Common Solvents for Organic Reactions

Common Solvents for Organic Reactions dielectric Name Structure bp, oC dipole moment constant water H-OH 100 1.85 80

methanol CH3-OH 68 1.70 33

ethanol CH3CH2-OH 78 1.69 24.3

1-propanol CH3CH2CH2-OH 97 1.68 20.1

1-butanol CH3CH2CH2CH2-OH 118 1.66 17.8

formic acid 100 1.41 58

acetic acid 118 1.74 6.15

formamide 210 3.73 109

......

acetone 56 2.88 20.7

methyl ethyl ketone 80 2.78 18.5

ethyl acetate 78 1.78 6.02

acetonitrile 81 3.92 36.6

N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) 153 3.82 38.3

diemthyl sulfoxide (DMSO) 189 3.96 47.2

......

hexane CH3(CH2)4 CH3 69 ---- 2.02

benzene 80 0 2.28

diethyl ether CH3CH2OCH2CH3 35 1.15 4.34

tetrahydrofuran (THF) 66 1.63 7.52 methylene chloride CH2Cl2 40 1.60 9.08

carbon tetrachloride CCl4 76 0 2.24

Polarity Index Solvent Polarity Index Solvent Solubility

in Water (%) 6.2 Acetic

Acid 0 Heptane 0.0003 5.1 Acetone

0 Hexane 0.001 5.8 Acetonitrile 0

Pentane 0.004 2.7 Benzene 0.2

Cyclohexane 0.01 4 n-Butanol 1

Trichloroethylene 0.11 3.9 Butyl

Acetate 1.6 Carbon Tetrachloride 0.08 1.6

Carbon Tetrachloride 2.2 Di-Iso-Propyl Ether 0 4.1 Chloroform 2.4 Toluene 0.051 0.2

Cyclohexane 2.5 Methyl-t-Butyl

Ether 4.8 3.5 1,2-Dichloroethane

2.5 Xylene 0.018 3.1

Dichloromethane 2.7 Benzene 0.18 6.4

Dimethylformamide 2.8 DiEthyl Ether 6.89 7.2

Dimethyl Sulfoxide 3.1

Dichloromethane 1.6 4.8 Dioxane

3.5 1,2-Dichloroethane 0.81 5.2 Ethanol 3.9 Butyl Acetate 7.81 4.4

Ethyl Acetate 3.9 Iso-Propanol 100 2.8

DiEthyl Ether 4 n-Butanol 0.43 0

Heptane 4 Tetrahydrofuran 100 0

Hexane 4 n-Propanol 100 5.1

Methanol 4.1 Chloroform 0.815 2.5

Methyl-t-Butyl Ether 4.4 Ethyl

Acetate 8.7 4.7 2-Butanone 4.7 2-

Butanone 24 0 Pentane 4.8 Dioxane 100 4 n-Propanol 5.1 Acetone 100

3.9 Iso-Propanol 5.1 Methanol 100

2.2 Di-Iso-Propyl Ether 5.2 Ethanol

100 4 Tetrahydrofuran 5.8

Acetonitrile 100 2.4 Toluene 6.2

Acetic Acid 100 1

Trichloroethylene 6.4 Dimethylformamide 100 9

Water 7.2 Dimethyl Sulfoxide 100 2.5

Xylene 9 Water 100