11-D-0323. Cover Photography: Top left: Kim Jong-un in the war room. Bottom right: a North Korean military parade. Photos taken from North Korean television programming. Approved by: August 2015 Jonathan Schroden, Director Center for Stability and Development Center for Strategic Studies Copyright © 2015 CNA Preface The 2010 Cheonan sinking and Yeonpyeong-do artillery bombardment were indications of how difficult it is to deter “low-level” North Korean provocations. These incidents elicited U.S.-ROK reaffirmation of their strategic deterrence commitment as well as a ROK declaratory policy shift toward “proactive deterrence” and “manifold retaliation.” Despite these reactions, strengthening deterrence of “low-level” provocations while minimizing risks of potential rapid conflict escalation remains a central dilemma as was demonstrated in the reaction to North Korea’s alleged hack of Sony in order to prevent the release of the movie “The Interview.” This paper, which builds from an earlier paper written on covert versus overt provocations for the 6th CNA-KIMS workshop, examines North Korea’s provocation and escalation calculus, as well as the timing inherent in its brinksmanship decision-making. It contains information up through the end of May 2015. i This page intentionally left blank. -
When the President Pays a Visit Whitehile Presidential Politics Is Consuming the News Acrosshouse the U.S
Parking Pro as Managing Your Planning for Mobile Payments 24 Unpaid Intern 28 Shuttle Risk 32 Winter Weather 38 Take Hold THE INTERNATIONAL PARKING INSTITUTE SEPTEMBER 2016 20 When the President Pays a Visit Whitehile presidential politics is consuming the news acrossHouse the U.S. this year, it’s always a focal point of life here Calling in the Washington, D.C., metropolitan area. Many sites around the region serve as venues for presidential W speeches, campaign events, and television specials. Here at George Mason University, just outside the District in Northern Virginia, we have become accustomed to hosting many of these high-profile visits, from the president of the United States to presidential candidates and other prominent politicians and government leaders. Most of the visits have similarities when of hosting a big political event, a lot goes it comes to security, trafc, parking, media, into planning and coordination ahead of and occupancy codes, yet each has its own time, starting with negotiations on where nuances based on location, time of day, day best to hold the event. Tours of event of the week, whether classes are in session, venues and security discussions with and other events that might be occurring the advance teams and the event teams at the same time. As with most things that are held. Part of the challenge is that the happen on campus, parking and transpor- desires of the event organizers are often in tation plays a central role or is somehow conflict with what security teams would involved (whether we like it or not!).