Paper Title (Maximum Two s2

Early detection method for PAHs content in seawater used by the desalination plant of Giglio Island

L. Angeli*, R. Costantini*, R. Ferrari*, L. Innocenti**, F. Sabatini**, A. Ortolani**, M. Bellatalla*** *Consorzio LaMMA, via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy **CNR Ibimet, via Giovanni Caproni 8, 50145 Firenze (FI), Italy ***Acquedotto del Fiora S.p.A., via Mameli 10, 58100 Grosseto (GR), Italy

In response to the Costa Concordia accident which took place on 13 January 2012 in the waters off the Giglio Island (Grosseto, Italy), LaMMA Consortium developed a real- time hydrocarbon detection system that is able to perform continuous measures of the content of PAH in the marine water used by the desalination plant that provides fresh water to the island. The accident has raised fears of a possible environmental disaster, because in the tanks of the ship were stowed about 2,400 tons of fuel oil. The risk was of dispersal of its fuel in the marine and coastal environment, but also the possibility for residual oil of reaching and damaging the membranes used from the desalinator system of the island. Empting the fuel from the tanks began in January 2012 and the transactions were completed in March 2012. But other potentially dangerous materials (including various lubricating oil, fuel oil and diesel) could eventually be released. Therefore, until the complete removal of the wreck, it remains alive the fear of a possible spill that could pollute the surrounding waters and therefore also the water used for drinking purposes. The system takes inspiration from the VI Framework European Project OSIRIS (Open architecture for Smart and Interoperable networks in Risk management based on In-situ Sensors), where LaMMA Consortium, together with CNR-Ibimet (National Research Council, Institute of Biometeorology) and Acquedotto del Fiora (the company managing the water supply in southern Tuscany), designed and built a pilot fresh water monitoring system, based on Sensor Web Enablement standard, developed by OGC (Open Geospatial Consortium), to continuously and automatically check water quality and quantity in a portion of the Monte Amiata aquifer (Grosseto, Italy). In this occasion CNR-Ibimet acquired a portable polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon probe that consists of a submersible fluorometer for high precision measure of ultraviolet fluorescence (EnviroFlu-HC of TriOS Optical Sensors). The instrument, sold as a handheld device, was upgraded to perform unattended data logging with a measurement and control system (CR800 Campbell Scientific, USA) assembled by LaMMA for data acquisition and GSM transmission in indoor and outdoor conditions. In the occurrence of the Costa Concordia emergency, Acquedotto del Fiora decided to displace the hydrocarbon portable probe to the desalination plant of Giglio Island. The system built at Giglio uses the web service named SOS (Sensor Observation Service), created for managing in-situ or remote measures, in order to make both the sensors and the data store interoperable and accessible through web interfaces. These particular kind of web services are developed with the aim of standardising connection protocols, communication, data formatting and description of the information in order to be integrated in different and homogeneous application and to interchange data. Standards-based Sensor Web approach is an innovative way to data gathering for environmental monitoring; it aims to make web services to be discoverable and interrogated by generic user client software via web. The resulting prototype monitoring system is provided by an alert service that allows to quickly act in case of exceeding a fixed threshold. This procedure is planned to send, in case of threshold exceeding, a notification SMS to a known mobile number and an e- mail message to a reference address. Both messages report the details of the measure. In addition, a web portal for accessing data, based on the application developed by 52North called ThinSweClient, was developed. It is a simple and intuitive web client application, that uses SWE protocols and provides charts and tables from sensor data of the SOS. It also makes use of client/server asynchronous communication, meaning that each time a request is sent to the server, the client has not to wait for the answer before carry out new operations, but, instead, he can process other activities during the time lag. Through the portal for accessing data, it is possible to load multiple time series from different SOS. Observations can be viewed as overlapping graphs or tables, exported in different formats and send by e-mail. Thanks to his standardized and interoperable architecture, the client loads the color ortho-photomaps WMS (Web Map Service) provided by Regione Toscana (OFC10 AGEA_RT) as background to navigate the map. In addition a set of automated procedures were developed, to ensure the operation continuity of the service and to create backup copies of data. The architecture of such prototype system, based on the Sensor Web Enablement technology, ensures, the flexibility properties necessary also for assessing post-incident impact, as well as the interoperability and accessibility of data, in line with the basic guidelines of the INSPIRE European Directive.