American History Final / Chapters 22-34

American History Final / Chapters 22-34 Page 1 of 6 Ch. 22 Great Depression Pages: 668-690 Time Period: 1929-1933 1. Which of the following increased in the 1920’s? 2. What were the causes of the Great Depression? 3. What were the causes of the Dust Bowl? 4. After the stock market crash, how did President Hoover try to help the economy? 5. What does buying a stock on the margin mean? 6. What were the effects of the Great Depression? 7. Describe a government system for giving payments or food to the poor?

Chapter 23 New Deal Pages: 692-728 Time Period: 1933-1940 1. What was the first major action Roosevelt took as president? 2. Who was the first woman to serve in the cabinet? 3. What was the goal of the New Deal? 4. What Act or Administration was most responsible for creating new jobs and putting people to work? 5. What was the main objective of the Agricultural Adjustment Act? 6. What role did Eleanor Roosevelt play in the Roosevelt administration? 7. What reached a new high during Roosevelt’s first term as president? 8. Who wrote the novel The Grapes of Wrath about the grim lives of Oklahomans fleeing the Dust Bowl during the depression?

Chapter 24 World War Looms Pages: 732-764 Time Period: 1931-1941 1. What leader transformed the Soviet Union from a rural nation into an industrial power? 2. What is genocide, as practiced by the Nazis? 3. What was the German military strategy blitzkrieg? 4. When did Britain and France adopt a policy of appeasement toward Germany? 5. Match each politician with his nation: Charles de Gaulle, Francisco Franco, Joseph Stalin, and Neville Chamberlain 6. What pact, charter, Act, or treaty did Winston Churchill oppose? 7. Which group of people suffered 6 million deaths during the Holocaust? 8. Which nation(s) signed a nonaggression pact with Germany that led to the invasion and division of Poland? 9. In following a policy of appeasement, what did Britain and France do? 10. Which country’s actions finally forced the United States to enter the war?

Chapter 26 Cold War Pages: 806-836 Time Period: 1945-1960 1. The main goal of ______was to stop communism. 2. The Soviet Union set up the ______in response to efforts from the West to reunify Germany. 3. ______is best known for investigating communism in the film industry. 4. The ______were defeated in the civil war in China despite 2 billion dollars in aid sent to them from the United States. 5. Who was the Communist leader in China? 6. General Douglas MacArthur commanded U.S. forces in ______. Page 2 of 6 7. The ______appeared to be winning the Korean War until China actively entered the conflict. 8. The U.S. responded to fear of Soviet military action in the Middle East by issuing the ______. 9. To label someone’s activities as ______would be to suggest that the person is making unsupported accusations. 10. When the Soviet Union exploded an atomic bomb, the United States responded by intensifying efforts to develop ______.

Chapter 27 The Postwar Boom Pages: 838-870 Time Period: 1946-1960 1. What was the economic program proposed by President Truman? 2. Who were the Dixicrats? 3. What is a conglomerate? 4. What was the baby boom and what year did it begin? 5. Who was Dr. Jonas Salk? What did he develop? 6. What is planned obsolescence? 7. Who was the main audience in the early days of rock ‘n’ roll and who were the members of the band? Think racial, they are asking, ‘color’. 8. What was the beat movement and where was it centered? 9. Who were the braceros? 10. What was the termination policy and who was it aimed at?

Chapter 28 New Frontier and Great Society Pages: 874-902 Time Period: 1960-1968 1. Where was John F. Kennedy from? 2. Kennedy appointed his brother to what position? 3. Why was the hot line established in 1963, what purpose did it serve? 4. What was the Peace Corps, and who proposed it? 5. After the assassination of JFK, what did the Warren Commission conclude? 6. What was the Economic Opportunity Act and what did it do? 7. How was LBJ (Lyndon Baines Johnson) as President, what did the people think of him? Was her experienced? What did he think of the Great Society? 8. What was Medicare and what was it supposed to provide? 9. What was the Immigration Act of 1965? 10. What was the Warren Court? Who supported it?

Ch 29 Civil Rights Pages: 904-932 Time Period: 1954-1968 1. Who was the spokesperson for the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party at the 1964 Democratic Convention? 2. Who was the NAACP lawyer who argued the Brown v. Board of Education case before the Supreme Court? 3. Who was the black Muslim leader who urged blacks to separate from white society? 4. Who was the civil rights leader and minister who believed deeply in the power of nonviolent protest? 5. Who was the President who demanded that Congress pass a sweeping civil rights law but did not live to see it enacted? Page 3 of 6

6. Who was the veteran who became the first African American to attend the University of Mississippi? 7. Who was the activist who protest helped spark the Montgomery bus boycott? 8. Which President ordered soldiers to protect African-American students trying to integrate a white high school in Little Rock, Arkansas? 9. Who was the civil rights leader who became impatient with nonviolence and called for “Black Power” 10. In 1875, the Civil Rights Act of 1875 outlaws, ______. In 1883, an all- white Supreme Court would declare the act unconstitutional. 11. 1896, in ______, the Supreme court rules that a Louisiana law requiring “separate but equal” public accommodations is constitutional. 12. In 1952, ______, the head of the NAACP’s group of lawyers, argues Brown v. Board of Education before the Supreme Court. 13. In 1954, in Brown v. Board of Education, the Supreme Court declares ______unconstitutional. 14. In 1955, ______is arrested for refusing to give up a bus seat to a white man. 15. In 1957, following the Arkansas governor’s refusal to obey the Supreme Court decision in ______, a crisis occurs in Little Rock. President Eisenhower places the Arkansas National Guard under federal control and orders paratroopers into the city. 16. In 1957, the ______is founded under the leadership of Martin Luther King, Jr., for the purpose of carrying out non-violent campaigns against segregation and racism. 17. In 1960, to make better use of young civil rights workers, the ______is founded. 18. In 1960, members of SNCC use ______to desegregate lunch counters throughout the South.

Ch 30 Vietnam Pages: 934-970 Time Period: 1954-1975 1. Containing the spread of communism was the United States’ main goal in Vietnam. 2. William Westmoreland served as the commander of U.S. troops in Vietnam. 3. In the early years of the war, a young man could automatically be deferred from the draft by enrolling in college. 4. All of these occurred in 1968: The Tet Offensive, the assassination of Robert Kennedy, and the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. 5. The invasion of Cambodia set off the first general student strike in U.S. history 6. After World War II, the United States aided France in its efforts to keep control of Vietnam. 7. The Ho Chi Minh Trail enabled North Vietnam to send troops to South Vietnam. 8. The main purpose of the War Powers Act was to restrict the power of the president. 9. Students for a Democratic Society, founded by Tom Hayden and Al Haber, charged that corporations and large government institutions had taken over America. 10. The Tet Offensive was/were most effective in convincing the American public that the way was not winnable. 11. Geneva Accords – Temporarily divided Vietnam along the 17th parallel. Page 4 of 6 12. Tonkin Gulf Resolution - Granted the U.S. president broad military powers in Vietnam. 13. Operation Rolling Thunder – Was the first extensive U.S. bombing of North Vietnam. 14. Dien Bien Phu – Fell to Vietnamese forces in 1059, the French began to leave Vietnam. 15. Domino Theory – Based on the idea that countries on the brink of communism were waiting to fall to communism one after the other. 16. Ho Chi Minh Trail -Allowed Communists in North Vietnam to supply military arms to the government opposition group in South Vietnam. 17. Vietcong - A South Vietnamese opposition group that carried out thousands of assassinations of South Vietnamese government officials. 18. Ngo Dinh Diem - Anti-Communist South Vietnam president canceled elections that were supposed to unify Vietnam. 19. Ho Chi Minh (person)- Led the Indochinese Communist Party and fought French, Japanese, and U.S. forces for the independence of Vietnam. 20. Strategic Hamlet Program - South Vietnamese policy was intended to combat the growing popularity and presence of an anti-government group in South’s countryside. 21. Vietminh - Group formed by Vietnamese Communist and other nationalist groups in 1941, declared independence form foreign rule as is single goal. 22. Credibility Gap - Television, the worsening state of the U.S. economy, and the Fulbright hearings helped to increase. 23. Agent Orange - The U.S. military used planes to spray this leaf killing toxic chemical which devastated the landscape of Vietnam. 24. Dean Rusk - Secretary of defense in the Johnson administration, he admitted he “would have thought differently at the start” of the conflict in Vietnam if he had been aware of the Vietcong’s resilience. 25. Napalm - To expose Vietcong tunnels and hideouts, U.S. planes dropped this gasoline- based bomb that set fire to the jungles of Vietnam. 26. Search-and-Destroy missions - Conducted by U.S. soldiers, these resulted in the uprooting of Vietnamese villagers with suspected ties to the Vietcong, the killing of their livestock, and the burning of their villages. 27. William Westmoreland - As the U.S. commander in South Vietnam, this general introduced the concept of the body count in belief that as the number of Vietcong casualties rose, the Vietcong would eventually surrender. 28. Henry Kissinger - Served as the top U.S. negotiator in Vietnam. 29. Richard M. Nixon - Angry with Nixon’s secret orders to bomb and invade Cambodia, Congress repealed this. 30. Invasion of Cambodia - Upon hearing of this, U.S. college students went on the first general student strike in the nation’s history. 31. Khmer Rouge - This Communist group seized power in Cambodia after the U.S. invasion of that country unleashed a brutal civil war. 32. My Lai massacre - This murder of more than 200 innocent Vietnamese villagers by U.S. troops shocked Americans when it was finally reveled to the public. 33. War Powers Act - This requires a president to inform Congress within 48 hours if U.S. forces are sent into a hostile area without a declaration of war. 34. Vietnamization - This called for a gradual withdrawal of U.S. troops in Vietnam. Page 5 of 6 35. War Powers Act - This states that U.S. troops are not to remain longer than 90 days in a hostile area without Congressional approval or a declaration of war.

Ch 31 Era of Social Change Pages: 972-994 Time Period: 1960-1975 1. Cesar Chavez used nonviolent means to organize Mexican-American ______. 2. What event was most responsible for Chavez’s group gaining negotiating power? 3. In the 1970’s, La Rza Unida focused its efforts on ______. 4. What was the Indian Education Act? 5. What did the American Indian Movement organize in the 1970’s? 6. When did the modern feminist movement become more organized and focused? 7. Who was Phyllis Schlafly? 8. Who were the members of the countermovement? 9. Who did conservatives place the blame on for the increasing permissiveness in society? 10. What was the conservative reaction to the counterculture? Ch 32 Age of Limits Pages: 998-1032 Time Period: 1968-1980 1. What policy did President Nixon adopt that was to reduce the size and power of the federal government? 2. What is the OPEC? 3. In an event known as ______, Nixon ordered Attorney General Richardson to fire the special prosecutor investigating the Watergate break-in. 4. Who became President when Nixon resigned? 5. President Carter’s foreign policy was marked by a commitment to ______. 6. What were the Camp David Accords? 7. After the publication of Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring, the effects of ______, became an increasing concern to many Americans. 8. The U.S. government established the ______to set and enforce pollution standards. Ch 33 The Conservative Tide Pages: 1034-1062 Time Period: 1980-1992 1. During the early 1980’s, conservatives objected to what they believed were excesses in ______. 2. What was the Strategic Defense Initiative? 3. In the 1980’s, reports on education revealed that U.S. schools were ______. 4. During Reagan’s presidency, federal spending increased most for ______.

5. Fundamentalist Christian leader and televangelist Jerry Falwell formed the organization called ______. Page 6 of 6 6. President Regan made a point of appointing administrators to the Environmental Protection who were sympathetic to ______. 7. People who believe that reverse discrimination is a problem are worried about discrimination against ______. 8. Presidents Reagan and Bush were most successful in meeting their goal of ______. 9. When George H.W. Bush ran for president in 1988, his opponent was ______. 10. People who support pay equity argue that women should be paid ______. Ch 34 U.S. in Today’s World Pages: 1064-1096 Time Period: 1992-2001 1. During Presidents Clinton’s first term, U.S. troops were sent to Bosnia to help keep peace there. 2. Fax machines and the Internet made it easier for people to telecommunicate. 3. Medical improvements in the 1990’s included better cancer survival rates. 4. Social Security and Medicare are in danger of becoming overburdened because Americans are living longer and because the baby boom generation is aging. 5. The Internet made it possible to send text, images, and sound almost instantly by computer. True or False, If False MAKE THE STATEMENT TRUE 6. During President Clinton’s first term, NAFTA extended the U.S. Canadian free-trade zone to include China. 7. If current trends continue, by 2050 African-Americans will become the nation’s largest minority group. 8. By the year 2000, most jobs in the American economy were in the manufacturing sector. 9. Gentrification is a process in which people move out of cities and into suburbs. 10. In the presidential election of 2000, Bill Clinton won by a razor-thin margin.