Liberty for All

LIBERTY FOR ALL?: 1800—1860 BOOK 5, A HISTORY OF US

1. Literally “before war,” it is the Latin term given to the first half of the 1800s. [9]

______

2. What is the number of American farmers in 1800 for every person who lived in a city

or town? [10] ______

3. By 1840, one-third of Americans had moved west of this mountain range. [10]

______

4. Andrew Jackson highlighted which institution as the prime national symbol of

aristocratic privilege and influence? [11] ______

5. Thomas Jefferson purchased what from France in 1803? [13]

______

6. The common name given to such trappers as Jim Bridger and James Beckwourth,

they met at annual rendezvous that attracted as many as 1,000 participants. [17]

______

7. Cutting westward from Independence, Missouri through Kiowa, Comanche, and

Cheyenne-controlled territory to Mexico, what trail helped to open up the west to

American expansion? [22-23] ______8. Starvation associated with an 1846 blight on which staple crop led to massive

migration from Ireland to the United States? [29] ______

9. What was the disease that became the prime killer for those who traveled West on the

Oregon Trail? [31] ______

10—15. The official name for the Mormons. [43]

______The Mormons were founded by which Vermont—born prophet? [43] ______The holy book of this new group, it told of how one of the Lost Tribes had ended up in America and been visited by Jesus. [43] ______Which Illinois town, located on the Mississippi River, became an early center of Mormon activity, with an estimated population of between 15,000 and 20,000 inhabitants? [44]

______The successor to Joseph Smith as the leader of the Mormons, he had two dozen wives and 58 children. [44-45] ______

What was the lake by which the Mormons ultimately settled? [47]

______

16. In 1846, Great Britain and the United States agreed to split the Oregon Territory

along which parallel? [48] ______

17. This phrase, which was closely associated with the idea that Americans had the right

and duty to spread across the continent, was first used by journalist John L.

O’Sullivan in 1845. [49] ______

18. Which nation won its independence from Spain in 1821? [51] ______19. What was the common name given to the 1840s migration trail westward across the

Prairies to the Pacific Northwest? [55] ______

20. Briefly called the Bear Flag Republic, it would become part of the United States after

the war with Mexico. [56] ______

21. “Free soil, free men, free speech, free labor, Fremont” was the 1856 campaign slogan

of which new political party? [57] ______

22. In 1821, he led a group of 300 settlers to Texas from Missouri. [58-59]

______

23. Renowned for his bear-hunting abilities and for his rifle “Black Betsy,” which

Tennessee backwoodsman was probably the most famous person to die at the Alamo

in 1836? [60-63] ______

24. What was the name given to the English-speaking American settlers in Texas? [60]

______

25. The former governor of Tennessee, he led the American forces to victory over Santa

Anna at San Jacinto in 1836. [61] ______

26. Passed in 1820, it set up Missouri as a slave state, Maine as a free state, and declared

that all future states admitted into the Union north of the 36th parallel would be free.

[62] ______

27. What was the year in which Texas finally became an American state? [62]

______28. The area south of which river was disputed between Texas and Mexico, and became

the immediate source of the outbreak of war between the U.S. and Mexico in May

1846? [62] ______

29. At the time larger than the present state of the same name, it was the largest

territorial prize for Americans gained as a result of the war with Mexico. [68]

______

30. What was discovered by the carpenter James Marshall at Sutter’s Mill near

Sacramento, California in 1848? [69] ______

31. Between 1848 and 1850, it grew from a town of 812 to a city of 25,000. [72]

______

32. What was the more common name of the American Party, an anti-immigration party

that emerged in the 1850s and argued as part of its platform that recent newcomers

from China, Ireland, and elsewhere threatened American traditions and values? [72-

73] ______

33. What was the nickname given to those who came to California during the first year

of the Gold Rush? [74] ______

34. The richest mining lode in American history, it contained enormous deposits of gold

and silver, and was responsible for the creation of Virginia City, Nevada. [77]

______35. A businessman who recognized the miners’ need for sturdy pants, he was but one of

many who made his fortune not by digging for gold, but by selling merchandise to

the California newcomers. [78] ______

36. Which legendary but short-lived mail service advertised that it preferred orphans as

applicants? [79] ______

37. “ What hath God wrought?” was the first message sent in 1844 via which new

medium, by its inventor Samuel Morse? [81-82] ______

38. Originally referring to a person from Connecticut, one theory is that it derived from

the Dutch pronunciation for John Cheese. [93] ______

39. Its discovery in Pennsylvania in 1859 spelt decline for the whale industry. [96]

______

40. By 1846, which Massachusetts town had emerged as the capital of the whaling

industry? [97] ______

41. Who returned to Japan in 1854, a year after his initial visit, with gifts and warships –

his actions would lead to the opening up of Japan to the outside world? [105-106]

______

42. While only 40 miles were built in the entire United States in the 1820s, by 1850 more

than 9,000 miles were laid and by 1861 more than 30,000 miles. [117]

______43. What may have been the first free public school system in the world was set up in

which colony in 1647? [120] ______

44. Inspired by the belief that American students needed American books, who

completed his two-volume American Dictionary of the English Language in 1828?

[121] ______

45. Founded by Mary Lyon in Massachusetts in 1837, it proved an exception to the rule

that denied women access to higher education in the early nineteenth century. [122-

23] ______

46. In important ways reminiscent of its eighteenth-century predecessor, what religious

revivalistic movement of the antebellum era was more overtly socially conscious as

it promoted such reforms as temperance, abolitionism, women’s rights, and school

reform in its efforts to create heaven on Earth? [123]

______

47. The reforms he introduced as state secretary of education in Massachusetts in the

early nineteenth century are typically seen as setting the model for modern public

education. [124] ______

48. Which South Carolina sisters became not only abolitionists but also women’s rights

advocates in the 1830s? [126] ______

49. Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott were amongst the organizers of the 1848

conference in this New York State town that used the Declaration of Independence as a model to demand rights for American women. [131]

______

50. Which female Massachusetts reformer became a crusader for the nation’s mentally ill

in the early 1800s? [131] ______

51. The editor of a temperance newspaper, who urged American women to abandon their

bulky dresses for wide trousers that would allow for more freedom of movement?

[132] ______

52. Best known for her “Ain’t I a woman?” speech at the 1851 women’s rights

convention in Ohio, who spoke as an advocate of both abolitionism and women’s

rights for some four decades? [136-37] ______

53. One of the first group of writers to carve out an American tradition of letters, he

focused on home-grown themes, including those centering upon an Indian named

Hiawatha; upon the Revolutionary hero Paul Revere; and upon the Acadians who

were forced by the British to leave their Maritime home. [148-49]

______

54. Building his own cabin in the woods by Walden Pond, which Transcendentalist is

often highlighted as an early environmentalist and as an exponent of civil

disobedience? [150-51] ______

55. His novel about a huge white whale named Moby Dick and the captain Ahab who

was obsessed with the whale did not sell well when originally published in the mid- 1800s – now it is regarded as one of the great allegories upon the American Dream.

[153] ______

56. Whose Natty Bumppo was perhaps the first prototypically American frontier hero?

[153] ______

57. Which Brooklyn-bred newspaper reporter became a poet who sang of America’s

promise in the mid-nineteenth century – his Leaves of Grass is regarded by some as

the most important volume of American poetry ever produced? [154-55]

______

58. Tales of which famous lumberman and his blue ox Babe helped to develop a separate

tradition of American folklore? [155] ______

59. A graduate of the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, he traveled up the Missouri

River in the early 1830s into Mandan, Sioux, Blackfoot, and Crow territory, and

became one of the first visual chroniclers of the life of the Plains Indians. [159-61]

______

60. Joseph Cinque led a slave rebellion upon this ship in 1839; landing in Connecticut

the mutineers case would be taken up by former President John Quincy Adams.

[167-70] ______

61. The supporters of slavery in Congress introduced which rule, which laid aside

antislavery petitions without discussion? [170] ______62. Instead of referring to slavery as a “necessary evil,” South Carolina Senator John C.

Calhoun began instead to refer to the institution more optimistically as what? [171]

______

63. What new antislavery party was formed in Ripon, Wisconsin in 1854? [172]

______

64--67. What were the four terms of the Compromise of 1850? [172]

______;

______.

68--69. Eager to promote a transcontinental railroad through his home state of Illinois,

Stephen Douglas helped to engineer what 1854 legislation, which upset the balance instituted by the Missouri Compromise? [175-76] ______

The principle supported by Douglas, it suggested that the residents of the territories themselves, were to decide about slavery. [175] ______

70. In 1856, Preston Brooks caned which abolitionist Massachusetts senator on the floor

of Congress for his inflammatory remarks about South Carolina and its national

politicians. [178-79] ______

71. After the sacking of the anti-slavery capital Lawrence, he sought revenge by

massacring five pro-slavery settlers at Pottawatomie. [179] ______72. Which famous 1857 Supreme Court decision involving determining the status of a

slave who had spent several years in a free territory – Chief Justice Roger Taney’s

decision defined slaves clearly as property and thus without any rights of citizenship?

[180] ______

73. A secret network of people committed to helping slaves escape their bondage, it

involved conductors, stations, and passengers. [186] ______

74. Quakers and Presbyterians helped to establish which abolitionist Ohio college – a

community in Raleigh is named in its honor? [186] ______

75. Which escaped slave became, as editor of the North Star newspaper of Rochester,

New York, the nation’s most famous black abolitionist? [191]

______

76. Which Illinois lawyer was elected president in 1860? [190] ______