DOCSLIB.ORG

The Transformations of Islamic Architecture

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Transformations of Islamic Architecture The transformations of Islamic architecture To WOMEN with STRENGTH.......................She believed she could, so she did TABLE OF CONTENT CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 2 – ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE CHAPTER 3 – RESEARCH METHODOLOGY CHAPTER 4 – CASE STUDIES CHAPTER 5 – conclusions AND RECOMMENDATIONS REFERENCES…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………86 Fig. 2-22 Abbasid palace, Baghdad, Iraq Fig. 1-1 The dome of the rock, Jerusalem Fig. 2-23 The Great Mosque of Samarra, Iraq Fig. 1-2 a Mina’ I ware bowl Fig. 2-24 Al-Azhar Mosque, Cairo, Egypt. Fig. 1-3 a silk carpet Fig. 2-25 Al-Aqmar Mosque, Cairo, Egypt. Fig. 1-4 Taj Mahal , India Fig. 2-26 Al-Hakim Mosque, Cairo, Egypt Fig. 1-5 Map showing world Muslim population Fig. 2-27 Zavareh Mosque, Iran. Fig. 2-28 Kayseri, Anatolia, Turkey. Fig. 2-29 Ardestan Mosque, Iran Fig. 2-1 Map showing Mecca and Medina, Saudi Arabia Fig. 2-30 Caravanserai of Qansuh Al-Ghuri, Cairo, Egypt. Fig. 2-2 A painting of Mecca city in 1778 Fig. 2-32 Madrasa and Mausoleum of An-Nasir Muhammad, Cairo, Egypt Fig. 2-3 A diagram showing the five pillars of Islam Fig. 2-33 Mosque of Muhammad Ali, Cairo, Egypt Fig. 2-4 A Sketch of a faithful during prayers Fig. 2-34 Uc Serefeli mosque, Edirne, Turkey Fig. 2-5 An African Muslim woman’s attire Fig. 2-35 Great mosque, Bursa, Turkey Fig. 2-6 An Arabic Muslim woman attire Fig. 2-36 Hudavandiga mosque, Bursa, Turkey Fig. 2-7 Gur-e Amir tomb of Timur (Samarkland) Fig. 2-37 Mosque of Shaykh Luffallah, Isfahan, Fig. 2-8 Yesil Turbe, Bursa Fig. 2-39 Ali Qapu palace, Isfahan, Fig. 2-9 Royal tomb of Askia , Mali. Fig. 2-38 Chilhil Sutun, Isfahan, Iran Fig. 2-10 Elevation of Sulaybiya Mausoleum Fig. 2-40 Khwaju bridge, Isfahan, Iran Fig. 2-11 Aerial view of Sulaybiya Mausoleum Fig. 2-41 The Great Mosque of Kairouan, Tunisia Fig. 2-12 Plan of Sulaybiya Mausoleum Fig. 2-42 Hassan II Mosque, Casablanca, Morocco. Fig. 2-13 Section of Sulaybiya Mausoleum Fig. 2-43 Djenne Mosque, Timbuktu, Mali. Fig. 2-14 location of Damascus and Medina Fig. 2-44 Larabanga Mosque of Ghana. Fig. 2-15Sassanian, Jabalieh Dome, Kerman, Iran Fig. 2-45 Muammar Gaddafi Mosque, Kampala, Uganda. th Fig. 2-16 Sassanian silver gilt elliptical bowl with a vine scroll, 5 century Fig. 2-46 Beit el-Amani Peace Memorial Museum, Zanzibar. B.C Fig. 2-47 Aerial view of Sheikh Zayed Mosque. Fig. 2-17 A map showing the spread of the Islamic empire Fig. 2-48 Aerial view of Sheikh Zayed Mosque. Fig 2-21The Great Mosque of Cordoba, Spain Fig. 2-49 Entrance elevation of Sheikh Zayed. Fig 2-19 The Great Mosque of Damascus, Syria Fig. 2-50 Interior of the Main prayer hall. Fig 2-20 Al-Aqsa Mosque, Jerusalem, Israel Fig. 2-51 A view of the Grand Mosque from the Sheikh Zayed bridge. Fig. 2-21 location of Baghdad and Damascus Fig. 2-52 The Grand Entrance of the Sheikh Zayed Mosque. Fig. 2-53 The Large courtyard of the Sheikh Zayed Mosque. Fig. 2-54 One of the two Women’s prayer hall in the Grand Mosque. Fig. 4-16 The entrance to the Museum Fig 2-55 The Onion domes and open arches Fig. 4-17 The atrium in the entrance lobby of the Museum. Fig. 2-56 Street view of (IMA) building. Fig. 4-18 The atrium in the entrance lobby. Fig. 2-57 The southern portion of ( IMA) building Fig. 4-19 The Ground floor plan of the Museum Fig. 2-58 The entrance to the IMA building Fig. 4-20 The Faceted dome of the Museum Fig. 2-59 The south façade of the southern portion. Fig. 4-21 The atrium of the Museum. Fig. 2-60 The multipurpose space in the Institute. Fig. 4-22 Sections through the Museum Fig. 2-61 The Metallic brise soleil system (Musharabiya). Fig. 4-23 Jamia Mosque (1925) Fig. 2-63 Exterior view of the brise soleil system Fig. 4-24 Jamia Mosque (1960) Fig. 2-66 The geometric patterns on the Fig. 4-25 Jamia Mosque (1980) Fig. 2-65 Ground floor plan of the IMA building Fig. 4-26 Main entrance to Men’s prayer hall Jamia Mosque Fig. 2-64 The site location of the IMA building. Fig. 4-27 Present day Jamia Mosque. Fig. 2-67 Section through the IMA building. Fig. 4-28 Courtyard entry of Jamia Mosque Fig. 2-68 Views of the south façade Fig. 4-29 Location of Jamia Mosque in Nairobi CBD. Fig. 2-69 View of the interior of IMA building Fig. 4-30 The onion silver domes and geometrical patterns on the façade Fig. 4-31 The two twin minarets of the Mosque Fig. 4-32 The open canopy of the minarets. Fig. 4-1 Aerial view of the Faisal Mosque. Fig. 4-33 The Mihrab in the Mosque. Fig. 4-2 picturesque setting of the Faisal Mosque. Fig. 4-34 The interior perspective of the Men’s prayer hall. Fig. 4-3 The entrance to the courtyard. Fig. 4-35 The atrium connecting the original construction to the new Fig. 4-4 The sunken courtyard of the Faisal Mosque. extension. Fig. 4-5 The constructive form of the Mosque Fig. 4-36 The Women’s prayer hall on the first level. Fig. 4-6 The view of the courtyard from the Mosque entrance Fig. 4-37 The Main entrance elevation. Fig. 4-7 The Site plan of the Faisal Mosque. Fig. 4-38 The Masjidur Rahma. Fig. 4-8 The Ground floor plan of the Faisal Mosque. Fig. 4-39 The Main entrance to Masjidur Rahma. Fig. 4-9 The Roof floor plan of the Faisal Mosque. Fig. 4-40 Location of Masjidur Rahma, Hurlingham, Nairobi. Fig. 4-10 The arcade on the sunken courtyard. Fig. 4-41 The gate entrance of the Mosque Fig. 4-12 A section through the entrance courtyard Fig. 4-42 Arched openings and a combination of simple and complex Fig. 4-11 A view of the interior Main prayer hall. geometric patterns adorn the gate entrance of the Mosque Fig. 4-12 The Museum of Islamic arts, Doha. Fig. 4-43 The square based tapered minaret. Fig. 4-13 A perspective of the Main building. Fig. 4-44 The round ablution pool surrounded by a curved screened wall Fig. 4-14 Cubist expression of geometric progression. Fig. 4-45 The entrance elevation of the mosque with geometrical patterns, Fig. 4-15 The curved double staircase on the entrance lobby. Musharabiya and wooden arched openings. Fig. 4-46 The Musharabiya screens provide shade and privacy Fig. 5-20 late Il-Khanid moulded tile Fig. 4-47 Large Arched wooden windows with musharabiya screens Fig 5-21 Al-Nasir Muhammad Ibn Qalawun Madrasa (Mamluk) Fig. 4-48 A perspective of the Main prayer hall and the Mihrab Fig 5-22 A Portal in Shah Mosque (safavid) Fig. 4-49 The Musharabiya screen on the Mihrab (Geometric patterns, Fig 5-23 Selimiye Pasa Complex (Ottoman) calligraphy Fig 5-24 2 dimensional Islamic calligraphy. Fig. 4-50 The dome directly above the ornamented Mihrab on the Qibla Fig 5-25 3 dimensional Islamic calligraphy. wall. Fig 5-26 Types of Kufic calligraphy Fig 4- 51 The richly ornamented dome interior and the exterior dome roof Fig 5-27 Kufic calligraphy system with openings for ventilation. Fig 5-28 Naskh calligraphy. Fig 5-29 Nasta’liq calligraphy Fig 5-30 Diwani calligraphy Fig. 5-1 A basic rectangular courtyard form. Fig 5-31 Bee hive dome. Fig. 5-2 section through a basic courtyard form. Fig 5-32 Compound dome Fig. 5-3Types of courtyard forms. Fig 5-33 Cross arched dome. Fig. 5-4 An eight pointed star. Fig 5-34 Hemispherical dome. Fig. 5-5 An eight pointed star. Fig 5-35 Onion dome. Fig. 5-6 A Six pointed star. Fig 5-36 Oval dome. Fig. 5-7 A Seven pointed star. Fig 5-37 Saucer dome. Fig. 5-8 A Nine pointed star. Fig 5-38 Umbrella dome. Fig. 5-9 A Ten pointed star. Fig 5-39 Parabolic dome. Fig. 5-10 A n Eleven pointed star. Fig 5-40 Horse shoe arches. Fig. 5-11 A Twelve pointed star. Fig 5-41 Horseshoe arch. Fig. 5-12 A Thirteen pointed star. Fig 5-42 Transverse arches. Fig. 5-13 A Fourteen pointed star. Fig 5-43 Types of Pointed acrhes. Fig. 5-14 A Sixteen pointed star. Fig 5-44 Types multi foil arches. Fig. 5-15 A table showing the evolution of geometric designs. Fig 5-45 Square minarets. Fig. 5-16 Palm in Umayyad Mosque(Umayyad) Fig 5-46 Cylindrical shaft minarets Fig 5-17 Mihrab of Cordoba Fig 5-47 Polygonal shaft minarets. Fig. 5-18 Mihrab of Al-Azhar Mosque (Fatimid) Fig. 5-19 Evolution of vegetal designs. .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Current Trends in Islamist Ideology JANUARY, 2013
    Current Trends in Islamist Ideology JANUARY, 2013 VOLUME 14 ■ WHAT IS A CONSTITUTION ANYWAY? / Samuel Tadros ■ EGYPT’S LOOMING COMPETITIVE THEOCRACY / Eric Trager ■ THE JORDANIAN BROTHERHOOD IN THE ARAB SPRING / Jacob Amis ■ ANSAR AL-SHARIA IN SOUTHERN YEMEN / Robin Simcox AFTER AL-SHABAAB / Ioannis Gatsiounis ■ THE GÜLEN MOVEMENT IN AZERBAIJAN / Fuad Aliyev HUDSON INSTITUTE Center on Islam, Democracy, and the Future of the Muslim World Current Trends in Islamist Ideology VOLUME 14 Edited by Hillel Fradkin, Husain Haqqani, Eric Brown, and Hassan Mneimneh hudson institute Center on Islam, Democracy, and the Future of the Muslim World ©2013 Hudson Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. ISSN: 1940-834X For more information about obtaining additional copies of this or other Hudson Institute publica- tions, please visit Hudson’s website at www.hudson.org/bookstore or call toll free: 1-888-554-1325. ABOUT HUDSON INSTITUTE Hudson Institute is a nonpartisan, independent policy research organization dedicated to innovative research and analysis that promotes global security, prosperity, and freedom. Founded in 1961 by strategist Herman Kahn, Hudson Institute challenges conventional thinking and helps manage strate- gic transitions to the future through interdisciplinary studies in defense, international relations, eco- nomics, health care, technology, culture, and law. With offices in Washington and New York, Hud son seeks to guide public policymakers and global leaders in government and business through a vigor- ous program of publications, conferences, policy briefings, and recommendations. Hudson Institute is a 501(c)(3) organization financed by tax-deductible contributions from private individuals, corpo- rations, foundations, and by government grants. Visit www.hudson.org for more information.
    [Show full text]
  • Annex B (Confidential)
    ICC-01/11-01/11-640-AnxB 08-06-2018 1/356 RH PT ICC-01/11-01/11-640-Conf-AnxB 06-06-2018 1/356 NM PT Pursuant to Pre-Trial Chamber I's instruction, dated 08/06/2018, this document is reclassified as "Public" ANNEX B (CONFIDENTIAL) ICC-01/11-01/11-640-AnxB 08-06-2018 2/356 RH PT ICC-01/11-01/11-640-Conf-AnxB 06-06-2018 2/356 NM PT Pursuant to Pre-Trial Chamber I's instruction, dated 08/06/2018, this document is reclassified as "Public" ICC Restricted Draft Translation of Evidence Original Document ERN Range LBY-OTP-0051-0004 Source Language Arabic Number of Pages 354 Translation ERN Range Translated LBY-OTP-0051-0004 Target Language(s) English Number of Pages 355 ICC Restricted LBY-OTP-0062-0280 ICC-01/11-01/11-640-AnxB 08-06-2018 3/356 RH PT ICC-01/11-01/11-640-Conf-AnxB 06-06-2018 3/356 NM PT Pursuant to Pre-Trial Chamber I's instruction, dated 08/06/2018, this document is reclassified as "Public" ICC Restricted NH/3 1 Libya Ministry of Justice In the Name of God, the Merciful, the Compassionate Tripoli Court of Civil Appeals The Fourteenth Criminal Circuit [stamp] Libya Ministry of Justice Tripoli Court of Appeals Deposited at the Registry of the Tripoli Court of Appeals Date: 28/7/2015 Corresponding to: / / (3) Secretary: [signature] At the public session held on 12 Shawwal 1436 AH corresponding to 28/7/2015 AD. At the headquarters of the Tripoli Court of Appeal, presided by Counsellor Naji Muhammad al-Amin With the membership of Counsellors Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Libya Country of Origin Information (Coi) Report
    LIBYA COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION (COI) REPORT COI Service 7 March 2012 LIBYA 7 MARCH 2012 Contents Preface Latest News EVENTS IN LIBYA FROM 15 FEBRUARY 2012 TO 5 MARCH 2012 REPORTS ON LIBYA PUBLISHED BETWEEN 15 FEBRUARY 2012 AND 5 MARCH 2012 Useful news sources for further information Paragraphs Background Information 1. GEOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................ 1.01 Map ........................................................................................................................ 1.07 Geographic and tribal issues .............................................................................. 1.10 The east ................................................................................................................. 1.12 Islamism ............................................................................................................. 1.12 State policy (under Gaddafi) towards the east ................................................... 1.13 Transport ............................................................................................................... 1.14 Roads ................................................................................................................. 1.14 Railways ............................................................................................................. 1.15 International and internal airports and flight routes ............................................ 1.16 Sea ports ...........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Battle for Libya
    THE BATTLE FOR LIBYA KILLINGS, DISAPPEARANCES AND TORTURE Amnesty International is a global movement of more than 3 million supporters, members and activists in more than 150 countries and territories who campaign to end grave abuses of human rights. Our vision is for every person to enjoy all the rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international human rights standards. We are independent of any government, political ideology, economic interest or religion and are funded mainly by our membership and public donations. First published in 2011 by Amnesty International Ltd Peter Benenson House 1 Easton Street London WC1X 0DW United Kingdom © Amnesty International 2011 Index: MDE 19/025/2011 English Original language: English Printed by Amnesty International, International Secretariat, United Kingdom All rights reserved. This publication is copyright, but may be reproduced by any method without fee for advocacy, campaigning and teaching purposes, but not for resale. The copyright holders request that all such use be registered with them for impact assessment purposes. For copying in any other circumstances, or for reuse in other publications, or for translation or adaptation, prior written permission must be obtained from the publishers, and a fee may be payable. To request permission, or for any other inquiries, please contact [email protected] Cover photo : Misratah, Libya, May 2011 © Amnesty International amnesty.org CONTENTS Abbreviations and glossary .............................................................................................5 Introduction .................................................................................................................7 1. From the “El-Fateh Revolution” to the “17 February Revolution”.................................13 2. International law and the situation in Libya ...............................................................23 3. Unlawful killings: From protests to armed conflict ......................................................34 4.
    [Show full text]
  • The MWL Journal 2019 May Issue.Pdf
    Letter From the Editor Beyond the shocking crime in New Zealand Dozens of innocent people were killed and ist catastrophes. It will also provoke violence wounded in a hate-filled terror attack target- and counter-violence, in light of the failure ing two mosques during Juma’ah prayer in to enact such legislation a nd allowing gen- New Zealand. The authorities, there, arrest- erations to cultivate their human and moral ed four people and disassembled explosive values. bombs in that attack, which seems it has been The Muslim World League has made it well-planned. its duty to address the Muslim minorities to This terrorist operation, which resulted in avoid the desire for revenge and incitement many deaths and injuries of innocent wor- based on emotional temper. It aims also to shipers, reflects an image of the most heinous prevent any offensive behaviors resulting in a hatred forms. This is as a result of adopting a negative impact on peaceful coexistence and hatred doctrine of others and the persistence positive national integration. This does not of religious and ethnic contempt. mean that legitimate rights are not claimed It was a terrible shock for the whole world, and reserving the cultural and the religious denounced and condemned by all. Although, specificities. As a legitimate right here in in there must be more to be done; and great ef- this criminal incident, is to bring the perpetra- forts should be pleaded to protect security tors to justice, to hold them accountable and and peace. to compensate the families of those killed and The civilized, peace-loving world must injured.
    [Show full text]
  • In the East African Legislative
    EAST AFRICAN COMMUNITY _____________ IN THE EAST AFRICAN LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY (EALA) The Official Report of the Proceedings of the East African Legislative Assembly 142nd Sitting – Third Assembly: First Meeting – Fifth Session Thursday, 25 August 2016 The East African Legislative Assembly met at 2:30 p.m. in the Chamber of the Assembly, EAC Headquarters in Arusha, Tanzania. PRAYER (The Speaker, Mr. Daniel .F. Kidega, in the Chair.) (The Assembly was called to order) ______________________________________________________________________________ Mr Mathuki: Mr Speaker, I thank you and COMMUNICATION FROM THE CHAIR the honourable Minister, but I thought if she is invoking Rule 40, which is for personal The Speaker: Honourable Members – information, then she should have allowed (Interjection) - you to pronounce yourself on her motion before proceeding with her submission. The Minister in the Office of the President for East African Community The Speaker: Thank you so much, hon. Affairs, Burundi (Ms Leontine Peter Mathuki, Chair of Legal, Rules and Nzeyimana) (Ex-Officio): On a point of Privileges Committee. I had given the Information, Mr Speaker., in line with Rule honourable Minister a chance to hear from 40 of the Rules of Procedure, I am standing her. I was going to give her a chance to to raise a matter of public concern. speak and then guide her to move formally under that Rule, but I kindly beg for her Mr Speaker, first of all, I wish to thank you indulgence to allow me to communicate a very much for the able manner in which you few things. Immediately after my are steering the House.
    [Show full text]
  • Interfaith Journeys
    Interfaith Journeys An exploration of history, ideas, and future directions WORLD FAITHS DEVELOPMENT DIALOGUE DEVELOPMENT FAITHS WORLD February 2017 About the World Faiths Development Dialogue The World Faiths Development Dialogue (WFDD) is a not-for-profit organization working at the intersection of religion and global development. Housed within the Berkley Center for Religion, Peace and World Affairs at Georgetown University in Washington, D.C., WFDD documents the work of faith inspired organizations and explores the importance of religious ideas and actors in development contexts. WFDD supports dialogue between religious and development communities and promotes innovative partnerships, at national and international levels, with the goal of contributing to positive and inclusive development outcomes. Acknowledgments We gratefully acknowledge the GHR Foundation for faith and financial support in this venture. Their leadership among the small group of philanthropies supporting interfaith work makes vital work in this complex field possible. Andreas Hipple (GHR) has been a mentor and advisor from the start. Other important advisors and partners include Patrice Brodeur (KAIICID) Rev. Bud Heckman, Drew Christiansen S.J., John Borelli, and Melody Fox Ahmed (George- town University), Paul Chaffee (The Interfaith Observer), and Hans Ucko. The staff of the Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs at Georgetown University and WFDD supported the research. Wilma Mui provided considerable support, preparing the report for publication. Special appreciation goes to Cassandra Lawrence, who provided research support as well as drafts of many sections of the report. Design by Sensical Design & Communication Cover photo: Green Shinto/John Dougill. Table of Contents Foreword 3 List of Acronyms 4 Introduction: The Landscape 5 The project and the report 5 Religious tensions, religious strengths 5 Multiple challenges 6 Report structure 8 1.
    [Show full text]
  • After Al-Shabaab
    After Al-Shabaab By Ioannis Gatsiounis l-shabaab’s hasty retreat from the port city of kismayo in September 2012 all but ended the militant group’s dream of con- verting Somalia into a utopian Islamist State that forbids soccer, TV and music. But what’s good for Somalia may have adverse conse- quences for the region. Even before African Union troops chased the AIslamists from their last stronghold, seizing their main source of supplies and tax revenue, al-Shabaab had begun to forge tactical alliances with other Islamist groups across the East African region. Now the movement’s survival and relevancy will de- pend on them. Islam reached Africa’s Horn more than one thousand years ago from the Arab Peninsula. By the seventeenth century it had spread across much of East Africa. Rad- ical Islam first made contact with the region in the 1950s, when a small number of Muslims returned after studying under Wahhabist teachers at Egypt’s Al-Azhar Uni- versity. At the time, Africans traditionally practiced Sufi or “popular” Islam, and few actively promoted the strict Middle Eastern-infused strains of Islam like Wahhabism and Salafism. Matters changed in the 1970s, however, when Saudi Arabia, plush with petrodollars, began funding mosques, madrassas, social centers, charity groups and educational exchanges through organizations like the Muslim World League. Locals now commonly refer to Wahhabi-Salafism as “purified” or “uncorrupted” Islam. Other outside influences included Libya under Muammar Gaddafi as well as the Islamic Republic of Iran. Gaddafi trained and sent abroad Islamic teachers and funded the construction of mosques in order to “make Islam triumph in Africa.” The region’s 74 ■ CURRENT TRENDS IN ISLAMIST IDEOLOGY / VOL.
    [Show full text]