The Eyes Are Our Main Sense Organs Giving Us the Power to Identify Shapes and Colours

THE EYE

The eyes are our main sense organs giving us the power to identify shapes and colours.

Light enters the eye through the pupil and transparent cornea. It passes through the lens and is focused onto the light-sensitive retina where it stimulates receptors.

Professionals:

Specialist in optometry (examination of the eyes and related structures to determine the presence of vision problems and eye disorders, and optometrist with the prescription and adaptation of lenses and other optical aids or the use of visual training for maximum visual efficiency.) ophthalmologist Specialist in ophthalmology (Relating to the eye, vision, or optics) One who practices opticianry, (practice of filling prescriptions for optician ophthalmic lenses, dispensing spectacles, and making and fitting contact lenses.)

Root Combining form Meaning Ophthalm Ophthalm/o Eye Ocul Ocul/o, -ocular Eye Opt Opt/o Sight

Activity 1 Build words which mean:

1. an instrument to view the eye______2. a medically qualified person who specialises in the study of the eye______

Activity 2 Write the meaning of

Ophthalmogyric ______Ophthalmoneuritis ______Monocular ______Binocular ______Optometer ______Optometry ______Optometrist ______

THE EYE Page 1 of 6 Activity 3 build words which mean

1.Condition of paralysis of the eyelid ……………………………………………………

2.Spasm of the eyelid …………………………………………………………………..

Root Combining form Meaning Blephar Blephar/o Eyelid Sclera Scler/o Hard Kerat Kerat/o Cornea / horny / epidermis Ir Ir/o, irid/o iris (coloured band regulating amount of light entering the eye) Cycl Cycl/o Ciliary body

Activity 4 Write the meaning of

1. Sclerotomy ______2. Keratotome ______3. Keratoplasty ______

The eyeball contains a large cavity divided into 2 small ones:

1. the anterior and 2. the posterior cavity.

They are separated from each other by the lens. The anterior cavity is divided into a further two parts by the iris. These are filled with a watery fluid called the aqueous humor. The second and larger posterior cavity is the posterior cavity. It lies between the lens and the retina and contains a jelly-like substance called the vitreous humor. The humors give the eye its structure and maintain intraocular pressure. Root / Combining Prefix / Meaning form Suffix Goni Goni/o Peripheral angle of the anterior chamber Pupill Pupill/o Pupil Cor Cor/o, core/o Pupil Middle pigmented vascular coat of the posterior five-sixths of Choroid Choroid/o the eyeball Retin Retin/o Light sensitive area of the eye Papill Papill/o Nipple shaped

THE EYE Page 2 of 6 Phak Phac/o, phak/o Lens of the eye Scot/o, Scot Blindspots in vision scotoma Lacrim Lacrim/o Tear Dacry Dacry/o Tear or lacrimal apparatus Aniso- Unequal / unlike / dissimilar Aqua- Water Cili Cili/o Cilia (eyelash) Corne Corne/o Cornea (transparent circular anterior part of the eyeball Cor Cor/o core/o Pupil Cyst Cyst/o Bladder Dacry/o Tear / lacrimal apparatus Dacry Dacryocyst/o Tear sac / lacrimal sac Dipl Dipl/o Double Lacrim Lacrim/o Tear, tear ducts / lacrimal apparatus -Opia Condition of vision / defective vision Vitre Vitre/o Glass Iso- Like / similar

Activity 5 Build words which mean

1. Instrument to measure the angle of the anterior chamber ______

2. Hardening of the lens ______

3. Condition of softening of a lens______

The eyeball can be divided into three layers; the sclera, iris, and the retina. The sclera is the outer layer of the eyeball. It is the white of the eye, a tough, outer layer of tissue that covers the entire eyeball except the cornea. The cornea is a transparent, protective coat that covers the iris (the coloured part of the eye). The iris is the coloured part of the eye. It is made of muscle forming a doughnut shape.

The black hole in the middle is the pupil. The iris regulates the amount of light that enters the eyeball by contract and relaxing thereby decreasing or increasing the size of the pupil.

Activity 6

THE EYE Page 3 of 6 Write the meaning of

1. Scleroiridotomy______2. Keratoiritis ______3. Iridocyclitis ______

The choroid layer is a thin, brown membrane that line list of the internal surface of the sclera. It absorbs light so the rays are not reflected back out of the eyeball. The retina is the inner layer of the eye and functions to form images, to see colours, shade and movement. The eye is cleansed and lubricated by the lacrimal apparatus. The lacrimal fluid washes over the eyeball and is drained into the lacrimal sac and enters the nose via the nasolacrimal duct.

Activity 7 Write the meaning of

1. .Retinoblastoma______2. Aphakia ______3. Scotometer ______4. Scotophobia ______5. Dacryocyst ______

A common disorder of the lens is the development of a cataract that is opacity of the lens or lens capsule. Activity 8 Build words which mean

1. Disease of the retina ______2. Hardening of a lens______

Abbreviations

A, Acc accommodation IOFB intra-ocular foreign body IOP intraocular pressure OD oculus dexter OS oculus sinister PERRLA pupils equal, round, regular, react to light and accommodation VF visual field EOM extraocular muscles

THE EYE Page 4 of 6 Conditions and Terms: Astigmatism Defect of vision where image is distorted Cataract Opacity in the lens of the eye Choroiditis inflammation of the layer between the retina and the sclera of the eyeball Conjunctivitis Inflammation of the conjunctiva Emmetropia Is where light falls directly on to the retina in its correct position, with no Ey errors. Thus this word refers to normal/ideal vision. Entropione Inward turning in of the eyelid toward the eyeballs Glaucoma Abnormal pressure of the fluid in the eye Hypermetropia Is used to describe long-sightedness in which light rays are focused beyond the retina. Keratitis Inflammation of the corner Myopia Refers to shortsightedness. Nystagmus Involuntary movement of the eye Pertaining to the study and treatment of muscle imbalances of the eye Orthoptics (squints). Retinopathy Disease of the retina Strabismus Squint Stye Acute inflammation of the gland at the base of the eyelash Trichiasis Eyelashes rub against the cornea Xerophahalmia Condition of having dry eyes

Conjunctiva

Ciliary body

Section through eye

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Eye

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