A. Life Functions: ALL Living Things Perform the Following 5 Things

Microbiology

A. Life Functions: ALL living things perform the following 5 things

a. Transport - How an organism ______

b. Excretion - How an organism ______

c. Respiration - How an organism ______

d. Nutrition – How an organism ______

e. Reproduction

e.i. Sexual - ______

e.ii. Asexual - ______

e.iii. Hermaphrodite – produces BOTH ______and ______

e.iv. Internal fertilization – egg & sperm meet ______the animal’s body

e.v. External fertilization – egg & sperm meet ______the animal’s body

e.vi. Mammals:

e.vi.1. Placental – ______

e.vi.2. Marsupial – Partial development in ______and completion in ______

e.vi.3. Monotreme – ______

B. Microbiology: The branch of biology that deals with ______and their

______

C. Viruses

a. ______a.i. Cannot ______

a.ii. Cannot ______

a.iii. Not made of ______

b. ______

c. Ex. ______

D. Viral Structure

a. Inner layer - ______

b. Outer layer - ______

c. Some viruses have an ______of ______(make them ______to ______)

d. Shape is ______based on the ______

E. Viral Invasion

a. Virus ______

b. Virus ______

c. Viral ______takes over the ______of the cell and forces the ______

d. *Bacteriophage: ______

F. Bacteria

a. Members of ______

b. ______

c. ______

d. May be ______e. Shapes – part of their name

e.i. Bacilli - ______

e.ii. Spirilli - ______

e.iii. Cocus - ______

f. Examples: (Write just a few)______

G. Bacterial Structure

a. Nucleoid –region where ______is located

b. Cell wall – protects bacterial cell from ______, made up of ______and is a ______

c. Capsule - ______

d. Plasma membrane – maintains ______of the cell

e. Pilli - ______of the plasma membrane to help the bacteria ______to ______and ______during ______

f. Flagellum - ______

g. Plasmid - ______

H. Gram Staining : used to ______

a. Gram (+): ______cell wall, absorbs ______of ______stain

b. Gram (-): ______cell wall, absorbs ______of ______stain

I. Antibiotics

a. Antibiotics will ______(bacteria) by ______their ______and interfering with their ______and ______cycles b. Antibiotics ______because viruses ______

J. Bacterial Reproduction

a. Binary fission (asexual)

a.i. Chromosomes are ______and bacteria ______

a.ii. NO ______

b. Conjugation (sexual)

b.i. ______is ______via ______

b.ii. Causes ______

K. Bacteria and Oxygen

a. Obligate aerobe

a.i. Require ______

a.ii. Ex. ______

b. Obligate anaerobes

b.i. ______

b.ii. Ex. ______

L. Concerns of Bacteria

a. Why are bacteria bad?

a.i. Disease ______

a.ii. Food spoilage: ______

M. Importance of Bacteria

a. Why are bacteria good? a.i. Nitrogen fixation – Changes nitrogen in air from a ______to a ______form that ______can use when ______

a.ii. Recycling and conservation – Breaks down ______and ______, returning ______to the environment

a.iii. Make foods - ______

a.iv. Medicines - ______

N. Protists

a. Kingdom ______

b. ______

c. ______

d. ______

e. Have ______: vacuole that ______to ______; pumps out ______so the cell does not ______

O. 3 Types of Protists

a. Protozoa: animal-like heterotrophs

a.i. Amoeba:

a.i.1. Moves using ______as an extension of the ______

a.i.2. Ingest food by ______

a.ii. Flagellates:

a.ii.1. Have ______- ______a.iii. Ciliates:

a.iii.1. Move using ______- ______of the plasma membrane

a.iii.2. Ex. ______

a.iv. Sporozonas – reproduces by ______- many are ______- ______is caused by the spread of these spores

b. Algae: plant-like organisms that carry out photosynthesis

b.i. Euglena – use ______to move, have ______for ______

b.i.1. Can be ______if the organisms cannot find enough ______to carry out ______

b.ii. Diatoms: have a ______

b.iii. Dinoflagellates: have ______and can ______

b.iv. Kelp: ______(seaweed in sushi)

c. Fungus-like protists

c.i. Examples: ______

c.ii. Damage to ______and ______(Irish potato famine)

P. Fungus/Fungi

a. ______

b. ______

c. ______d. Decompose (breakdown) ______and recycle nutrients into the soil

e. Examples

e.i. Unicellular  ______

e.ii. Multicellular  ______

f. Fungus can ______: in air, water, gardens, basement walls, between your toes

Q. Structure of fungal cells:

a. Threadlike filaments called ______which develop ______

b. Network of filaments = ______

c. Have cell walls made up of ______- different than plant cell walls or bacterial cell walls

R. Negative aspects of fungus

a. ______

b. Diseases:

b.i. ______

b.ii. ______

c. ______

S. Positive aspects of fungus

a. Decomposers - ______

b. Medicines & Foods - ______

T. Reproduction of fungus

a. Sexually - ______b. Asexually - ______