Multiple Choice (3 points each, 150 points total)
1. Which hormone is released into circulation during negative energy balance?
a. Glucagon
b. Glycogen
c. Insulin
d. Estrogen
2. In which of the following tissue does gluconeogenesis take place?
a. Muscle
b. Liver
c. Adipose
3. Gluconeogenesis produces glucose from amino acids.
a. True
b. False
4. When an amino acid is metabolized to Acetyl CoA, how many net carbons are contributed for the synthesis of glucose via gluconeogenesis?
a. 0 carbons
b. 1 carbon
c. 2 carbons
d. 3 carbons
5. During adapted starvation, ______is the primary process of energy production.
a. Gluconeogenesis
b. Ketogenesis
c. Glycogenesis
d. Liponeolysis
6. Which of the following is NOT a ketone body?
a. Acetyl-CoA
b. Acetone
c. Acetoacetate
d. beta-hydroxybutyrate 7. In what state are both insulin and glucagon present at higher levels?
a. Stress or Trauma
b. Positive Energy Balance
c. Negative Energy Balance
d. Exercise
8. What is the primary energy pathway in cancer cells?
a. Glycolysis
b. Beta-oxidation
c. Krebs Cycle
d. Gluconeogenesis
9. What is the ENZYME of the first rate limiting step of fatty acid synthesis that converts Acetyl CoA to Malonyl CoA?
a. Coenzyme A
b. Biotin
c. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase
d. Pyruvate dehydrogenase Kinase-4
10. In cancer cells and diabetes, glucose oxidation via Krebs cycle is impaired.
a. True
b. False
11. Obesity may contribute to diabetes by derailing normal mitochondrial oxidation of glucose.
a. True
b. False
12. Which of the following compounds may increase the risk for colon cancer?
a. Deoxycholic Acid
b. COX-2 inhibitors (e.g. aspirin)
c. Butyrate
d. Vitamin D
13. Most bile acids are recycled to the liver.
a. True b. False
14. What is produced from the -oxidation of an odd-chain fatty acid?
a. Citrate
b. Propionyl CoA
c. Malonyl CoA
d. Methionine
15. Which metabolic profile would most likely lead to fatty acid synthesis?
a. Increased insulin, increased glucagon
b. Increased insulin, positive energy balance
c. Decreased insulin, increased glucagon
d. Decreased insulin, negative energy balance
16. Which lipoprotein has the highest cholesterol content and increase the risk of CVDs?
a. High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
b. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
c. Very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL)
d. Chylomicrons
17. In muscle cells, high levels of fatty acids may increase Acetyl CoA production leading to inhibition of the pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme and contribute to diabetes
a. True
b. False
18. How does a high fat diet affect bile acids?
a. High fat diet blocks secretion of bile acids.
b. High fat diet reduces the amount of secondary bile acids in colon
c. High fat diet increases the production of secondary DCA in colon
d. High fat diet increases the conversion of bile acids to butyrate
19. Which of the following is a function of FXR?
a. Detoxification of BAs in the liver
b. Absorption of BAs in the ileum
c. Transport of BAs to the basolateral membrane of intestinal cells d. All of the above
20. Which one is true about the role of FXR in liver tissue?
a. FXR stimulates bile acid synthesis
b. FXR inhibits gluconeogenesis and lipid synthesis
AVG=16.9%
% Wrong Answers - NSC408 FALL 2016, n=124 AVG 20 19 18 17
G 16 V A 15 d
n 14 a
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