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Interfacing Fabrics Awareness and Usage Among Small Scale Garment University of Education, Winneba http://ir.uew.edu.gh UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION, WINNEBA INTERFACING FABRICS AWARENESS AND USAGE AMONG SMALL SCALE GARMENT PRODUCERS IN LAPAZ-ACCRA EDITH ABLA KLUDZI 2018 1 University of Education, Winneba http://ir.uew.edu.gh UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION, WINNEBA INTERFACING FABRICS AWARENESS AND USAGE AMONG SMALL SCALE GARMENT PRODUCERS IN LAPAZ-ACCRA EDITH ABLA KLUDZI (8140100011) A THESIS IN THE DEPARTMENT OF HOME ECONOMICS EDUCATION, FACULTY OF SCIENCE EDUCATION, SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION, WINNEBA, IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY (HOME ECONOMICS EDUCATION) DEGREE MARCH, 2018 2 University of Education, Winneba http://ir.uew.edu.gh DECLARATION STUDENT’S DECLARATION I Edith Abla Kludzi declare that this thesis, with the exception of quotations and references contained in published works which have all been identified and duly acknowledged, is entirely my own original work, and it has not been submitted, either in part or whole, for another degree elsewhere. SIGNATURE…………………………….…….…. DATE ……………………………………………… I hereby declare that the preparation and presentation of this work was supervised in accordance with the guidelines for supervision of thesis/dissertation as laid down by the University of Education, Winneba. Name of Supervisor: Professor Phyllis Forster. SIGNATURE……………………………………… DATE ……………………………………………... ii University of Education, Winneba http://ir.uew.edu.gh ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis appears in its current form due to the assistance and guidance of several people. I would therefore like to offer my sincere thanks to all of them. First and foremost, I would like to express my open and genuine gratitude to my lecturer and supervisor, Prof. Phyllis Forster, for her constructive criticism, assistance and priceless contributions to the success of this thesis. Am also very grateful to Mrs Lani Ashong, Mrs Victoria Ghanney, Miss Comfort Kutum Madah and Mr Seth Ansah for their encouragement and motivation. Finally, I am most grateful to all the authors of the documents cited in my work, all the online E-resources and the various software programmes which assisted me in diverse ways to make my work a success. iii University of Education, Winneba http://ir.uew.edu.gh DEDICATION I dedicate this work to my mother, Madam Mansa F. Nyatornu, Mr Kofi Tsey and to the memory of my Dad Mr. Raphael K. Kludzi. iv University of Education, Winneba http://ir.uew.edu.gh TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTENT PAGE DECLARATION ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii DEDICATION iv TABLE OF CONTENTS v LIST OF TABLES viii LIST OF FIGURES ix ABSTRACT x CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Background to the Study 1 1.2 Statement of the Problem 4 1.3 Purpose of the Study 5 1.4 Objectives of the Study 5 1.5 Research Questions 6 1.6 Hypothesis 6 1.7 Significance of the Study 6 1.8 Delimitation of the Study 7 1.10 Organization of the Study 7 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 9 2.1 Introduction 9 2.2 Garment Production in Ghana 9 v University of Education, Winneba http://ir.uew.edu.gh 2.3 Methods of Acquiring Sewing Skills 12 2.4 Conceptual Framework 17 2.5 Interfacing 23 2.6 Rationale for Interfacing 28 2.7 Selection of Interfacing Fabrics 29 2.8 Applying Interfacings 32 CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY 58 3.1 Introduction 58 3.2 The Study Area 58 3.3 Research Design 58 3.4 Population of the Study 60 3.5 Sample and Sampling Techniques 61 3.6 Data Collection Instruments 62 3.7 Pilot-Testing of Instruments 63 3.8 Ethical Considerations 64 3.9 Data Collection Procedures 65 3.10 Data Analysis Procedure 66 CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 67 4.1 Introduction 67 4.2 Demographic Data of Small-scale Garment Producers in Lapaz 67 4.3. Findings and Discussion of Data on Research Questions 70 4.4 Testing of Hypothesis 95 vi University of Education, Winneba http://ir.uew.edu.gh CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 98 5.1 Introduction 98 5.2 Summary 98 5.3 Conclusions 100 5.4 Recommendations of the Study 101 5.5 Suggestion for Further Research 101 REFERENCES 102 APPENDICES 109 APPENDIX A 109 APPENDIX B 110 APPENDIX C 114 APPENDIX D 115 APPENDIX E 116 APPENDIX F 117 vii University of Education, Winneba http://ir.uew.edu.gh LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. The respondents‘ sources of skill training 68 2. Interfacing fabrics readily available to the respondents on the market 73 3. Interfacing fabrics commonly used by the respondents in their production 75 4. Cross tabulation of types of fashion fabric and interfacing used by the respondents. 76 5. Selection and use of interfacing fabrics by the respondents 79 6. Interfacing fabric application methods used by the respondents 84 7. Evaluation of Interfaced Garments Produced by the Respondents 91 8. Correlation between respondents‘ educational qualification and factors considered in selecting interfacings 96 viii University of Education, Winneba http://ir.uew.edu.gh LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1. Interfaced Garment Quality Assurance 17 2. Edge to edge dart 36 3. Herringbone-stitched dart 37 4. Lapped dart 38 5. Edge to edge seam 39 6. Edge to edge zig zag seam 40 7. Lapped seam 40 8. Overlapped zig zag seam 41 9. Age Distribution of the Respondents 67 10. Educational Levels of the Respondents 68 11. Responses on Interfacing Fabrics Respondents were Aware of 71 12. Factors Considered by the Small-Scale Garment Producers in Selecting of Interfacing Fabrics 81 ix University of Education, Winneba http://ir.uew.edu.gh ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to examine the selection and application of interfacings among small scale garment producers at Lapaz in Accra to ascertain their competency levels and proffer strategies for improvement if necessary. The objectives were to assess the level of awareness of varieties of interfacing fabrics on the market among small scale garment producers in Lapaz, Accra; identify factors they considered in the selection of interfacing fabrics; describe methods used by them to apply interfacings and evaluate the interfaced garments produced by them. A hypothesis ―There is no significant association between educational qualification and the factors considered in selecting interfacings‖ was also tested in this study. The target population for the study was small-scale garment producers in Lapaz-Accra. Convenience and snow ball sampling techniques were employed in selecting the garment producers in the area. Observation guides and interview schedule were used to collect data. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 and Microsoft Excel to generate frequencies and percentages and presented in pie chart, bar charts and tables. The result of the study revealed that all the respondents had a high level of awareness of self-fabric interfacing and vilene; majority (more than 70%) of the respondents also had a high level awareness of calico and grey-baft interfacing fabrics. Vilene was used by all the respondents of this study because it was less expensive, readily available, comes in different weight, easy to use and give desired results the respondents needed. Factors which mostly influenced the selection of interfacing fabrics among the respondents were: weight of the fashion fabric, area of the garment to be interfaced, application method, and colour of the fashion fabric. Fabrication method and care requirements of the fashion fabrics were not considered by the respondents. Lapped seam of joining interfacings and lapped dart method of reducing bulk were the main interfacing application methods used by the respondents. The mean of means score for quality of interfaced garments of the respondents was 2.59 which is quite high. A hypothesis tested to determine relationship between educational qualification and factors considered in selecting interfacing indicated a moderate positive correlation (r = .552, p<.05) with the aggregate factors for selecting interfacings. Based on the findings it is recommended that the findings be made available to the respondents and Council for Technical and Vocational Education and Training (COTVET) so that respondents would be educated on the; varieties of interfacings, factors considered in selecting interfacings, methods of applying interfacings and also develop standards on interfaced garments made in Ghana. x University of Education, Winneba http://ir.uew.edu.gh CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study The garment production industry has been recognised as one of the largest industries which employs millions of people worldwide (Dickerson, 1991; Wolfe, 1989). The number of people engaged in this industry has brought competitiveness and specialization (Frings, 1982). The garment industry has indeed become an important economic factor worldwide (Dickerson, 1991 & Wolfe, 1989). For any producer to remain competitive therefore, many efforts have to be put in to meet the demands of the market. Garment making is one of the basic contents of fashion designing. It is necessary to know the techniques of sewing for producing attractive garments with good fit. Garment making is thus a technical accomplishment that requires knowledge of fabrics, principles of clothing construction and skills involved in it. This depends on the ability to select the correct fabric, colour, design and accessories to suit an individual occasion. A garment that is made will be attractive if it fits well and proper attention is paid to its finer details. LaBat (1987) and Frost (1988) defined clothing fit as the relationship of clothing to the body, combining the visual analysis of fit and the physical evaluation of comfort. Brown and Rice (2001) on the other hand said fit is how well the garment conforms to the three-dimensional human body. A few studies have also defined two dimensions of apparel fit as aesthetic fit, which relates to the appearance of the garment in relation to the body; and functional fit, which relates to the comfort and 1 University of Education, Winneba http://ir.uew.edu.gh performance of the garment due to the fit (Eckman, Damhorst & Kadolph, 1990; Outling, 2007).
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