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Description of Xiphinema Souchaudi N. Sp. and Observations on X

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Description of Xiphinema Souchaudi N. Sp. and Observations on X Fundam. appl. Nemawl., 1998,21 (6),637-644 Description of Xiphinema souchaudi n. sp. and observations on X. yapoense Luc, 1958 and X. algeriense Luc & Kostadinov, 1982 (Nematoda: Longidoridae) Pierre BAUJARD*, Michel Luc* and Georges REVERSAT** *Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Laboratoire de Biologie Parasitaire, Protistologie, Helminthologie, . 61 rue BuJJon, 75005 Paris, France, and .HORST01H, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Sols Tropicaux, 32 avenue Henri Varagnal, 93143 Bondy cedex, France. Accepted for publication 27 November 1997. Summary - Xiphinema souchaudi n. sp. is described from Eucalyptus plantations in Congo (Brazzaville) and from secondary cultures on Vigna radima. The new species is close ro X. imùalOr and ra X. yapoense Luc, 1958. A third population of X. yapoense is described. Like the tWO previously recorded populations of this species, it came from a virgin forest in Ivory Coast. The present sample included ail four juvenile stages. A small population of X. algeriense Luc & Kostadinov, 1982, from Senegal, was also studied; it included only one female but also the complete series of juveniles stages, which made it possible ra complete the original description. OrsramlElsevier, Paris Résumé - Description de X. souchaudi no sp. et observations sur X. yapoense Luc, 1958 et X. algeriense Luc & Kostadinov, 1982 (Nernatoda: Longidoridae) - Les auteurs décrivent Xiphinema souchaudi n. sp. provenant de plantations d'Eucalyptus du Congo (Brazzaville) et secondairement élevé sur Vigna radima. La nouvelle espèce est proche de X. imitalOr Heyns, 1965 et de X. yapoense Luc, 1958, espèce dont une troisième population rencontrée également en forêt primaire de Côte d'Ivoire, est étudiée, en particulier les quatre stades juvéniles. Une petite population de X. algeriense Luc & Kostadinov, 1982, provenant du Sénégal, ne contenait qu'une seule femelle, mais la présence des quatre stades juvéniles a permis de compléter la description originale. © OrsromlElsevier, Paris Keywords: nematode, taxonorny, Xiphinema algen'ense, X. souchaudi, X. yapoense. Since 1978, the coastal hills in Congo (Brazzaville) used by UAIC, PFI and HS2, and on Vigna radima have been gradually planted with Eucalyptus for indus­ (L.) R. Wilczek. trial purposes, following the development of clonaI In this article, additional data are also given for plantation techniques by CTrr (Centre Technique X. yapoense Luc, 1958, a species close ta X. souchaudi Forestier Tropical) in the 1970's. In 1995, the planta­ n. sp., found for the third time in primary (or very tions covered over 400 000 ha and were managed by ancient) forest in Ivory Coast. The sample studied UAIC (Unité d'Afforestation Industrielle du Congo). included the complete series of juveniles stages. This A general description of these plantations was given is also [he case for a small population of X. algeriense by Delwaulle and Laplace (1988). Luc & Kostadinov, 1982, found in Senegal; it A nematological survey (280 samples) was made by included only one female, but the four juvenile stages one of the authors (GR) from 1989 ta 1992 in the were present, which made it possible to complete the oldest part of the Eucalyptus plantation. Only 41 % of description of this species. the samples contained plant-parasitic nematodes, all pertaining to only one genus, Xiphinema. The most Xiphinerna souchaudi' n. sp. common species was X. paraselariae Luc, 1961 (Figs l, 2) (40%), followed by X. selariae Luc, 1956 CI %). How­ ever, two of the samples contained a third species, MEASUREMENTS which proved ta be new and is described here as Females and Juveniles: see Table 1. X. souchaudi n. sp. Samples were also taken in the original savannah, sorne of them containing sorne 1< This species is named in honour of M. Bernard Souchaud, X. parasetariae specimens. These three species of Assistant-Ingénieur at ORSTOM, who was the kingpin of Xiphinema developed very weil in the laboratory on ORSTOM nemarology laboratories in Ivory Coast, Senegal, several clones of the two main hybrids of Eucalyptus and Paris-Muséum from 1958 untill his retirement in 1993. Ftmdam. appl. NemalOl. 1164-5571/98/061 © OrslOmlElsevler, Paris 637 ? Baujard er al. Table 1. Morphomelric data for Xiph.inema souchaudi n. sp. (Al! measuremenlS in ,um, excepl L in mm). Pop. Type popularion Vigna radiata Females Female Females J4 J3 J2 JI Holotype Paratypes n 20 1 19 10 9 12 10 L 3.62 ± 0.29 3.26 3.59 ± 0.28 2.57 ± 0.20 1.40 ± 0.53 1.19 ± 0.15 0.70 ± 26.5 (3.08-4.30) (3.22-4.18) (2.26-2.9) (1.32-1.65) (1.06-1.58) (0.67-0.75) a 63.7 ± 2.4 57.2 60.9 ± 3.6 52.1 ± 2.8 48.1 ± 1.8 42.6 ± 2.54 40.2 ± 2.0 (60-70) (56-67) (46-57) (44-50) (39-48) (38-44) b 8.7 ± 0.5 7.6 8.5 ± 0.6 6.5 ± 0.5 5.3 ± 0.3 4.8 ± 0.4 3.7 ± 0.2 (7.4-9.8) (7.5-10.0) (6.0-7.3) (4.9-5.7) (4.3-5.5) (3.4-4.1) c 126.4 ± 8.6 105.2 123.2 ± 12.6 84.7 ± 5.2 49.9 ± 3.7 31.7 ± 2.6 19.3 ± 1.5 (116-146) (101-149) (78 ± 91) (46-58) (27.5-38) (J 6-21) c 0.8 ± 0.04 0.84 0.78 ± 0.04 0.9 ± 0.06 1.2±0.1 1.8±0.1 3.05 ± 0.4 (0.7-0.9) (0.7-0.8) (0.8-1.0) ( 1.0-\.3) (1.6-2.1) (2.5-3.7) V 41.7 ± 1.5 39.6 39.9 ± 1.4 (39-45) (38-43) Odontostyle 124.1 ± 3.8 124 122.9 ± 2.6 105.7 ± 2.2 82.8 ± 1.9 63.0 ± 1.65 47.7 ± 1.2 (113-130) (118-127) (102-109) (81-87) (61-67) (46-49) Repl. odont. 126.3 ± 2.26 105.9 ± 2.8 84.5 ± 3.5 62.2 ± 1.8 (122-129) (100-109) (79-89) (59-65) Odontophore 66.5 ± 3.1 69 67.8 ± 3.1 56.5 ± 2.9 48.9 ± 2.9 39.7 ± 1.45 31.4 ± 1.4 (55-69) (57-72) (53-60) (42-52) (37-41) (29-34) Stylet 191.0 ± 4.2 193 190.7 ± 3.4 162.2 ± 4.4 131.7 ± 3.5 102.7 ± 1.9 79.1 ± 2.1 (180-197) (184-197) (157-169) ( 124-135) (J 00-1 07) (76-82) Guiding ring 106.0 ± 6.2 106 102.1 ± 6.4 (91-114) (88.5-111) Taillength 28.5 ± 2.0 31 29.2 ± 1.5 30.3 ± 2.1 31 ± 2.4 37.6 ± 2.46 36.7 ± 3.35 (23-33) (27-32) (26-33) (27-33) (34-42) (33-44) Ant. uterus 273.8 ± 17.2* 286.6 291.6 ± 16.2** (251-321) (265-321) Post. uterus 314.8 ± 29.2 341.2 347.2 ± 17.5 (238-372) (319-369)** Number of 3.6 ± 0.8 4 3.6 ± 0.8*** caudal pores (2-5) (3-5) *n - 19; **n - II; ***n - 10. DESCRIPTION shaped; aperture straight, 80% of the corresponding Female: In specimens killed by gentle heat, body body diameter, at 3-3.5 !lm from anterior end. Odon­ elongated, tapering towards anterior and posterior rostyle and odontophore rypical for the genus; flanges ends, ventrally curved in open C, curvature more pro­ 10.5-14 !lm wide. Guiding tube variable in length nounced in posterior third. Cutic1e smooth, with very (11.5-15 !lm). Hemizonid 6-11 !lm long, at 196­ fine cross striation on tail, 3-4 !lm thick on most of 227 !lm from anterior end; hemizonion 4-5 !lm long, body, thicker at base of lip area (5 !lm) and on tail (7­ 39-58 !lm posterior ro hemizonid. Pharyngeal bulb 10 !lm, on dorsal side). Lateral epidermal chord 12­ 92 ± 5.33 (79.5-100) !lm long (n = 18); pharyngo­ 14 !lm wide, or 19-22% of corresponding body diam­ intestinal valve hemisphericallconical. Nerve ring at eter. Pores: 90-140 lateral pores, 10-49 ventral pores, 219-233 !lm from anterior end. Vulva anterior ro mid­ and 5-9 dorsal pores. Labial area rounded anteriorly, body. Reproductive system amphidelphic, both continuous with body contour. Amphids stirrup- branches equally developed and about the same 638 Fundam. appl. NemalOl. Xiphinema souchaudi n. sp. :.. 1 ··• u o s Fig. 1. Xiphinema souchaudi n. sp. A, B: Female pharyngeal region. Tails: C-E: Female; F-H: J4; /-K: J3; L-N:J2; O-Q: JI; R: Female genùal Irael. Habilus: S: Female; T: J4; U: J3; V- J2; W' JI; X: Female pseudo-Z organ (Scale bars: S-W = I mm; A, R = 50 flm; B-Q, X = 50 flm). Vol. 21, no. 6 - 1998 639 P. Bau)ard et al. Fig. 2. SEM micrographs of Xiphinema souchaudi n. sp. (A-D) and X. yapoense (E-H) females. A, E: Head, laierai view; B, F: Head, face view; C, G: Vulva; D, H: Tail (Scale bars = 10 pm). length. Ovary reflexed. Oviduct with a slender part ture mainly dorsal and sub-digitate extremity. Tail of consisting of disc-shaped cells followed by a dilated J2 conical, but plumper and with digitation often part. Medium size sphincter between oviduct and more pronounced. Tail of J3 and J4 conoid-rounded. uterus. Uterus consisting of a wide part followed by a Tail length similar in JI and J2, slightly shorter in J3; narrow and muscular pseudo-Z-organ with thick walls J4 tail length similar to female tail length.
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