<p> Microbiology</p><p>A. Life Functions: ALL living things perform the following 5 things </p><p> a. Transport - How an organism ______</p><p> b. Excretion - How an organism ______</p><p> c. Respiration - How an organism ______</p><p> d. Nutrition – How an organism ______</p><p> e. Reproduction </p><p> e.i. Sexual - ______</p><p> e.ii. Asexual - ______</p><p> e.iii. Hermaphrodite – produces BOTH ______and ______</p><p> e.iv. Internal fertilization – egg & sperm meet ______the animal’s body</p><p> e.v. External fertilization – egg & sperm meet ______the animal’s body </p><p> e.vi. Mammals:</p><p> e.vi.1. Placental – ______</p><p> e.vi.2. Marsupial – Partial development in ______and completion in ______</p><p> e.vi.3. Monotreme – ______</p><p>B. Microbiology: The branch of biology that deals with ______and their </p><p>______</p><p>C. Viruses</p><p> a. ______a.i. Cannot ______</p><p> a.ii. Cannot ______</p><p> a.iii. Not made of ______</p><p> b. ______</p><p> c. Ex. ______</p><p>D. Viral Structure </p><p> a. Inner layer - ______</p><p> b. Outer layer - ______</p><p> c. Some viruses have an ______of ______(make them ______to ______)</p><p> d. Shape is ______based on the ______</p><p>E. Viral Invasion </p><p> a. Virus ______</p><p> b. Virus ______</p><p> c. Viral ______takes over the ______of the cell and forces the ______</p><p> d. *Bacteriophage: ______</p><p>F. Bacteria</p><p> a. Members of ______</p><p> b. ______</p><p> c. ______</p><p> d. May be ______e. Shapes – part of their name </p><p> e.i. Bacilli - ______</p><p> e.ii. Spirilli - ______</p><p> e.iii. Cocus - ______</p><p> f. Examples: (Write just a few)______</p><p>G. Bacterial Structure </p><p> a. Nucleoid –region where ______is located</p><p> b. Cell wall – protects bacterial cell from ______, made up of ______and is a ______</p><p> c. Capsule - ______</p><p> d. Plasma membrane – maintains ______of the cell </p><p> e. Pilli - ______of the plasma membrane to help the bacteria ______to ______and ______during ______</p><p> f. Flagellum - ______</p><p> g. Plasmid - ______</p><p>H. Gram Staining : used to ______</p><p> a. Gram (+): ______cell wall, absorbs ______of ______stain </p><p> b. Gram (-): ______cell wall, absorbs ______of ______stain</p><p>I. Antibiotics </p><p> a. Antibiotics will ______(bacteria) by ______their ______and interfering with their ______and ______cycles b. Antibiotics ______because viruses ______</p><p>J. Bacterial Reproduction </p><p> a. Binary fission (asexual) </p><p> a.i. Chromosomes are ______and bacteria ______</p><p> a.ii. NO ______</p><p> b. Conjugation (sexual)</p><p> b.i. ______is ______via ______</p><p> b.ii. Causes ______</p><p>K. Bacteria and Oxygen</p><p> a. Obligate aerobe</p><p> a.i. Require ______</p><p> a.ii. Ex. ______</p><p> b. Obligate anaerobes</p><p> b.i. ______</p><p> b.ii. Ex. ______</p><p>L. Concerns of Bacteria</p><p> a. Why are bacteria bad? </p><p> a.i. Disease ______</p><p> a.ii. Food spoilage: ______</p><p>M. Importance of Bacteria</p><p> a. Why are bacteria good? a.i. Nitrogen fixation – Changes nitrogen in air from a ______to a ______form that ______can use when ______</p><p> a.ii. Recycling and conservation – Breaks down ______and ______, returning ______to the environment </p><p> a.iii. Make foods - ______</p><p> a.iv. Medicines - ______</p><p>N. Protists</p><p> a. Kingdom ______</p><p> b. ______</p><p> c. ______</p><p> d. ______</p><p> e. Have ______: vacuole that ______to ______; pumps out ______so the cell does not ______</p><p>O. 3 Types of Protists</p><p> a. Protozoa: animal-like heterotrophs </p><p> a.i. Amoeba: </p><p> a.i.1. Moves using ______as an extension of the ______</p><p> a.i.2. Ingest food by ______</p><p> a.ii. Flagellates: </p><p> a.ii.1. Have ______- ______a.iii. Ciliates:</p><p> a.iii.1. Move using ______- ______of the plasma membrane </p><p> a.iii.2. Ex. ______</p><p> a.iv. Sporozonas – reproduces by ______- many are ______- ______is caused by the spread of these spores </p><p> b. Algae: plant-like organisms that carry out photosynthesis </p><p> b.i. Euglena – use ______to move, have ______for ______</p><p> b.i.1. Can be ______if the organisms cannot find enough ______to carry out ______</p><p> b.ii. Diatoms: have a ______</p><p> b.iii. Dinoflagellates: have ______and can ______</p><p> b.iv. Kelp: ______(seaweed in sushi)</p><p> c. Fungus-like protists</p><p> c.i. Examples: ______</p><p> c.ii. Damage to ______and ______(Irish potato famine)</p><p>P. Fungus/Fungi</p><p> a. ______</p><p> b. ______</p><p> c. ______d. Decompose (breakdown) ______and recycle nutrients into the soil</p><p> e. Examples</p><p> e.i. Unicellular  ______</p><p> e.ii. Multicellular  ______</p><p> f. Fungus can ______: in air, water, gardens, basement walls, between your toes</p><p>Q. Structure of fungal cells:</p><p> a. Threadlike filaments called ______which develop ______</p><p> b. Network of filaments = ______</p><p> c. Have cell walls made up of ______- different than plant cell walls or bacterial cell walls </p><p>R. Negative aspects of fungus </p><p> a. ______</p><p> b. Diseases:</p><p> b.i. ______</p><p> b.ii. ______</p><p> c. ______</p><p>S. Positive aspects of fungus </p><p> a. Decomposers - ______</p><p> b. Medicines & Foods - ______</p><p>T. Reproduction of fungus</p><p> a. Sexually - ______b. Asexually - ______</p>